Dharini Srinivasan , Johann Gout , Alexander Kleger , Elodie Roger
{"title":"Tumor microenvironment subtyping in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: New avenues for personalized therapeutic strategies","authors":"Dharini Srinivasan , Johann Gout , Alexander Kleger , Elodie Roger","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past decade, single-cell-resolved approaches have uncovered the extensive heterogeneity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), reshaping our understanding of this complex solid tumor. PDAC entities exhibit both intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity at the tumor and stromal levels, translating into distinct ecosystems and functions, ultimately impacting disease progression and treatment response. Increasing evidence highlights how specific genetic alterations drive unique tumor microenvironment landscapes, affecting fibroblast programming, immune cell contexture and extracellular matrix remodeling. In this review, we emphasize the importance of deciphering and stratifying heterogeneous tumor-stroma networks and provide an overview on the intricate crosstalk linking tumor identity and stromal phenotype. We further discuss the concept of multicellular subtyping and the role of spatial organization in shaping patient outcomes to refine prognostic and therapeutic stratification. Lastly, we explore existing and potential therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting both tumor-intrinsic and stromal-extrinsic vulnerabilities, offering insights into approaches that could enhance the efficacy of tailored treatment schemes. By integrating these perspectives, we aim to provide a comprehensive framework for advancing precision medicine in PDAC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 115697"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145043168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agbor Otu Egbe Vydaline , Sergei Rozhkov , German Sosa , Prabodhika Mallikaratchy
{"title":"Aptamers as target-specific recognition elements in drug delivery","authors":"Agbor Otu Egbe Vydaline , Sergei Rozhkov , German Sosa , Prabodhika Mallikaratchy","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Targeted drug delivery significantly enhances therapeutic efficacy across various diseases, particularly in cancer treatments, where conventional approaches such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy often cause severe side effects. In this context, nucleic acid aptamers—short, single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides capable of binding specific targets with high affinity—have emerged as promising tools for precision drug delivery and therapy. Aptamers can be selected against whole, living cells using SELEX and chemically modified for diverse applications. Their chemical versatility and specific binding capabilities allow aptamers to be engineered into aptamer-drug conjugates, nanoparticles, DNA origami structures, and bi-/multivalent or bispecific constructs. These platforms enable selective recognition of unique molecular signatures on cells or small molecules, facilitating highly targeted drug delivery and controlled release at the disease site. Such precision reduces systemic toxicity and enhances therapeutic outcomes. Compared to antibodies, aptamers offer several advantages, including faster tissue penetration, lower immunogenicity, greater chemical stability, and improved bioavailability in vivo. This review highlights recent advances in aptamer modification strategies—both covalent and non-covalent—for conjugation with chemotherapeutic agents, gold nanoparticles (GNPs), and photosensitizers. We further assess their potential as drug delivery vehicles and therapeutic agents and discuss how these innovations are driving progress in precision medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 115685"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karen M. Mancera Azamar , Samanvitha Deepthi Sudi , Zahra Mohammadalizadeh , Carleigh Coffin , Ivana K. Parker , Ana Maria Porras
{"title":"Innovative engineering approaches to model host-microbiome interactions in vitro","authors":"Karen M. Mancera Azamar , Samanvitha Deepthi Sudi , Zahra Mohammadalizadeh , Carleigh Coffin , Ivana K. Parker , Ana Maria Porras","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The human microbiome plays a critical role in health and disease. Disruptions in microbiota composition or function have been implicated not only as markers but also as drivers of diverse pathologies, creating opportunities for targeted microbiome interventions. Advancing these therapies requires experimental models that can unravel the complex, bidirectional interactions between human tissue and microbial communities. This scoping review examines emerging engineering approaches to design <em>in vitro</em> platforms that successfully integrate host and microbial components to model these interactions. Compared to traditional <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> approaches, these advanced microphysiological systems offer greater experimental control, human-specific biology, and reduced cost and ethical concerns. Here, we identify key challenges in the creation of these <em>in vitro</em> models and innovative solutions to address them by leveraging microfluidics, biomaterials, and organoid technologies, among others. These strategies have enabled the development of co-culture systems that replicate critical features of host-microbiome interfaces, including mucosal barriers, oxygen and pH gradients, mechanical stimuli, and host cell diversity. We also describe how these physiologically relevant models are uncovering new insights into epithelial-microbiota crosstalk, immune modulation by commensal microbes, and systemic effects of microbiota and their metabolites across multiple body sites. We conclude by discussing opportunities to expand these systems in scale, complexity, and clinical relevance. As these models continue to evolve, they hold the potential to transform our ability to mechanistically probe microbiome interactions, personalize therapeutic strategies, and accelerate the translation of microbiome science into clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 115677"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuehui Rui , Yiyang Jia , Ruochen Qiao , Xiaoting Peng , Yuchen Wang , Tao Li , Chuan Zhao , Jinhui Wu
