Brain, behavior, & immunity - health最新文献

{"title":"Targeting the P2X7 receptor signaling pathway: Unlocking therapeutic strategies for autism spectrum disorder","authors":"Chetana Ahire,&nbsp;Ginpreet Kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common developmental neurological disorder that has a significant genetic predisposition and is marked by an early beginning of impairment of social communication and restricted repetitive behaviors, as well as loss of interest in activities. Though it is a common condition, pathogenetic mechanisms and etiologic foundations are still unclear; diagnostic strategies and treatments remain inadequate and restricted. Hence, there is an ongoing need to develop safer and more effective therapeutic strategies. Recent findings indicate P2X7 receptor upregulation plays a key role in ASD development through multiple pathological mechanisms, including maternal immune activation, mitochondrial dysfunctioning, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. When ATP from outside the cell attaches to P2X7 receptors, it opens channels that let sodium, calcium, and potassium flow in and out of the cell. Long-term receptor stimulation generates large pores in the membrane, potentially facilitating apoptotic and inflammatory mechanisms. So, based on studies using drugs that block the P2X7 receptor and genetic methods, stopping the P2X7 receptor appears to improve the harmful effects related to ASD. So, the therapeutic lead is the brain-permeable P2X7 receptor antagonists that deserve more complete clinical validation.</div><div>This review discusses how the P2X7 receptor is involved in the development of ASD and looks at possible drug strategies to slow down the disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining links between daily stressor appraisals and C-reactive protein levels in Black and White women: The National Growth and Health Study","authors":"Sarah E. Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Joanna Y. Guan ,&nbsp;Meital Mashash ,&nbsp;Elissa J. Hamlat ,&nbsp;Mahasin S. Mujahid ,&nbsp;A. Janet Tomiyama ,&nbsp;Barbara A. Laraia ,&nbsp;Elissa S. Epel ,&nbsp;Stefanie E. Mayer","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Racial disparities in health have reached a critical juncture, particularly between Black and White individuals. Inflammation and daily stress have been proposed as biopsychological pathways. However, studies examining links between inflammation and individuals' appraisals of daily stressors—which are modifiable and could be intervention targets—have been limited in diverse populations. This study investigated these associations in a sample of Black and White women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Midlife women (159 Black, 163 White) were part of a prospective cohort study in which they completed daily evening diaries assessing appraisals of daily stressor demands and coping efficacy (feeling in control, efficacious, resourceful). Participants also provided a fasting blood sample which was assessed for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a systemic inflammatory marker. Multiple linear regression models examined associations between race, daily stressor appraisals, and interactions with hs-CRP, controlling for education, income, and body mass index. Race-stratified models were also examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The interaction between race and coping efficacy, but not stressor demands, was significantly associated with hs-CRP. Specifically, more positive appraisal of coping efficacy was linked with lower hs-CRP levels in White women (<em>Beta</em> = −0.147, <em>p</em> = .024), but not in Black women (<em>Beta</em> = 0.078, <em>p</em> = .226).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>For White women, greater perceived coping efficacy with daily stressors may buffer stress-related inflammation, providing a promising intervention target. Given the scarcity of daily stress research with diverse samples, we need to better measure and understand these relationships in Black samples and other racial and ethnic groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101035"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of autoimmune-associated exogenous psychoses in routine clinical care","authors":"Maria Buthut ,&nbsp;David Haslacher ,&nbsp;Surjo R. Soekadar ,&nbsp;Felix Machleid ,&nbsp;Jakob Kaminski ,&nbsp;Philipp Reber ,&nbsp;Johanna Schoener ,&nbsp;Anna Pichler ,&nbsp;Moritz Thiele ,&nbsp;Jochen Michely ,&nbsp;Helle Foverskov-Rasmussen ,&nbsp;Irina Baskow ,&nbsp;Verena Rösgen-Petzold ,&nbsp;Harald Prüss ,&nbsp;Matthias Endres ,&nbsp;Lasse Brandt ,&nbsp;Andreas