Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior最新文献

{"title":"Associations between retinal microvasculature and cognition in middle-aged adults with type 1 diabetes without overt neurological symptoms","authors":"Iiris Kyläheiko ,&nbsp;Aleksi Tarkkonen ,&nbsp;Linda Kuusela ,&nbsp;Juha Martola ,&nbsp;Teemu I. Paajanen ,&nbsp;Jussi Virkkala ,&nbsp;Ward Fickweiler ,&nbsp;George L. King ,&nbsp;Jennifer K. Sun ,&nbsp;Joni A. Turunen ,&nbsp;Marika I. Eriksson ,&nbsp;Per-Henrik Groop ,&nbsp;Lena M. Thorn ,&nbsp;Turgut Tatlisumak ,&nbsp;Jukka Putaala ,&nbsp;Hanna Jokinen ,&nbsp;Daniel Gordin ,&nbsp;FinnDiane Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Type 1 diabetes is a risk factor for retinal microvascular pathology, cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), and cognitive deficits. In older individuals with type 1 diabetes, decreased vessel densities of superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) retinal capillary plexuses have been associated with cognitive impairment. We assessed whether these associations are already evident in midlife among individuals without overt neurological symptoms. We also investigated whether cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), manifestations of cSVD, modify these associations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We measured vessel density of the SCP and DCP, and area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in macular 3×3 mm optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images and performed a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and brain MRI in 153 adults with type 1 diabetes (age 46.4±7.5 years, diabetes duration 30.7±10.1 years).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In univariate analyses, SCP, DCP, and FAZ were related to measures of processing speed and executive functions (standardized <em>β</em> ranged from –0.29 to –0.19, <em>p</em>-values from &lt;0.001 to 0.018). However, after adjusting for age and relevant clinical markers, only association between FAZ and a sensitive working memory task (standardized <em>β</em>=–0.25, <em>p</em>&lt;0.05) remained significant. In interaction analyses, CMBs and WMHs did not modify these associations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Enlarged FAZ was associated with poorer working memory performance independently of confounding factors. Otherwise, age largely explained the associations between retinal microvascular structure and cognition in middle-aged individuals with type 1 diabetes without any overt neurological symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147600029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on the Hungarian Oxford Cognitive Screen in post-stroke cognitive care","authors":"Polona Rus Prelog ,&nbsp;Matija Zupan ,&nbsp;Senta Frol","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100539","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147600028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevance of cerebral microbleeds with leaky blood brain barrier in traumatic brain injury and protective role of interferon-gamma: A cohort study","authors":"Xuan Vinh To ,&nbsp;Javier Urriola ,&nbsp;Viktor Vegh ,&nbsp;Patrick Donnelly ,&nbsp;Liam Maclachlan ,&nbsp;Kate Mahady ,&nbsp;Eduardo Miguel Apellaniz ,&nbsp;Ryan Lim ,&nbsp;Guido Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Ricardo Wenger ,&nbsp;Paul Cumming ,&nbsp;Craig Winter ,&nbsp;Fatima Nasrallah","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), which present as foci of hypointensities on T2*-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are associated with weakened vessel walls. CMBs are also a frequent finding in traumatic brain injury (TBI) in association with poor outcome. We investigated whether a combination of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI could accurately identify characteristics of CMBs that are most relevant to TBI.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Thirty TBI patients were recruited from a neurosurgical unit. We acquired structural three-dimensional T1-weighted, T2-weighted dark fluid, SWI, and DCE-MRI images on a 3T MRI. DCE-MRI data was fitted for a linear graphic (Patlak-Gjedde) model to calculate voxel-wise volume transfer constant (K^trans) maps. K^trans ranges of normal-appearing brain (NAB) areas were quantified and two sub-classes of CMBs—leaky and non-leaky CMBs—were identified. Characteristics and spatial distribution of the quantified imaging metrics and the immunological blood panel results were then compared across mild versus moderate–severe TBI groups, as classified by Glasgow Coma Scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>More severe TBI was associated with CMBs exhibiting leaky BBB as quantified by DCE-MRI. Higher blood levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were associated with lower number of CMBs in TBI patients at more than 8 days post-TBI.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>combined DCE-MRI and SWI confirmed that CMBs with leaky BBBs are more prevalent in moderate-severe TBIs compared. Higher levels of IFN-γ appeared to have been associated with fewer CMBs in the sub-acute stage of TBI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Relevance of cerebral microbleeds with leaky blood brain barrier in traumatic brain injury and protective role of interferon-gamma: A cohort study”","authors":"Sangameshwar Manikya ,&nbsp;Varshini Vadhithala ,&nbsp;Rajnish Kumar ,&nbsp;Pankaj Nainwal","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100541","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The need for post-stroke cognitive screening - the rationale behind the Hungarian adaptation of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) and its pilot study","authors":"Tímea Tünde Takács ,&nbsp;Judit Kárpáti ,&nbsp;Edina Szabó ,&nbsp;Károlyné Pálvölgyi ,&nbsp;Panna Pálinkás ,&nbsp;Orsolya Antal ,&nbsp;Júlia Baross ,&nbsp;Bernadett Bruckner ,&nbsp;Sam Webb ,&nbsp;Nele Demeyere ,&nbsp;Bence Gunda","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a frequent yet underdiagnosed consequence of stroke, with significant implications for quality of life, functional outcomes and long-term prognosis. Despite its importance, cognitive screening remains insufficiently integrated into post-stroke care protocols, particularly in Hungary.