{"title":"Recent advances in intelligent oxygen delivery systems for tissue regeneration","authors":"Xuehui Rui , Yiyang Jia , Ruochen Qiao , Xiaoting Peng , Yuchen Wang , Tao Li , Chuan Zhao , Jinhui Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxygen plays a critical regulatory role in tissue repair and regeneration. However, in the microenvironment of tissues with vascular damage, hypoxia is commonly present. This not only suppresses cell proliferation and differentiation but also delays angiogenesis and extracellular matrix reconstruction, ultimately hindering the tissue regeneration process. Therefore, developing oxygen delivery strategies that can effectively enhance local oxygen levels has become one of the key approaches to promoting tissue regeneration. Traditional oxygen delivery strategies for tissue regeneration face several challenges, including inadequate sustained oxygen supply, poor targeting ability, and limited biocompatibility. To address these limitations, researchers have developed a variety of “intelligent oxygen delivery systems.” These systems can dynamically regulate oxygen release and achieve tissue-specific targeted delivery by responding to environmental or external stimuli, thereby significantly improving the precision and efficacy of oxygen therapy. This review systematically summarizes the biological functions of oxygen in tissue regeneration, with a particular focus on intelligent strategies for oxygen generation and supply developed in recent years. In addition, this review discusses the oxygen generation mechanisms, release kinetics, biocompatibility, application potential, and limitations of various oxygen delivery strategies. Finally, the review emphasizes that future designs of oxygen delivery systems should place greater emphasis on intelligent regulation, aiming to facilitate their clinical translation in tissue regeneration-related diseases such as chronic wounds, bone repair, and myocardial infarction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 115684"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junru Li , Yongming Han , Na Chen , Wenzhi Yang , Xiaohan Cai , Siqi Tian , Peipei Zhao , Wenhao Zhang , Dan Luo , Guoqing Tang , Fengqin Li , Peifeng Liu
{"title":"Branched DNA for disease diagnosis and therapy","authors":"Junru Li , Yongming Han , Na Chen , Wenzhi Yang , Xiaohan Cai , Siqi Tian , Peipei Zhao , Wenhao Zhang , Dan Luo , Guoqing Tang , Fengqin Li , Peifeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNA exhibits remarkable versatility, which is attributed to its inherent molecular recognition capabilities, programmable sequences, and excellent biocompatibility. Among its various topological forms, branched DNA (bDNA), including Y-shaped DNA (Y-DNA), X-shaped DNA (X-DNA), etc., stands out as a fundamental building block for fabricating functional DNA-based materials and has demonstrated great promise across diverse applications in recent years. Motivated by urgent demands in disease diagnosis and therapy, bDNA has developed into a rapidly advancing field. In this review, the design strategies for synthesizing monomers of bDNA and their assembly into complex functional materials are summarized. The pivotal role of bDNA in disease diagnostics is presented, emphasizing its utility in detecting disease-related biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, we highlight the therapeutic applications of bDNA-based materials, such as hydrogels and microspheres, particularly in cancer treatment and the clinical translation of bDNA. Finally, the challenges and future directions for advancing bDNA technology in disease diagnosis and therapy are discussed, providing new insights into potential breakthroughs and their translational potential. These advances highlight the clinical translational potential of bDNA structures as powerful tools for disease diagnosis and treatment, offering promising avenues for improved disease detection and personalized therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 115683"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chunfa Chen , Xiaoyu Xia , Cheng Tian , Zhe Zhang , Jin Jin , Cheng Zhi Huang , Hua Zuo , Chengde Mao
{"title":"Design principles for construction of DNA-based nanostructures","authors":"Chunfa Chen , Xiaoyu Xia , Cheng Tian , Zhe Zhang , Jin Jin , Cheng Zhi Huang , Hua Zuo , Chengde Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNA nanotechnology, a cutting-edge field that constructs sophisticated DNA-based nanostructures by harnessing the unparalleled programmability of DNA, has evolved into a powerful tool for applications in therapy, biosensing, logic computation, and more. This review outlines the fundamental strategies for constructing DNA nanostructures, beginning with the design of basic building blocks such as small, symmetric tiles (e.g., DX and TX tiles, point star motifs, T-junctions), and extending to more complex, addressable scaffolds like DNA origami and single-stranded tile (SST) structures. Furthermore, it surveys extended arrays (1D/2D arrays, nanotubes, 3D crystals) formed through motif association, while introducing the computational potential of algorithmic self-assembly and the properties of DNA-based aggregates (hydrogels, liquid–liquid phase separation systems). The design and construction logic of DNA nanostructures, spanning from static to dynamic systems and from microscopic to macroscopic scales, is also elucidated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 115679"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144928454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarika A. Jadhav , Ankur J. Raval , Vandana B. Patravale