Heinz","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Psychosis occurs in a wide spectrum of mental and somatic disorders, with autoimmune processes being a potentially underdiagnosed cause. Clinical warning-signs can help identifying autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) or psychosis (AIP). Here we evaluated warning-signs and biomarkers in patients experiencing acute psychotic episodes who were admitted to inner-city sectorized care with a focus on identifying autoimmune causes of psychosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data obtained from routine clinical care, including blood, urine, CSF, EEG, and MRI when available. CSF-analysis included screening for antineuronal autoantibodies using commercial antibody screening (CAS) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFT). Origin of psychosis was defined according to patients’ discharge diagnosis (ICD-10 criteria).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Within 39 months, 352 participants were included, 114 of them experienced their first episode of psychosis (FEP). In 139 patients, psychotic symptoms were attributed to exogenous origin (F0: N = 90; F1: N = 48), the others were diagnosed with categories F2, F3 and F4. Among the 139 patients, 3 patients had pleocytosis or other CSF abnormalities. CAS was positive in two patients in CSF, leading to a confirmed diagnose of AIP in only one case while evaluated as unspecific in the other. IFT determined the prevalence of IgG-autoantibodies in CSF in four patients, who had FEP. Symptoms improved following immunotherapy in three of the four diagnosed patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CSF analysis suggested four cases with AIP, with only one detected through commercial assays. Despite the rather low prevalence of AIP in this community sample, the availability of specific treatment options underscores the importance of further research regarding in-depth diagnostic evaluation for autoimmune processes in patients with acute psychosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of the anti-CASPR2 autoantibody in patients with somatic symptom disorder accompanied by medically unexplained pain","authors":"Shingo Katayama ,&nbsp;Gayatri Nayanar ,&nbsp;Takayuki Suga ,&nbsp;Motoko Watanabe ,&nbsp;Chihiro Takao ,&nbsp;Yojiro Umezaki ,&nbsp;Hidehiko Takahashi ,&nbsp;Akira Toyofuku ,&nbsp;Hiroki Shiwaku","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) with pain are classified as somatic symptom disorder (SSD) with pain in the field of psychiatry, although an undetected biological basis may underlie at least some of these cases. One such candidate etiology is autoantibodies. Autoantibody etiologies are suspected in MUS with pain, including fibromyalgia, which is highly related to SSD accompanied with pain. Furthermore, autoantibodies against contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) are known to induce neuropathy and pain, yet no study has examined the prevalence or clinical significance of anti-CASPR2 autoantibodies in patients with SSD accompanied with pain. Thus, the current study aims to investigate the seroprevalence of the anti-CASPR2 autoantibody among patients with SSD accompanied with pain and their associations with disease characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The serum samples obtained from 264 patients with SSD accompanied with pain and 260 healthy controls were screened for anti-CASPR2 autoantibodies using a cell-based assay. Among the 264 patients enrolled, 231 with oral dysesthesia (including oral cenesthopathy) were assessed for clinical symptom severity using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 264 patients, 18 (6.8 %) tested seropositive for anti-CASPR2 autoantibodies. Among the 231 patients with oral dysesthesia, 12 (5.4 %) were positive for anti-CASPR2 autoantibodies. These patients with oral dysesthesia who were positive for anti-CASPR2 autoantibody reported significantly higher SSS-8 scores than those who were negative for autoantibody.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Among patients with SSD accompanied with medically unexplained pain, a small subgroup was seropositive for anti-CASPR2 autoantibodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101036"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olfactory impairment associated with reduced physical capacity 24 months after COVID-19","authors":"Christoffer Granvik ,&nbsp;Alicia Lind ,&nbsp;Guilherme W.F. Barros ,&nbsp;Clas Ahlm ,&nbsp;Sara Anderson ,&nbsp;Linus Andersson ,&nbsp;Johan Normark","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Olfactory impairment has been associated with adverse health outcomes, particularly in older populations, including cognitive decline, malnutrition, and frailty. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted olfactory impairment as a key symptom affecting individuals across all age groups, raising concerns about its long-term impacts. This study investigates the association between post-acute olfactory impairment and long-term physical capacity in COVID-19 patients, hypothesizing that impaired olfaction is linked to reduced physical performance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort study included 63 hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients (38.1 % women; median age 51 years, IQR 47.0–60.0) who underwent olfactory testing 1–3 months post-infection. Olfactory assessments included threshold screening, supra-threshold intensity ratings, and an odour identification test. Physical capacity was assessed using the 1-min sit-to-stand test at follow-ups (3, 6, 12, and 24 months). Partial correlation analysis and linear mixed models were used to analyse the data, adjusting for covariates such as age, sex, BMI, comorbidities, smoking status, and severity of infection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the early post-acute phase, 36.5 % of participants exhibited olfactory impairment. We identified a significant, negative correlation between objectively tested olfactory impairment and physical capacity at all follow-ups. In a linear mixed model adjusted for relevant covariates, olfactory impairment was associated with reduced physical capacity up to 24 months after infection. The association strengthened over time, reflected by the increasing beta values for the interaction term: 0.09 (p = 0.200) at 6 months, 0.13 (p = 0.053) at 12 months, and 0.23 (p = 0.001) at 24 months.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Individuals with olfactory impairment in the early post-acute phase of COVID-19 infection were more likely to exhibit diminished physical capacity 24 months later. This study highlights the broader implications of olfactory impairment, previously noted mainly in older populations, demonstrating its relevance across age groups. The COVID-19 pandemic presented a unique opportunity to investigate this relationship, enhancing our understanding of how olfactory impairments relate to long-term physical performance. These findings emphasize the need for further research with larger, more diverse cohorts and objective longitudinal assessments to confirm and extend these observations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101032"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical exercise to rebalance kynurenine metabolism in borderline personality disorder – Preliminary findings","authors":"F. Javelle ,&nbsp;W. Bloch ,&nbsp;K. Koppe ,&nbsp;S. Krombholz ,&nbsp;M. Thevis ,&nbsp;L. Wanka ,&nbsp;H. Zoche ,&nbsp;A. Philipsen ,&nbsp;A. Mehren","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Systemic inflammation and dysregulated kynurenine (KYN) metabolism are increasingly recognised as key factors in various psychiatric disorders. Imbalances in the KYN pathway are associated with psychological and cognitive symptoms across disorders like depression and schizophrenia, yet remain unexplored in borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study is the first to compare KYN metabolism together with the myokine IL-6 in BPD patients and healthy controls and to examine acute exercise effects on this pathway in BPD. Fourteen patients with BPD and nine controls participated in two experimental conditions: cycling exercise and a control session. Serum samples were analysed for tryptophan (TRP), KYN, kynurenic acid (KA), and quinolinic acid (QA). Results revealed greater QA/KYN and lower KA/KYN and KA/QA ratios in BPD, indicating a shift toward the neurotoxic branch. Acute exercise increased KA, KA/KYN, KA/QA, and IL-6 levels, highlighting its potential to enhance neuroprotective KYN activity. These findings suggest KYN pathway dysregulation in BPD and support physical exercise as a promising intervention to rebalance this pathway. Further research should investigate long-term exercise effects and their impact on psychological outcomes in BPD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral blood transcriptomic differences predict depression status in individuals undergoing bariatric surgery","authors":"Rebecca Milton ,&nbsp;Anna P. McLaughlin ,&nbsp;Nicole Mariani ,&nbsp;Melisa Kose ,&nbsp;Zuzanna Zajkowska ,&nbsp;Giulia Lombardo ,&nbsp;Naghmeh Nikkheslat ,&nbsp;Esperanza Perucha ,&nbsp;Valeria Mondelli","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>More than one third of candidates for bariatric surgery suffer with