Advances in Crop Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Genetic Study of Resistance to Rice Blast in Crosses between Korean and Locally Adapted Rice Genotypes","authors":"Z. Zewdu, R. Edema, J. Lamo","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000346","url":null,"abstract":"The rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea) is a serious constraint to rice production in many rice producing countries including Uganda. Yield losses of up to 100% are attributed to the blast disease in different rice growing regions. In addition to these, the inheritance of resistance to the disease has not yet been studied under Ugandan condition. Experiment was conducted under controlled conditions by using three resistant and four susceptible elite genotypes as parental lines for population development in half dialled mating design with the aim of providing relevant genetic information as a contribution towards the development of rice varieties with resistance to blast disease. A total of 18 crosses were advanced to F2 level. The F2 segregates and their corresponding parents were evaluated in the screen house against single virulent isolate of rice blast pathogen in 4 by 7 alpha lattice design in three replications. These results showed that there was significant variation for rice blast resistance among genotypes. Significant general and specific combining abilities were observed, indicating that both additive and non-additive gene effects were important for rice blast resistance, although the additive effect was predominant. A High coefficient of genetic determination in the broad sense (0.99) and narrow sense (0.85), were obtained on a genotype mean basis with a high Baker’s ratio of 0.86, indicating primarily additive inheritance among crosses. The segregation pattern for resistance to rice blast showed single dominant gene in some elite susceptible × resistant crosses, duplicate recessive epistasis in other elite susceptible × resistant crosses and two genes with duplicate dominant epistasis in resistant × resistant crosses. The crosses between susceptible by susceptible genotypes did not show segregation. Overall, resistance was highly heritable, with mainly additive gene action between crosses. Results suggest that simple breeding strategies with selection in early generations would be effective for rice blast resistance.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82030529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation for High Iron and Zinc Content among Selected Climbing Bean Genotypes in Rwanda","authors":"F. Mukamuhirwa, E. Rurangwa","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000344","url":null,"abstract":"Daily consumption of beans in Rwanda may offer the opportunity for alleviating micronutrient malnutrition since other sources of these elements are expensive and/ or unavailable. In light of improving the nutritional status of many Rwandans, identification of new bean varieties able to accumulate high Fe/Zn content in addition to high yield performance would be good news for the country. The objective of this study was to identify and select climbing bean genotypes that have high mean yield, iron and or zinc content that should be the candidates for release for the traits of interest. Trials of seven climbing bean genotypes were conducted in ten research centers of Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB) in 2017A and 2017B cropping seasons in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Grain yield differed significantly (P ≤ 0.001) among the seven climbing bean genotypes evaluated and environments. Strong interactions between genotype and environment were observed (P ≤ 0.001) for yield, iron and zinc content. Grain yield averaged over the two seasons varied from 554 to 4,906 kg ha-1. The least grain yield was achieved with RWV 2365-2 in Ngoma while greater yield was achieved with RWV 2350-2B in Muhoza. The across environments means revealed that Nyiramagorori had the least grain yield (1966 kg ha-1) while MBC 71 had greater yield (2,502 kg ha-1). Mean iron and zinc content in seeds differed significantly (P ≤ 0.001) among the seven climbing bean genotypes and ten environments. The mean iron content varied between 54.0 and 91.7 ppm. The genotype 665SI-4/1 averaged a low iron content of 63.0 ppm while 665SI-4/1 averaged a greater iron content of 76.4 ppm. In general three climbing bean genotypes among the seven evaluated showed superior performance for the three traits evaluated (yield, iron and zinc content) across environments. These genotypes include Rwibarura, RWV 2350-2B and MBC71.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82164010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil and Water Conservation Practices in District Swabi, KP, Pakistan","authors":"M. Ali, Farmanullah Khan, I. Khan, Waqar Ali, S. Sara, Abid Kamal","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000366","url":null,"abstract":"This study is based on survey of the conservation practices adopted by the farmers in various regions of District Swabi (34°10'23\" N, 72°34'80\" E), (Pakistan). The surveyed area comprised of 86 zones of the District to assemble farmer’s practices for conservation of water and soil. A few reviews demonstrated that over 70% of the world rural areas face direct decline. Water is likewise turning into a rare resource by sedimentation, contaminating with various chemicals. The adoption of a particular conservation practice in any zone seems to have relation with the region’s climatic conditions and land relief. For instance, the practices in Baja (with a relatively smaller slope gradient) were different to that adopted in Utla (with higher slope gradient) where stone walled terracing was the most common practice. Additionally, use of conservation practices were also dependent upon the extent of precipitation and wind, and the regions where precipitation was high, conservation practices were for the most part stubble mulching, cover crops, grass strips, field borders and filter strips that can diminish overflow by improving infiltration. Whilst the areas with higher level of wind erosion were, generally, proliferated with wind breaks and trees plantations. From the results it is obvious that farmers adoptive conservation practices in District Swabi were more focused on decreasing the soil loss, ensuring a safe habitat for natural biodiversity, improving soil fertility and increasing bioenergy production which should help increase financial gains of the farming community living in the area.