{"title":"Drug delivery, development, and technological aspects for peripheral drug eluting stents","authors":"Sarika A. Jadhav , Ankur J. Raval , Vandana B. Patravale","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug-eluting stents are the standard therapy for arterial occlusions, particularly in peripheral arterial disease, owing to their efficacy in mitigating in-stent restenosis, maintaining favorable biocompatibility, and improving patient compliance. Their performance can be enhanced through the integration of particulate systems, cytostatic agents, and biodegradable polymers. The complexities associated with chronic disease progression, recurrent in-stent restenosis, the impracticality of long-term animal studies, and the absence of United States Food and Drug Administration-endorsed <em>in vitro</em> drug release protocols for peripheral drug-eluting stents underscore the need for modified strategies and accelerated <em>in vitro</em> release testing as a quality control strategy. In addition to <em>in vitro</em> drug release, other critical evaluation parameters for coated stents include coating uniformity, thickness, drug content, biodegradability, particulate matter, and sterility testing. Ethylene oxide is the most widely used method for the sterilization of drug-eluting stents. Despite their clinical significance, standardized regulatory guidelines and a unified scientific framework for stability testing remain limited. This review provides a comprehensive overview of drug delivery strategies for peripheral drug-eluting stents, coating methodologies, evaluation criteria, <em>in vitro</em> drug release and permeation studies, preclinical animal models, drug release correlations, and stability considerations, along with perspectives on future advancements and opportunities in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 115678"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144915614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weihong Yang , Chunyan Ran , Xinran Lian , Zehua Wang , Zhen Du , Tao Bing , Yu Zhang , Weihong Tan
{"title":"Aptamer-based targeted drug delivery and disease therapy in preclinical and clinical applications","authors":"Weihong Yang , Chunyan Ran , Xinran Lian , Zehua Wang , Zhen Du , Tao Bing , Yu Zhang , Weihong Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of precision medicine has created an urgent need for advanced drug-targeting strategies and refined drug delivery systems. Aptamers, characterized by their exceptional affinity and specificity, low molecular weight, negligible immunogenicity, remarkable stability, cost-effectiveness, and structural versatility, are emerging as promising candidates in targeted therapeutics, both in preclinical research and clinical applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in aptamer-based therapeutic strategies, encompassing three key application domains: direct therapeutic agents, targeted ligand engineering, and controlled drug release. We will summarize the preclinical applications of aptamers for various disease therapies, including eye disorders, cancers, coagulation, and inflammation. Particular emphasis is placed on emerging clinical-stage aptamer therapeutics undergoing rigorous evaluation for these diseases. Furthermore, we will discuss the potential challenges and unlimited opportunities for the clinical transformation and commercialization of aptamers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 115680"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jihoon Won , Seunghye Cho , Kyoung-Ran Kim , Sehoon Kim , Dae-Ro Ahn
{"title":"Engineering in vivo behavior of DNA nanostructures toward organ-targeted drug delivery","authors":"Jihoon Won , Seunghye Cho , Kyoung-Ran Kim , Sehoon Kim , Dae-Ro Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNA nanostructures have emerged as programmable and biocompatible platforms for drug delivery, offering precise control over size, shape, and surface properties. Recent advances have demonstrated their potential for organ-targeted delivery by utilizing ligand conjugation, structural engineering, and modulation of protein corona composition. Despite their promise, key challenges remain in predicting organ specificity and ensuring structural stability in vivo. This review provides a comprehensive overview of DNA nanostructures that have demonstrated organ-specific drug delivery, with emphasis on biodistribution profiles, in vivo targeting strategies, and the influence of physicochemical and biological barriers. We also highlight recent insights into corona-assisted targeting and administration route-dependent distribution, outlining strategies to enhance translational potential. Finally, we discuss critical challenges and future directions for clinical application of DNA nanostructures as targeted nanocarriers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115682"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144915619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multivalent engineering of bio interfaces with DNA-based nanomaterials","authors":"Shujie Li , Yameng Lou , Maartje M.C. Bastings","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In biology, function rarely depends on a single binding event. Whether it’s cell signaling, immune recognition, or adhesion, most processes rely on a critical density of interactions that occur simultaneously and in close proximity. This multivalency ensures robustness, specificity, and tunability, features that single-molecule targeting approaches often fail to replicate. As a result, there is growing interest in engineering multivalent systems that can mimic or exploit these natural interaction patterns at biointerfaces. DNA-based nanomaterials, with their precise programmability and structural control, have emerged as powerful tools in this space. They enable the spatial organization of ligands at nanometer resolution, not only enhancing binding avidity but also allowing for the design of geometry-dependent and context-sensitive targeting strategies. This capability marks a conceptual shift from traditional multivalent binding toward what we define here as <em>multivalent engineering</em>: the deliberate spatial programming of ligand arrangements to control biological outcomes based on receptor organization, density, and local context. This review discusses the fundamental principles of multivalency at biointerfaces, highlights recent advances in DNA-enabled design strategies, and explores how this emerging framework of multivalent engineering is driving new applications in diagnostics, therapeutics, and synthetic biology. We also outline the major challenges that must be addressed to realize the full potential of these systems in complex in vivo environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115681"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}