Cities & health最新文献

{"title":"Public health spatial planning in practice: improving health and wellbeing","authors":"Caglar Koksal","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2201016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2201016","url":null,"abstract":"With growing evidence of the links between the built environment and population health, there is an increasing demand for practical guides and toolkits to help decision-makers improve public health and address health inequalities. If anything, there is now a plethora of evidence reviews, guidance notes, and good practice cases available, often with overlapping advice (e.g. partnership boards, secondments), overused examples (e.g. Amsterdam as the cycling capital) and falling in the same common pitfalls (e.g. ignoring path-dependency, different planning regulations). What we need is a less of proliferation of the same, but more clarity, coherence, and practical guides that are based on case studies of contextualised planning practices, and chart possible pathways for good practices usable in that context. Therein lies the strength of Public Health Spatial Planning in Practice: Improving Health and Wellbeing, written by Michael Chao-Jung Chang, Liz Green and Carl Petrokofsky, and published by Bristol University Press in 2022. It doesn’t aim to review the evidence of the links between the built environment and population health – there are plenty of other books making the case very strongly. Instead, this book lays out a clear plan on how planning and health agendas can converge to deliver healthy placemaking. The authors build their case on established evidence, practices and frameworks in the first two parts and offer action plans and practice guides in the third and fourth parts with the use of ‘insider stories’ and real-world examples to illustrate healthy planning practices. The final part, horizon scanning, draws lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and provides insights for creating healthy places and communities. What sets this book apart is its attention to the minutiae of the planning system, with a view to embedding health and wellbeing throughout. This includes both the complex planning decision-making process (p. 156) and planning education and professional development (pp. 169–183). The latter was especially a key focus of the authors, who goes to define what they call a new interdisciplinary practice of public health spatial planning (Chapter 9), albeit with more public health than planning, and with more focus on procedural tools of spatial planning. The book also features important discussions on health inequalities, challenges of implementing Health Impact Assessment (p. 97), and novel ideas such as ‘net health gain’ (p. 209). Furthermore, it may have been helpful to have a more nuanced discussion of the differences between spatial planning and land-use management in practice (p. 39). Moreover, whilst it was tacitly acknowledged that more planners are now working in the private sector and Chapter 10 included benefits of healthy places to the private sector and Voluntary, Community and Social Enterprises, the evidence presented and recommendations made were strongly biased towards public bodies. This book is a must-read for built envi","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"22 1","pages":"695 - 695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74416281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing and field testing the Neighbourhood Observational Tool for auditing urban community environments (CyNOTes) in the city of Limassol, Cyprus","authors":"D. Kleopa, A. Panayiotou, C. Kouta, N. Middleton","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2192895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2192895","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT   Systematic Social Observation provides supplementary information about the micro-scale neighborhood environment. This study explored the feasibility of neighborhood audits for the first time in the city of Limassol, Cyprus (population size, 2021 census: 258.900). The prevalence and variability of audited features were investigated using the 126-item CyNOTes inventory, organised along a typology of 17 domains. Two independent audits, with a repeat in two weeks, were performed across 30 randomly selected street segments, stratified in three groups of neighborhoods according to the educational attainment of residents. Associations with census indicators and survey data on SF-36 Quality of Life among residents aged 45–64 (N = 150) were explored. More adverse conditions were recorded in low educational attainment neighborhoods, with differences apparent in domains with generally high as well as low scores. Neighborhood scores correlated with census indicators of the built environment, while negative correlations where observed with sociodemographic indicators, such as population aged over 65 and non-Cypriot population, suggesting social inequities. In neighborhoods with more adverse features, lower physical and mental health-related quality of life were reported. Overall, the study documented environmental inequity. CyNOTes offers the potential for further development and scaling-up for public health research, policy, and advocacy.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"84 1","pages":"779 - 794"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75204129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liveability transitioning: results of a pilot study of walking, accessibility, and social connection strengths weaknesses in established suburbs in Adelaide","authors":"M. McGreevy, Connie Musolino, F. Baum","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2161978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2161978","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Population health is profoundly affected by the liveability of the urban environments where people live. In Australia today most people live in suburbs which fall well short of the form and function required for liveability, which is adversely affecting population health and health equity. We produced the Healthy Urban Neighbourhood Transition Tool (HUNTT) to analyze the existing liveability strengths and weaknesses of neighbourhoods with the objective of assessing their potential for, and pathways required, for a liveability transition. This paper presents a summary of the findings of the application of the HUNTT in 22 suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia, looking at the liveability determinant of walkability. The study showed that there were walkability strengths and weaknesses in all surveyed suburbs, and weaknesses tended to proliferate more in middle and all outer suburbs and those with lower median incomes. It also showed that a walkability transition is possible in all the suburbs surveyed. However, it would require coordination between multiple stakeholders, government regulatory changes and intervention, and significant public funding.