Soil Morphology, Physico-Chemical Properties and Classification of Typical Soils of Abelo Area Masha District South Western Ethiopia

Z. Isreal, T. Tana, Lemma Wogi, A. Mohammed
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

A soil profile representative of typical soils of Abelo area Masha District, South-west Ethiopia, was dug to study its morphology, physico-chemical characteristics and to classify it using two internationally known soil classification systems. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken from designated pedogenic horizons for physical and chemical analysis in the laboratory. Soil morphological observations revealed that the pedon was well drained and very deep with dark brown to dark yellowish-brown topsoil overlying brown to strong brown sandy clay loam to sandy clay subsoil. Clay eluviation - illuviation was a dominant process influencing soil formation in the study area as indicated by the clay gradient between the eluvial and illuvial horizons in the subsoil. The soil was characterized by weak fine sub angular blocky structure throughout its Pedon depth. Laboratory analysis indicates that the soil was very strongly acid (pH 4.49-5.2) throughout the profile, the pedon has low N (0.1-0.13), low to medium OC (1.3-1.87%). Low Av. P (3.4-8.5 mgKg-1), low C:N (13-14.38), Available. K (25–54 mgKg-1), Low to medium Ca (5-7.12 cmol (+) kg-1soil), medium Mg (1.5-2.16 cmol (+) kg-1 soil), medium K(0.32-0.41 cmol (+) kg-1soil), TEB (6.82-9.69), Ac(2.4-3.58), Al(1.8-2.52), moderate CEC(18.8-21.44 cmol (+) kg-1), ECEC (9.22-13.28) CECclay (37.6-46.41 cmol (+) kg-1), high Pals (9.81-13.59%), high PAcs (11.11-16.66%), low (PBS<50%), low Ca/Mg (3.06-3.33), medium Mg/K (4.41-6.68), high K/TEB (0.035-0.05), low Calcium saturation (26.88-34.67%), low Magnesium saturation (8.06-10.80%), Textural class (sandy clay loam-sandy clay), Bd (1.32-1.36 gcm-3), high Pd (2.708-2.766 gcm-3), and porosity (50.83-51.25%). Using field and laboratory analytical data, the representative pedon was classified to the series level of the USDA Soil Taxonomy as Abelo, fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic, Rhodic Paleudults and to Tier-2 of WRB as Rhodic Nitosols Ortho dystric. The general fertility of the soils of the area is discussed highlighting their potentials and constraints.
埃塞俄比亚西南部Masha地区Abelo地区典型土壤形态、理化性质及分类
对埃塞俄比亚西南部Masha地区Abelo地区典型土壤剖面进行了挖掘,研究了其形态、理化特征,并采用两种国际知名的土壤分类系统对其进行了分类。从指定的成土层提取受扰动和未受扰动的土壤样品,在实验室进行物理和化学分析。土壤形态观察表明,该土壤排水良好,土层深,表土为深褐色至深黄褐色,上覆棕色至深棕色砂质粘土壤土至砂质粘土底土。粘土淋溶—淋溶作用是影响研究区土壤形成的主要过程,这是由底土淋溶层和淋溶层之间的粘土梯度所表明的。土壤在整个土墩深度呈弱细亚角块状结构。实验室分析表明,整个剖面土壤呈强酸性(pH值为4.49 ~ 5.2),土壤低氮(0.1 ~ 0.13),低至中等OC(1.3 ~ 1.87%)。低Av. P (3.4-8.5 mgKg-1),低C:N(13-14.38),可选。K(但mgKg-1),低到中等Ca (5 - 7.12 cmol (+) kg-1soil),介质毫克(1.5 - -2.16 cmol(+)公斤土),介质K (0.32 - -0.41 cmol (+) kg-1soil), tep (6.82 - -9.69), Ac(2.4 - -3.58),(1.8 - -2.52),中度CEC (18.8 - -21.44 cmol(+)公斤),ECEC (9.22 - -13.28) CECclay (37.6 - -46.41 cmol(+)公斤),高朋友(9.81 - -13.59%),高pac(11.11 -16.66%)、低(PBS < 50%),低钙/镁(3.06 - -3.33),介质毫克/ K(4.41 - -6.68),高K / TEB(0.035 - -0.05),低钙饱和(26.88 - -34.67%),低镁饱和(8.06 - -10.80%),质构等级为砂质粘土壤土-砂质粘土,Bd值为1.32 ~ 1.36 gcm-3,高Pd值为2.708 ~ 2.766 gcm-3,孔隙度为50.83 ~ 51.25%。利用田间和实验室分析数据,将代表性土壤划分为美国农业部土壤分类系列(Abelo,细壤土,硅质,热质,Rhodic古生层)和WRB第2层(Rhodic Nitosols Ortho dyc)。讨论了该地区土壤的一般肥力,强调了其潜力和限制。
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