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to adapt and pilot the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) for Hungarian stroke patients, addressing the urgent need for a culturally and linguistically appropriate, stroke-specific cognitive screening tool that is freely available in Hungarian.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Hungarian adaptation followed a rigorous 11-step linguistic validation process, including cultural adaptation, forward and back translations, reviews, and pilot testing. Ten stroke patients at Semmelweis University were assessed using the adapted OCS within three weeks of symptom onset. Data on test performance, feasibility, and patient feedback were collected from 10 pilot patients and 6 examiners.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The adaptation and pilot testing process, completed in approximately three months, confirmed the usability of the tool, with most patients finding it engaging. The median number of impaired tasks was two. No major issues arose, and the tool was well received by both patients and examiners.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Hungarian version of the OCS offers a practical, user-friendly cognitive screening tool tailored for stroke patients. Its implementation could enhance early detection of PSCI, improve patient safety by supporting targeted rehabilitation, and ultimately contribute to better long-term outcomes. This initiative represents a foundational step toward integrating cognitive screening into stroke protocols in Hungary, addressing a significant gap in rehabilitation and healthcare equity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracranial arterial calcification and cerebrovascular function in the general aging population – A 7T MRI Study","authors":"Anna M. Streiber ,&nbsp;Carmen Kuenen ,&nbsp;Stanley D.T. Pham ,&nbsp;Julia Neitzel ,&nbsp;Daniel Bos ,&nbsp;Jeroen C.W. Siero ,&nbsp;Jaco J.M. Zwanenburg ,&nbsp;Nikki Dieleman ,&nbsp;Geert Jan Biessels ,&nbsp;Meike W. Vernooij","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intracranial arteriosclerosis may impair downstream cerebrovascular function, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using 7T MRI, we investigate the association between intracranial arteriosclerosis and cerebrovascular function in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and in downstream small perforating arteries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 195 Rotterdam Study participants (43.6% female, average age 70.8 years (± 4.52 years)) who previously underwent a non-contrast CT on which we measured intracranial carotid artery calcification (ICAC) and vertebral artery calcification (VAC) as hallmarks of intracranial arteriosclerosis. Participants underwent a 7T brain MRI to assess blood flow velocity and pulsatility in the MCA and small perforating arteries as well as whole-brain cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). We assessed the relationship between intracranial arteriosclerosis and vessel function using linear regression and linear mixed models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ICAC and VAC presence and burden were associated with higher pulsatility but not blood flow velocity in the MCA (e.g. β_{ICAC presence}: 0.07 [95% Confidence interval: 0.02, 0.13]). There was no statistically significant association with CVR, pulsatility, and blood flow velocity in the small perforating arteries.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this cohort, intracranial arterial calcification was associated with increased MCA pulsatility, suggesting a localized impact on cerebrovascular hemodynamics. Associations with CVR and perforating artery flow velocity and pulsatility did not reach statistical significance. Thus, larger studies are needed to determine whether subtle effects exist.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in documented clinical features of memory clinic patients: a natural language processing study","authors":"Sanne Kuipers ,&nbsp;L. Malin Overmars ,&nbsp;Bram van Es ,&nbsp;Sander C. Tan ,&nbsp;Jet M.J. Vonk ,&nbsp;Majon Muller ,&nbsp;Mark C.H. de Groot ,&nbsp;Wouter W. van Solinge ,&nbsp;Saskia Haitjema ,&nbsp;Michiel L. Bots ,&nbsp;Geert Jan Biessels ,&nbsp;Lieza G. Exalto","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Sex differences in signs and symptoms of cognitive impairment are well described in research cohorts, but whether they are reflected in routine clinical documentation is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We applied natural language processing to clinical letters from 915 memory clinic patients in the Utrecht Patient-Oriented Database. Sex differences in documented clinical features were assessed with logistic regression, with and without age adjustment. Benjamini–Hochberg correction was applied for multiple comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 1036 clinical letters from 915 patients (47% women; mean age 66 ± 14 vs. 67 ± 13 years, p = 0.6). The most common clinical features were memory problems (56.5% overall) and forgetting intended actions (49.6%). After correction for multiple comparisons, no significant sex differences remained. At the nominal level, women more often had documentation of stress (OR 0.39), headache (OR 0.63), and calendar use for memory support (OR 0.66); men more often had documentation of getting angry easily (OR 1.72) and short-term memory problems (OR 1.70).