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"13 1","pages":"433 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78155760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy cities? Design for well-being","authors":"I. Geddes","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2196855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2196855","url":null,"abstract":"‘Healthy Urbanism – Designing and planning equitable, sustainable and inclusive places’ is published by Palgrave Macmillan in the Planning, Environment and Cities Series. The series is aimed at students and practitioners of planning and related professions, including housing and architecture, politics, geography and urban studies, but this book in particular would be just as relevant to public health professionals. Approaches to healthy urbanism have never been more important, given the growing global health challenges associated with urbanisation and urban living; our understanding and appreciation of how the built environment impacts on both communicable and non-communicable diseases has grown and necessitates action. But there are huge challenges in ensuring that urban centres promote rather than degrade the mental and physical health of inhabitants. This book seeks to address a range of challenges, aiming to ‘define and describe healthy urbanism as an approach to design and planning that unites human health and well-being with the sustainability of environmental systems’. The author, Helen Pineo, is currently an Associate Professor in Healthy and Sustainable Cities at the Bartlett School of the Built Environment at University College London, UK. The book is the product of the author’s experience and knowledge from over a decade working in the area and much of the content centres on her empirical research and the development of the THRIVES (Towards Healthy uRbanism: InclusiVe, Equitable, Sustainable) framework. The framework illustrates health at three levels (local, ecosystem and planetary), across five geographical areas (region, city, district, neighbourhood and building) and a range of actions to improve the urban realm. Three cross-cutting considerations – sustainable, inclusive and equitable – run through actions across the health and geographical levels. The book is structured into nine chapters and begins with an introduction to healthy urbanism, outlining models of health and well-being, global population trends and some particular health challenges in cities. Chapter two then examines the shifting priorities for healthy places, beginning with the historical context of health and place, including health in ancient cities, and the rise of planning and other actions on the built environment as a key means of improving the health of urban populations. Following this background, the author considers the THRIVES framework in detail, linking this to systems thinking for urban health and the need to reframe healthy urbanism in response to developing knowledge and understanding of how urban centres impact on health. Subsequent chapters examine ecosystem health and local health at both the neighborhood and building scales. Following a chapter exploring issues regarding the practising of healthy urbanism, Pineo looks towards the future, concluding that ‘healthy urbanism should be pursued in transdisciplinary teams who are not only diverse in di","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"1 1","pages":"693 - 695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86605521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green space creation and utilization in coordination with policies for Healthy Cities in Japan","authors":"T. Miyagawa, N. Otsuka, H. Abe","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2188636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2188636","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the past 18 years, policies for Healthy Cities have been introduced in Japan to promote public health and provide ample green spaces through the collaborative efforts of various sections of Japan’s local governments. These efforts have been directed at such matters as the health of city residents, grounds maintenance, sport, and community development in both plan-making and implementation, and share the common goal of creating more green spaces. In this study, we reviewed policies for Green Structure Plans in coordination with Health Promotion Plans and policies for Healthy Cities in six Japanese cities, and assessed the role of policies for Healthy Cities in supporting and promoting green spaces and policies for planning green spaces in these cities. We found that the integrated planning of public health and the provision of sufficient green spaces, particularly in disadvantaged city areas, can produce significant improvements in the quality of the environment. We also determined the city size that is best suited to cross-sectional collaboration for policy development and implementation in the planning process.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"21 1","pages":"854 - 874"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84394843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liveability research creating real world impact: connecting urban planning and public health through the Australian Urban Observatory","authors":"M. Davern, A. Both, Katherine B Murray, R. Roberts, Fadhillah Norzahari","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2178091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2178091","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Urbanisation is occurring globally and rapidly with potential to compromise the development of sustainable, liveable and healthy cities. Urban observatories have also existed for many years addressing a range of relevant urban issues. These observatories provide a unique method to translate research into practice, support evidence-informed policy and planning, target actions of the sustainable development goals, address spatially based health inequities and improve the liveability of cities. This paper provides an analysis of the Australian Urban Observatory, a digital liveability planning platform using urban analytics to observe and enhance understanding of liveability inequities in Australian cities that is linked to policy and planning. The analysis aims to share learnings about development of the Australian Urban Observatory, including the conceptual framework of liveability, planning tools, and the resulting impact in policy and planning applications. This is the first urban observatory in Australia that will continue to expand and develop over time, supporting urban governance, democratic process and creating real world policy impact through partnership between academia, government, industry and the community.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"105 1","pages":"765 - 778"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80909404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research for city practice","authors":"M. Grant, Chris Coutts","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2179215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2179215","url":null,"abstract":"SUPPORTING CITY KNOW-HOW Human health and planetary health are influenced by the urban environments we have created. For both human and planetary health, trends showing a current decline and ongoing risks are leading to increasing concern globally. It is imperative that finding solutions becomes a core focus for urban policy. This will require concerted action. The journal Cities & Health is dedicated to supporting a multidirectional flow of knowledge to help make this happen. We wish to foster communication between researchers, practitioners, policymakers, communities and decision-makers in cities. This is the purpose of this section, and the short ‘City Know-how’ articles in the journal. The team Cities & Health and our knowledge partners (the International Society for Urban Health and Salus.Global) invite you to be part of these conversations, interact with their networks, authors and communities; and to consider publishing in Cities & Health to influence urban policy.