Advanced Photonics Research最新文献

{"title":"From Pixels to Information: Artificial Intelligence in Fluorescence Microscopy","authors":"Seungjae Han,&nbsp;Joshua Yedam You,&nbsp;Minho Eom,&nbsp;Sungjin Ahn,&nbsp;Eun-Seo Cho,&nbsp;Young-Gyu Yoon","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202300308","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adpr.202300308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming fluorescence microscopy, providing an overview of its fundamental principles and recent advancements. The roles of AI in improving image quality and introducing new imaging modalities are discussed, offering a comprehensive perspective on these changes. Additionally, a unified framework is introduced for comprehending AI-driven microscopy methodologies and categorizing them into linear inverse problem-solving, denoising, and nonlinear prediction. Furthermore, the potential of self-supervised learning techniques that address the challenges associated with training the networks are explored, utilizing unlabeled microscopy data to enhance data quality and expand imaging capabilities. It is worth noting that while the specific examples and advancements discussed in this review focus on fluorescence microscopy, the general approaches and theories are directly applicable to other optical microscopy methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202300308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radioluminescence Dosimetry in Modern Radiation Therapy","authors":"Arash Darafsheh,&nbsp;Sreekrishna Murty Goddu,&nbsp;Jeffrey Williamson,&nbsp;Tiezhi Zhang,&nbsp;Lee G. Sobotka","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202300350","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adpr.202300350","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate and precise measurement of radiation energy delivered to and absorbed by the patient's tissue is of great importance in radiation therapy (RT) quality assurance. Radioluminescence (RL) dosimetry has shown great potential for high spatiotemporal resolution dose measurement of RT fields. Implementation of efficient RL dosimetry in RT requires multidisciplinary effort and skills in optics, medical physics, radiation physics, electronics, and imaging science. In this review, a wide overview of fundamentals and applications of RL properties of media for RT dosimetry with emphasis on their potential use for multidimensional, small-field, and ultra-high dose rate RT dosimetry is provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202300350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shedding Light on Luminescence Lifetime Measurement and Associated Data Treatment","authors":"Waygen Thor,&nbsp;Jean-Claude G. Bünzli,&nbsp;Ka-Leung Wong,&nbsp;Peter A. Tanner","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202400081","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adpr.202400081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Luminescence lifetime is a crucial parameter in photophysical studies that bears essential physical and chemical information and that is used to quantify a variety of phenomena, from the determination of quenching mechanisms to temperature sensing and bioimaging. The current perception of lifetime measurement is that it is a trivial and fast experiment. However, despite this apparent simplicity, measuring luminescence decay and fitting the obtained data to a suitable model can be far more intricate. In this perspective, the influence of experimental parameters and fitting procedures on the determination of lifetimes are investigated and, through carefully chosen examples, it is shown that large variations, up to 10%, can be induced by varying parameters such as the data acquisition time, the baseline evaluation, or the mathematical fitting model. In order to present to a wider audience, detailed mathematical descriptions are kept out of the manuscript.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202400081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unequilibrated Charge Carrier Mobility in Organic Semiconductors Measured Using Injection Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor Charge Extraction by Linearly Increasing Voltage","authors":"Mile Gao,&nbsp;Paul L. Burn,&nbsp;Gytis Juška,&nbsp;Almantas Pivrikas","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202300325","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adpr.202300325","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The charge carrier mobility in tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA), a host and hole transport material typically used in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), is measured using charge carrier electrical injection metal–insulator–semiconductor charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (i-MIS-CELIV). By employing the injection current i-MIS-CELIV method, charge transport at time scales shorter than the transit times typically observed in standard MIS-CELIV is measured. The i-MIS-CELIV technique enables the experimental measurement of unequilibrated and pretrapped charge carriers. Through a comparison of injection and extraction current transients obtained from i-MIS-CELIV and MIS-CELIV, it is concluded that hole trapping is negligible in evaporated neat films of TCTA within the time-scales relevant to the operational conditions of optoelectronic devices, such as OLEDs. Furthermore, photocarrier generation in conjunction with i-MIS-CELIV (photo-i-MIS-CELIV) to quantify the properties of charge injection from the electrode to the semiconductor of the MIS devices is utilized. Based on the photo-i-MIS-CELIV measurements, it is observed that the contact resistance does not limit the