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81523421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Analysis of Ecomomic Action Level of Tomato Leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on Tomato Plant under Open Field","authors":"Tadele Shiberu, E. Getu","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000327","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is considered to be one of the major pests of tomato crop in Ethiopia. In tomato, economic impact is caused by larval which feeding leaves and fruits. Information on tomato leafminer economic injury levels (EILs) and economic thresholds (ETs) is relatively limited. Studies were conducted during 2015 to 2017 to determine EILs and ETs on open field is required for more effective management. The results from the current studies significant (P<0.05) differences were observed among the treatments during the study periods. T. absoluta was highly infested the untreated control as compared with protected treatment. The mean value of marketable yield loss to the cost of insecticide application at one larva/plant was 3.61% and from untreated control was obtained 77.91% during 2015/16. Similarly, during 2016/17 at one larva/plant and untreated control marketable yield loss were observed 5.57% and 81.61%, respectively. The highest yield loss was observed at unsprayed control (24,577.84 kg/ha) followed by five larvae/plant (10,587 kg/ha) during 2015/16 while during 2016/17 the highest yield loss also observed in untreated control (26,593.08 kg/ha) followed by five larvae/plant. From this study the economic injury level of T. absoluta was 3.82 larvae per plant. Therefore, based on economic injury level, the economic threshold level was determined as at 2.87 larvae per plant.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89257171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficiency of Different Weed Management Practices on Yield and Economic in Summer Maize in Dang","authors":"A. Shrestha, B. Thapa, M. Devkota, R. Subedi","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000354","url":null,"abstract":"The particular weed management practice is still know that describes the exact solution for weed control and maximizes the yield and profitability of maize production and weed severs to more than 40% loss in production. So, the field experiment was conducted in Farmer’s field to compare the effects of different weed management practices on weed growth and dynamics, yield, and economic performance in Summer Maize under humid sub-tropical condition at Aswara-5, Tulsipur, and Dang in 2017. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of (i) Framer practices, (ii) control, (iii) weed free broadcasting (iv) Weed free line sowing (v) power weeded (vi) Manually weeded (vii) herbicides (Temboterine and Atrazine). The different weed managements practice showed significant effect in Yield, test weight, Harvest index, stover yield, shelling percent and sterility percent and cob length. The higher grain yield was obtained in herbicide treated plot (7.620 t/ha) and least in control plot (3.54 t/ha) and farmer practice plot (4.32 t/ha) where other treatment were statistically at par with each other. The highest shelling and cob length was 78.33 and 21.76 cm found highest that leads to highest yield and lower yield in control and farmer plot. The cost of cultivation was higher in weed free line sowing (NRs 89102) and broadcasting (NRs 89106) condition but the production per unit cost was highest in herbicides (109.27 g/Rs) plot and followed by manual (69.73 g/Rs) and power weeded plot(78.11 g/Rs). Similarly, the highest Net revenue, Gross revenue and Benefit cost ratio was obtained in Herbicide treated plot among all the treatment, which is followed by power weeded plot. So, we can conclude that, herbicide treated plot is economically and profitability important in terms of production where there is human labour crisis.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85795921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Allele-Specific (AS-PCR) Marker for Identification of High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits (HMW-GS) at the GluB-1 Locus in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"R. Rai, Shilpi Singh, B. Das, Bhagwat Sg","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000387","url":null,"abstract":"Improved processing quality is an important objective of wheat breeding which is largely associated with the amount and composition of endosperm seed proteins in the wheat kernel. Especially, HMW-GS determines dough strength and visco-elasticity contributing towards end-use product. Glu-B1 is the candidate structural gene, coding for Glu1Bx and associated with the quantity of high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin in bread wheat. This study provides detection of GluB-1 alleles on 19 different wheat cultivars by precise AS-PCR marker with the aim to develop marker for HMW-GS 1Bx20 which is assumed to be associated with chapatti making quality (CMQ) in bread wheat. The primer pair gave diagnostic banding pattern in different varieties with 1Bx7, 1Bx20 and 1Bx17+18 GluB-1 alleles. The result of this study will help in detection of varieties with different allelic combinations at their GluB-1 loci in early developmental stage using single marker which reduces the time for varietal selection. It will be also useful in screening of wheat cultivars with good chapatti making quality and introgression of subunit 1Bx20 in high yielding varieties using marker-assisted selection (MAS).","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91309625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Morphology, Physico-Chemical Properties and Classification of Typical Soils of Abelo Area Masha District South Western Ethiopia","authors":"Z. Isreal, T. Tana, Lemma Wogi, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000341","url":null,"abstract":"A soil profile representative of typical soils of Abelo area Masha District, South-west Ethiopia, was dug to study its morphology, physico-chemical characteristics and to classify it using two internationally known soil classification systems. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken from designated pedogenic horizons for physical and chemical analysis in the laboratory. Soil morphological observations revealed that the pedon was well drained and very deep with dark brown to dark yellowish-brown topsoil overlying brown to strong brown sandy clay loam to sandy clay subsoil. Clay eluviation - illuviation was a dominant process influencing soil formation in the study area as indicated by the clay gradient between the eluvial and illuvial horizons in the subsoil. The soil was characterized by weak fine sub angular blocky structure throughout its Pedon depth. Laboratory analysis indicates that the soil was very strongly acid (pH 4.49-5.2) throughout the profile, the pedon has low N (0.1-0.13), low to medium OC (1.3-1.87%). Low Av. P (3.4-8.5 mgKg-1), low C:N (13-14.38), Available. K (25–54 mgKg-1), Low to medium Ca (5-7.12 cmol (+) kg-1soil), medium Mg (1.5-2.16 cmol (+) kg-1 soil), medium K(0.32-0.41 cmol (+) kg-1soil), TEB (6.82-9.69), Ac(2.4-3.58), Al(1.8-2.52), moderate CEC(18.8-21.44 cmol (+) kg-1), ECEC (9.22-13.28) CECclay (37.6-46.41 cmol (+) kg-1), high Pals (9.81-13.59%), high PAcs (11.11-16.66%), low (PBS<50%), low Ca/Mg (3.06-3.33), medium Mg/K (4.41-6.68), high K/TEB (0.035-0.05), low Calcium saturation (26.88-34.67%), low Magnesium saturation (8.06-10.80%), Textural class (sandy clay loam-sandy clay), Bd (1.32-1.36 gcm-3), high Pd (2.708-2.766 gcm-3), and porosity (50.83-51.25%). Using field and laboratory analytical data, the representative pedon was classified to the series level of the USDA Soil Taxonomy as Abelo, fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic, Rhodic Paleudults and to Tier-2 of WRB as Rhodic Nitosols Ortho dystric. The general fertility of the soils of the area is discussed highlighting their potentials and constraints.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86584664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissolution Rate Behaviour of Sulfur Coated Urea from Spouted Bed Coater using Box Behnken Design","authors":"Faris Hamidi, Bima Prakasita, M. J. Zuhdan, W. Widiyastuti, H. Setyawan","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86656609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Fluorescence Diagnostic of Wheat Leaf Rust with Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy","authors":"S. Firdous","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000355","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is the most important grain crop and food source worldwide. The management of diseases and early detection of pathogens is a crucial step in diagnosis programs in wheat. In the primary stage, the symptoms of rust fungus are difficult to identify with visual monitoring and other conventional techniques. In this study, we intended to investigate the early stage leaf rust in wheat crop produced through rust fungus using light fluorescence from laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The leaf rust and normal samples were analyzed with an excitation of 488 nm wavelength of Ar+ laser without any marker or photosensitizer. The small dark pores instead of stomata appears in leaf due to fungus infection and can be observed after two week of leaf tillering. These spots are orange or brown in the beginning and become black, when plants reach maturity. In recent study, the potential of non-invasive techniques for the detection of plant diseases are demonstrated for the development of a rapid and less complex early stage detection procedure that can be utilized to evaluate the infection structures during fungus infection of wheat. The newly developed rapid procedure will be helpful for early stage detection and management fungal infection before proper development during wheat interaction.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89465309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Variety and Time of Intercropping of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) With Maize ( Zea mays L.) on Yield Components and Yields of Associated Crops and Productivity of the System at Mid-Land of Guji, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Demissie Alemayehu, Deresa Shumi, Tekalign Afeta","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000324","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiments was carried out at Bore Agricultural Research Center (BOARC) on Adola Sub-site, during 2015 and 2016 short rainy season with the objective of determining the most suitable time of introducing common bean and select the best common bean variety into maize and common bean intercrop. The experiment was laid out in randomize complete block design (RCBD) with three replications of factorial combination of three common bean varieties (Haramaya, Ibbado and Hawassa Dume) and four time of intercropping (Simultaneously with maize, 2 WAME, 4 WAME and 6 WAME) along with respective sole crops of common bean varieties and maize BH-661. Highly significant interaction effect of variety and time of intercropping were observed on days to flowering, maturity and plant height, whereby simultaneous intercropping of common bean variety provide longer days to flowering and maturity with taller and vigorous growth than delayed intercropping. A highly significant effect of time of intercropping was observed on number of pod plant-1 and seed pod-1, in which the highest mean number were recorded when common bean was simultaneously planted with maize compared to subsequent interseeding. Highly significant interaction effect of variety and time of intercropping were also observed on common bean varieties on hundred seed weight and grain yields, where drastic reduction of hundred seed weight and grain yields were observed due to delayed intercropping. In regards to maize components, only plant height and grain yield were significantly affected by main effect of time of intercropping, in which the highest mean plant height and grain yield were recorded in delayed time of intercropping common bean. On other hand total LER and GMV of Common bean and maize were significantly affected by main effect of time of intercropping. Simultaneous intercropping of common bean with maize proved LER and GMV of 1.36 and 20246 ETB ha-1, respectively. Therefore, simultaneous intercropping of common bean with maize could be recommend for midland of Guji and similar agro-ecology, based on the observed productivity and economic benefit.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90904615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}