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This exploratory study identified suggestive but non-significant sex differences in documented clinical features in memory clinic practice. Differences may reflect variation in occurrence, reporting, or documentation habits, and warrant replication in larger, diagnosis-stratified samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollution in relation to brain health indicators and global cognitive functioning in people with cardiovascular disorders along the heart-brain axis","authors":"Erik J. Timmermans ,&nbsp;Esther E. Bron ,&nbsp;Michiel L. Bots ,&nbsp;Anna E. Leeuwis ,&nbsp;Justine E.F. Moonen ,&nbsp;Frank J. Wolters ,&nbsp;Geert Jan Biessels ,&nbsp;Ilonca Vaartjes ,&nbsp;Heart-Brain Connection Consortium","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is increasing evidence of an inverse relationship between air pollution and cognitive functioning. Yet, the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship remain underexplored in healthy and vulnerable populations. This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between air pollution and global cognitive functioning in individuals without or with heart failure, carotid occlusive disease, or vascular cognitive impairment. We also assessed whether the cross-sectional associations were mediated by white matter hyperintensities (WMH), total brain volume (TBV), and cerebral blood flow (CBF). The cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses included data from 341 and 180 Heart-Brain Study participants, respectively. Cognitive functioning was measured using neuropsychological tests at baseline and two-year follow-up. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging provided WMH and TBV in mL, and CBF in mL/100g/min. WMH and TBV were divided by total intracranial volume. Annual average outdoor concentrations of particulate matter with diameters &lt;2.5 µm and &lt;10.0 µm, and nitrogen dioxide in µg/m³ in residential six-digit postal code areas were linked to participants at baseline. Adjusted multi-level regression analyses showed no significant cross-sectional or longitudinal associations between air pollution and global cognitive functioning. The associations between air pollutants and global cognitive functioning were not significantly mediated by WMH, TBV, and CBF. In this study, air pollution was not associated with global cognitive functioning or brain health indicators in healthy individuals and those with cardiovascular disorders along the heart-brain axis. Larger studies with longer follow-up periods are warranted to extend the present findings and to further elucidate potential associations between air pollution, cognition, and the underlying biological mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response on the commentary on “Relevance of cerebral microbleeds with leaky blood brain barrier in traumatic brain injury and protective role of interferon-gamma: a cohort study”","authors":"Xuan Vinh To ,&nbsp;Fatima Nasrallah","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100540","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arterial spin labeling MRI in CADASIL: Implications for cerebral small vessel disease and therapeutic trials","authors":"Masafumi Ihara ,&nbsp;Satoshi Saito ,&nbsp;Satoru Fujiwara ,&nbsp;Tomotaka Tanaka ,&nbsp;Toshihiko Aso","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a major cause of lacunar stroke, vascular cognitive impairment, and gait disturbance, yet the development of disease-modifying therapies is limited by the lack of robust, non-invasive biomarkers of microvascular pathology. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI enables quantitative, non-invasive, contrast-free measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and is well suited for longitudinal studies. In routine clinical and research practice, single-delay three-dimensional pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) with an appropriately long post-labeling delay is the workhorse implementation and has already been applied in several CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) and hereditary CSVD cohorts, while more advanced approaches such as multi-delay ASL and diffusion-prepared pCASL can additionally probe arterial transit time (ATT) and blood–brain barrier (BBB) water exchange. CADASIL, caused by pathogenic <em>NOTCH3</em> variants, is a prototypical monogenic CSVD with relatively low etiologic heterogeneity, providing a powerful clinical model in which to study microvascular dysfunction and trial-ready imaging markers. In this review, we synthesize data on ASL in CADASIL, including relationships between CBF, cognition, and lesion burden, evidence from acute encephalopathic episodes, and emerging work on ATT and BBB water exchange. We further compare perfusion profiles across monogenic (<em>HTRA1</em>-related CSVD, Fabry disease) and sporadic CSVD, and discuss how ASL-derived measures—CBF, ATT, and BBB water exchange rate—can be incorporated as imaging endpoints in CADASIL therapeutic trials. In particular, standardized single-delay three-dimensional pCASL provides a practical, scalable method to quantify regional CBF as a primary perfusion endpoint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}