injection current at the TCTA/molybdenum oxide/silver interface. Therefore, when TCTA is employed as the hole transport/electron-blocking layer in OLEDs, it does not significantly reduce the injection current and remains compatible with the high injection current densities required for efficient OLED operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202300325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique Optoelectronic Properties and Applications of Lead-Free Perovskites and Derivatives","authors":"Mingbian Li,&nbsp;Weijun Li,&nbsp;Haotong Wei","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202400095","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adpr.202400095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pursuit of lead-free alternatives to lead halide perovskites has gained significant momentum due to the environmental concerns associated with lead toxicity. The adverse effects of lead on human health and the environment have prompted a shift toward developing sustainable and eco-friendly perovskite materials for various optoelectronic devices. This shift is particularly vital in emerging technologies where perovskites play a crucial role, such as solar cells, X-ray detectors, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), etc. Consequently, it is paramount to understand the fundamental properties, synthesis methods, and structural characteristics of lead-free perovskites. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between the structures and properties of lead-free perovskites, shedding light on their applications across diverse fields. The focus on environmentally benign, high-performing, and lead-free perovskite materials underscores the urgency and significance of research efforts in driving the development of sustainable and efficient optoelectronic technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202400095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Defect Quantum Dot Lasers Directly Grown on Silicon Exhibiting Low Threshold Current and High Output Power at Elevated Temperatures","authors":"Konstantinos Papatryfonos,&nbsp;Jean-Christophe Girard,&nbsp;Mingchu Tang,&nbsp;Huiwen Deng,&nbsp;Alwyn J. Seeds,&nbsp;Christophe David,&nbsp;Guillemin Rodary,&nbsp;Huiyun Liu,&nbsp;David R. Selviah","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202400082","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adpr.202400082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The direct growth of III-V materials on silicon is a key enabler for developing monolithically integrated lasers, offering substantial potential for ultradense photonic integration in vital communications and computing technologies. However, the III-V/Si lattice and thermal expansion mismatch pose significant hurdles, leading to defects that degrade lasing performance. This study overcomes this challenge, demonstrating InAs/GaAs-on-Si lasers that perform on par with top-tier lasers on native GaAs substrates. This is achieved through a newly developed epitaxial approach comprising a series of rigorously optimized growth strategies. Atomic-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy experiments reveal exceptional material quality in the active region and elucidate the impact of each growth strategy on defect dynamics. The optimized III-V-on-silicon ridge-waveguide lasers demonstrate a continuous-wave threshold current as low as 6 mA and high-temperature operation reaching 165 °C. At 80 °C, critical for data center applications, they maintain a 12 mA threshold and 35 mW output power. Furthermore, lasers fabricated on both Si and GaAs substrates using identical processes exhibit virtually identical average threshold current. By eliminating the performance limitations associated with the GaAs/Si mismatch, this study paves the way for robust and high-density integration of a broad spectrum of critical III-V photonic technologies into the silicon ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202400082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional Intelligent Metamaterial Computing System: Independent Parallel Analog Signal Processing","authors":"Javad Shabanpour","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202400002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adpr.202400002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Analog computing based on miniaturized surfaces has gained attention for its high-speed and low-power mathematical operations. Building on recent advances, an anisotropic space-time digital metasurface for parallel and programmable wave-based mathematical operations is proposed. Using frequency conversions, our metasurface performs 1st-order and 2nd-order spatial differentiations, integrodifferential equations, and sharp edge detection in spatially encoded images. The anisotropic nature of the meta-particle enables independent and simultaneous operations for two orthogonal polarizations. Reconfigurability is achieved through tunable gate biasing of an indium tin oxide layer. Illustrative examples demonstrate that the metasurface's output signals and transfer functions closely match ideal transfer functions, confirming its versatility and effectiveness. Unlike other wave-based signal processors, the design handles wide spatial frequency bandwidths, even with high spatial frequency inputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202400002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Octave-Spanning Second-Harmonic Generation in Dispersion-Engineered Lithium Niobate-on-Insulator Microwaveguide","authors":"Yongzhi Tang,&nbsp;Tingting Ding,&nbsp;Yuting Zhang,&nbsp;Wenjun Ding,&nbsp;Yiwen Huang,&nbsp;Jiayu Wang,&nbsp;Hao Li,&nbsp;Shijie Liu,&nbsp;Yuanlin Zheng,&nbsp;Xianfeng Chen","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202400051","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adpr.202400051","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Broadband lasers, e.g., ultrashort lasers, optical supercontinuum, and frequency combs, are revolutionary coherent light sources, which enable a plethora of state-of-the-art applications ranging from precision spectroscopy to optical clocks. However, the spectral broadening of these coherent light sources mainly relies on the third-order nonlinearity (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;χ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$left(chiright)^{left(right. 