韩国稻与地方适应稻杂交抗稻瘟病的遗传研究

Z. Zewdu, R. Edema, J. Lamo
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引用次数: 2

摘要

稻瘟病(Magnaporthe grisea)严重制约了包括乌干达在内的许多水稻生产国的水稻生产。在不同的水稻种植区,稻瘟病造成的产量损失高达100%。除此之外,在乌干达的条件下,还没有对这种疾病的抗性遗传进行研究。在控制条件下,以3个抗性和4个易感优良基因型为亲本,采用半拨配设计进行群体发育试验,旨在为水稻稻瘟病抗性品种的培育提供相关遗传信息。共有18个杂交品种提升至F2等级。采用3个重复的4 × 7 α格子设计,在筛选室内对F2分离株及其对应亲本进行了抗稻瘟病单毒分离株的鉴定。结果表明,水稻稻瘟病抗性在不同基因型间存在显著差异。结果表明,加性和非加性基因效应对水稻稻瘟病抗性均有重要影响,但加性效应占主导地位。广义遗传决定系数和狭义遗传决定系数分别为0.99和0.85,贝克比均为0.86,表明杂交间以加性遗传为主。水稻稻瘟病抗性的分离模式为:部分优良感×抗杂交为单显性基因,部分优良感×抗杂交为双隐性上位,抗×抗杂交为双显性基因。易感基因型之间的杂交不存在分离现象。总体而言,抗性具有较高的遗传性,主要表现为杂交间的加性基因作用。结果表明,早期选择的简单育种策略对水稻抗稻瘟病是有效的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Genetic Study of Resistance to Rice Blast in Crosses between Korean and Locally Adapted Rice Genotypes
The rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea) is a serious constraint to rice production in many rice producing countries including Uganda. Yield losses of up to 100% are attributed to the blast disease in different rice growing regions. In addition to these, the inheritance of resistance to the disease has not yet been studied under Ugandan condition. Experiment was conducted under controlled conditions by using three resistant and four susceptible elite genotypes as parental lines for population development in half dialled mating design with the aim of providing relevant genetic information as a contribution towards the development of rice varieties with resistance to blast disease. A total of 18 crosses were advanced to F2 level. The F2 segregates and their corresponding parents were evaluated in the screen house against single virulent isolate of rice blast pathogen in 4 by 7 alpha lattice design in three replications. These results showed that there was significant variation for rice blast resistance among genotypes. Significant general and specific combining abilities were observed, indicating that both additive and non-additive gene effects were important for rice blast resistance, although the additive effect was predominant. A High coefficient of genetic determination in the broad sense (0.99) and narrow sense (0.85), were obtained on a genotype mean basis with a high Baker’s ratio of 0.86, indicating primarily additive inheritance among crosses. The segregation pattern for resistance to rice blast showed single dominant gene in some elite susceptible × resistant crosses, duplicate recessive epistasis in other elite susceptible × resistant crosses and two genes with duplicate dominant epistasis in resistant × resistant crosses. The crosses between susceptible by susceptible genotypes did not show segregation. Overall, resistance was highly heritable, with mainly additive gene action between crosses. Results suggest that simple breeding strategies with selection in early generations would be effective for rice blast resistance.
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