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"56 1","pages":"189 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89345640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biophilic cities and health","authors":"S. Milliken, Benz Kotzen, S. Walimbe, Christopher Coutts, T. Beatley","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2176200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2176200","url":null,"abstract":"Biophilic design emerged at the beginning of the twenty-first century as an integral part of restorative environmental design, an approach that seeks to reestablish positive connections between nature and humanity in the built environment by minimizing damage to natural systems and human health (low environmental impact design), and by fostering positive experiences of nature in order to enrich the human mind, body and spirit (biophilic design) (Kellert 2005). Biophilic design is based on the theory that humans have an innate biological affinity for the natural environment (the biophilia hypothesis – Wilson 1984, 1993), and is informed by research on the restorative benefits of nature and psychoevolutionary theories of landscape preference. Kellert identified two basic dimensions of biophilic design: organic (or naturalistic) design involves the use of shapes and forms in buildings and landscapes that directly, indirectly, or symbolically elicit people’s inherent affinity for the natural environment, while vernacular (or place-based) design refers to buildings and landscapes that foster an attachment to place by connecting culture, history, and ecology within a geographic context (Kellert 2005, p. 5). Various frameworks have been developed in order to assist designers with the process of translating biophilia into the built environment by creating spaces that provide a connection to nature in order to enhance mental health and well-being (e.g. Kellert 2008, Browning et al. 2014, Kellert and Calabrese 2015). The frameworks are conceived as tools for understanding design opportunities at the building scale, by incorporating nature (e.g. plants, water) in the design of a space, using design features that evoke some aspects of nature – such as ornamentation, use of natural materials, and biomorphic forms – and using spatial configurations characteristic of the natural environment. The frameworks have been widely used to investigate biophilic design in a variety of different settings, including hospitals (Abdelaal and Soebarto 2019), dementia care homes (Peters and Verderber 2021), childcare facilities (Park and Lee 2019), primary schools (Ghaziani et al. 2021) and universities (Peters and D’Penna 2020), and have recently been incorporated in some of the main green building rating systems – such as LEED, LBC and WELL – as criteria for assessing the positive effect of building design on the health and well-being of the occupants.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"418 1","pages":"175 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78780170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associating sense of place and nature relatedness in the British Columbia Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Region: a case study","authors":"Lindsay J. McCunn, Karissa Sawyer, Taylor Shorting","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2178363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2178363","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This case study is part of a project examining the Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Region – a UNESCO-designated biosphere reserve on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. We aimed to understand the extent to which individuals in six communities experience psychological variables linked to pro-social and pro-environmental outcomes, such as sense of place – comprised of place attachment, place identity, and place dependence – and nature-relatedness. We also explored how these attitudes relate to residents’ perceived views of, and walkable access to, nature. Overall, sense of place was neutral; nature relatedness and perceptions of views and access to nature were significantly stronger than sense of place. Although these two variables, as well as sense of place and perceptions of views and walkable access to nature correlated in the region on aggregate, significant associations were not revealed per community. Over 60% of responses to an open-ended item about physical features that contribute to sense of place concerned the natural environment – rather than social or built amenities. Municipal planners may capitalize on restorative effects that arise when community members form connections with nature, and concentrate funding or public engagement on trails, parks, and other natural features to bolster sense of place in coastal and mountainous communities.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"5 1","pages":"744 - 764"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88617713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Types of greenspace and adolescent mental health and well-being in metropolitan London","authors":"Marie A. E. Mueller, Emily Midouhas, E. Flouri","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2175410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2175410","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The evidence suggests a link between greenspace and adolescent mental health. One limitation is the typically crude measure of greenspace quantity or greenness. We explored the roles of different types of greenspace in the mental health of 10- to 15-year-old adolescents living in London, using data from Understanding Society, a UK household longitudinal study. We used data on 1,879 adolescents from waves 1-8 (2009-2018). As some adolescents had observations at multiple waves, 4,217 observations were included. Mental health and well-being measures were Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores, self-esteem, and happiness. Proportions of green land cover, parks & gardens, natural & semi-natural urban greenspaces, outdoor sports facilities, and total green land use were measured in 500 m around postcodes. We ran linear regressions, stratified by age, adjusted for confounders, and accounting for Understanding Society’s complex sampling design. We did not find consistent results across analyses, but we identified patterns worth exploring further: older adolescents (13-15 years) seemed to ‘benefit’ more from greenspace than younger adolescents (10-12 years); and parks & gardens and outdoor sports facilities seemed to be most ‘beneficial’. Overall, however, no clear conclusions can be drawn, and findings need to be confirmed in future studies.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"26 1","pages":"378 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80046661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}