3 left.right)}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) and is difficult to extend to the visible or shorter wavelength regime. Second-order nonlinearity (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;χ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$left(chiright)^{left(right. 2 left.right)}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), which is orders of magnitude larger than &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;χ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$left(chiright)^{left(right. 3 left.right)}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, becomes a powerful tool for the frequency translation if its broadband operation is well addressed. Herein, an octave-spanning second-harmonic generation scheme is experimentally demonstrated beyond an extremely large frequency range of 135 THz and high conversion efficiency of 1% for sub-100 pJ for the near-infrared picosecond supercontinuum in a fiber–waveguide–fiber configuration. The process relies on ultrabroadband birefringence phase matching in the dispersion-engineered lithium niobate-on-insulator ridge microwaveguide. The mode area of microwaveguide well matches with single-mode lens fiber, reducing coupling loss and ensuring easy packaging. The method provides a new approach to span the wavelength range of coherent light with &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"5 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202400051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband Quantum Efficiency Enhancement of Al0.3InAsSb p–i–n Photodiodes with All-Dielectric Amorphous Germanium Metasurfaces","authors":"Dongxia Wei,&nbsp;Bingtian Guo,&nbsp;Adam A. Dadey,&nbsp;J. Andrew McArthur,&nbsp;Junwu Bai,&nbsp;Seth R. Bank,&nbsp;Joe C. Campbell","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202400090","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adpr.202400090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transparent amorphous germanium (a-Ge) has emerged as a promising material for engineering nanostructures and metasurfaces, offering significant potential for enhancing the performance of photonic devices in the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectrum. Herein, the successful application of a-Ge metasurfaces with a truncated pyramid profile to enhance the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of a digital alloy Al_0.3InAsSb p–i–n photodiode across a broad-wavelength range in the SWIR is presented. The experimental findings demonstrate a broadband enhancement in EQE. Two metasurface samples are designed to emphasize different-wavelength ranges. Notably, 51% improvement in EQE at 1550 nm and 125% enhancement at 2000 nm is achieved. Finite-difference time domain simulations show that the observed EQE improvement originates from the reduction of reflection and electromagnetic field enhancement. This study underscores the promising role of a-Ge metasurfaces in advancing the capabilities of SWIR photodetectors. It lays the groundwork for further exploration in optoelectronic device enhancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202400090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Full-Color Generation Based on a Liquid Crystal-Integrated Plasmonic Metasurface","authors":"Dewang Huo,&nbsp;Guoqiang Li","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202300334","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adpr.202300334","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Structural colors based on metasurfaces outperform traditional pigments and dyes in terms of nonfading, high spatial resolution, and high stability, usually incorporating active materials for tunability. Liquid crystals (LCs) are suitable for tunable structural color design due to their large birefringence and fast modulation by external stimuli. However, most LC-integrated structural colors focus on tailoring the polarization angle of incident light to generate two colors and their mixing. Herein, a scheme of full-color generation based on a plasmonic metasurface integrated with LCs utilizing the combination of the polarization angle rotation effect of the twisted-nematic LCs and the refractive index modulation through the realignment of the LCs near the metasurface is demonstrated. Based on the proposed structural color method, full-color generation of a record color gamut of 60.7% standard Red Green Blue region, equivalent to 43% National Television Standards Committee area, in the LC-integrated metasurface, has been numerically realized by tuning the bias voltage of the LCs in reflection. The achieved color gamut is nearly 4 times wider than the previously reported result. The proposed active full-color generation metasurface shows great potential in applications for low-power reflective color display, anticounterfeiting, and optical encoding.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"5 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202300334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}