clinical depression. Significant reduction in depression following bariatric surgery has been shown, but this is not consistent for all patients. The biological mechanisms behind the association between obesity and depression and behind persistent/remitted depression post-surgery remain unclear. This study aimed to identify potential biological mechanisms involved in this association. As part of the longitudinal observational bariatric surgery and depression (BARIDEP) study, blood samples were collected from individuals prior to bariatric surgery. For this study we selected n = 29 subjects (from the original sample of n = 85 participants) based on their Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) scale scores at baseline and at 6 months post-surgery and grouped them as controls (n = 10), persistent depression (n = 7) or remission (n = 12). Participants were selected to be matched for age, sex and BMI. RNA was extracted and bulk RNAseq was performed. Data were analysed for differential expression and gene set enrichment across the 3 groups of interest. Analysis of the differential gene expression showed seven genes differentially expressed across the three groups, with genes mainly involved in immune activation or synaptic function. The greatest differences were found between the persistent and remitting depression groups, despite both experiencing clinical depression at the time of sample collection. Our data show distinct baseline gene expression and gene enrichment suggesting different immune and metabolic mechanisms possibly involved in persistent vs remitting depression post-bariatric surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101029"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity, cardiometabolic, and inflammatory factors in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders","authors":"Vladislav Yakimov ,&nbsp;Iris Jäger ,&nbsp;Lukas Roell ,&nbsp;Emanuel Boudriot ,&nbsp;Verena Meisinger ,&nbsp;Mattia Campana ,&nbsp;Lenka Krčmář ,&nbsp;Sean Halstead ,&nbsp;Nicola Warren ,&nbsp;Dan Siskind ,&nbsp;Isabel Maurus ,&nbsp;Alkomiet Hasan ,&nbsp;Peter Falkai ,&nbsp;Andrea Schmitt ,&nbsp;Florian J. Raabe ,&nbsp;Daniel Keeser ,&nbsp;CDP-Working Group ,&nbsp;Elias Wagner ,&nbsp;Joanna Moussiopoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) is impaired in a substantial proportion of individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD). Even though disruption of the BCB is associated with higher symptom severity, factors linked to BCB disruption in SSDs have been minimally investigated.</div><div>To address this gap, 57 inpatients with SSD underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood analyses, and comprehensive clinical assessments. In a subgroup of 28 participants, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. We developed a BCB dysfunction score, employing principal component analysis of CSF/serum albumin, CSF/serum IgG ratios, and total protein levels in CSF, with higher values indicating stronger abnormalities. Bayesian linear and logistic regression models were calculated to explore the associations between BCB integrity and cardiometabolic, inflammatory, cerebroventricular, and clinical measures.</div><div>Our results indicated very strong evidence for a negative association between the BCB dysfunction score and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as extreme evidence for positive associations between the BCB dysfunction score and total, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Furthermore, there was moderate evidence of a positive association between BCB dysfunction score and treatment resistance. We did not find evidence of associations between the BCB composite score and any other assessed cardiometabolic, inflammatory, or cerebroventricular measures.</div><div>These findings suggest that BCB integrity is associated with dyslipidemia and treatment resistance in SSD, highlighting the interplay between cardiometabolic risk factors and brain health in SSD. Addressing cardiometabolic health in individuals with SSD could influence the integrity of the BCB and, consequently, clinical trajectories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptin and inflammatory pathways in the Alzheimer's disease continuum: Implications for glial activation and neuropsychiatric symptoms","authors":"Fumihiko Yasuno ,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Nakagome ,&nbsp;Yoshie Omachi ,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Kimura ,&nbsp;Aya Ogata ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Ikenuma ,&nbsp;Junichiro Abe ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Minami ,&nbsp;Takashi Nihashi ,&nbsp;Kastunori Yokoi ,&nbsp;Saori Hattori ,&nbsp;Nobuyoshi Shimoda ,&nbsp;Kensaku Kasuga ,&nbsp;Takeshi Ikeuchi ,&nbsp;Akinori Takeda ,&nbsp;Takashi Sakurai ,&nbsp;Kengo Ito ,&nbsp;Takashi Kato","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Chronic peripheral inflammation triggered by adipokine release may extend to the brain, potentially influencing the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). However, it remains unclear whether and how leptin contributes to the link between adipose tissue dysfunction and dementia. This study aims to investigate the role of leptin in the connection between adipose-derived inflammatory signaling and cognitive impairment/NPS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Path analysis was employed to explore how leptin relates to the association between adipose-related metabolic dysfunction and dementia through inflammatory pathways in patients with AD pathology (n = 15). Variables included plasma leptin concentration, body mass index (BMI) as a marker of adiposity, and in vivo assessments of regional neuroinflammation using translocator protein (TSPO)-PET imaging with the tracer ¹¹C-DPA-713 (¹¹C-DPA-713-binding potential [¹¹C-DPA-713-BP_ND]). Cognitive function was measured using the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Japanese Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-J cog), while NPS were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Regression analysis demonstrated that higher plasma leptin concentrations positively correlated with BMI and significantly predicted ¹¹C-DPA-713-BP_ND in the insula. Additionally, NPI-Q scores were associated with ¹¹C-DPA-713-BP_ND in the insula. Path analysis supported leptin's role linking adiposity to NPS through insular inflammation. The hypothesized model fit the data well under the null hypothesis [χ² (3) = 0.63, p = 0.89].</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>These findings underscore the relevance of exploring how leptin and adipose tissue dysfunction interact with neuroinflammatory processes in contributing to NPS in the patients in the AD continuum. Interventions targeting these interactions could represent promising avenues for managing NPS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101018"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culturally targeted messaging and racial equity in SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing by multiplex salivary measurement: Protocol overview of a SeroNet investigation","authors":"Todd Lucas ,&nbsp;Christopher D. Heaney ,&nbsp;Steve W. Granger ,&nbsp;Kent D. Key ,&nbsp;Maria Knight Lapinski ,&nbsp;Nicole Jones ,&nbsp;Nigel Paneth ,&nbsp;Ahnalee M. Brincks ,&nbsp;Anurag Dawadi ,&nbsp;Leah Maschino ,&nbsp;Lindsey Rose ,&nbsp;Monicia Summers ,&nbsp;Rachel Weisbrod ,&nbsp;Nora Pisanic ,&nbsp;Olivia Aspiras ,&nbsp;Stefan M.M. Goetz ,&nbsp;Douglas A. Granger","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Better understanding racial disparities observed during the COVID-19 pandemic can be aided by SARS-CoV-2 serology testing. However, racial minorities may be underrepresented in serosurveillance efforts not only due to lack of testing accessibility, but also due to hesitancy towards participating in antibody testing programs stemming from medical mistrust. We designed a randomized control trial to evaluate how non-invasive salivary antibody testing and culturally targeted communication might be used to promote racial equity in uptake of SARS-CoV-2 serology testing during the COVID-19 pandemic. To evaluate these approaches, we recruited African American and White American participants from Flint, Michigan. Participants viewed a novel, animated didactic video about SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing, with half of African Americans viewing a culturally targeted version. We measured cognitive and affective responses that indicated receptivity to SARS-CoV-2 serology testing. We also provided a non-invasive salivary antibody screening opportunity, and we measured screening uptake as a behavioral outcome. Finally, we measured baseline sociodemographic, psychological, and health factors that could affect these responses. In addition to evaluating health communication approaches, multiplex SARS-CoV-2 antibody profiles can be subsequently linked to prescreen measures, and to inflammatory markers that were concomitantly measured in whole saliva. Ultimately, we aim to reduce COVID-19 racial disparities and bolster future pandemic preparedness through promoting equity in understanding and uptake of serology testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101019"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}