Brain and neuroscience advances最新文献_第9页

Precommissural and postcommissural fornix microstructure in healthy aging and cognition. 健康老龄化和认知中的穹窿前和穹窿后微结构。

Brain and neuroscience advances Pub Date : 2020-01-22 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2398212819899316

Bethany M Coad, Emma Craig, Rebecca Louch, John P Aggleton, Seralynne D Vann, Claudia Metzler-Baddeley

{"title":"Precommissural and postcommissural fornix microstructure in healthy aging and cognition.","authors":"Bethany M Coad, Emma Craig, Rebecca Louch, John P Aggleton, Seralynne D Vann, Claudia Metzler-Baddeley","doi":"10.1177/2398212819899316","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2398212819899316","url":null,"abstract":"The fornix is a key tract of the hippocampal formation, whose status is presumed to contribute to age-related cognitive decline. The precommissural and postcommissural fornix subdivisions form respective basal forebrain/frontal and diencephalic networks that may differentially affect aging and cognition. We employed multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including neurite orientation density and dispersion imaging, quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT), and T1-relaxometry MRI to investigate the microstructural properties of these fornix subdivisions and their relationship with aging and cognition in 149 asymptomatic participants (38-71 years). Aging was associated with increased free water signal and reductions in myelin-sensitive R1 and qMT indices but no apparent axon density differences in both precommissural and postcommissural fibers. Precommissural relative to postcommissural fibers showed a distinct microstructural pattern characterised by larger free water signal and axon orientation dispersion, with lower apparent myelin and axon density. Furthermore, differences in postcommissural microstructure were related to performance differences in object-location paired-associate learning. These results provide novel in vivo neuroimaging evidence for distinct microstructural properties of precommissural and postcommissural fibers that are consistent with their anatomy as found in axonal tracer studies, as well as for a contribution of postcommissural fibers to the learning of spatial configurations.","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":"4 ","pages":"2398212819899316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7085915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37777895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organisation of cingulum bundle fibres connecting the anterior thalamic nuclei with the rodent anterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices 连接丘脑前核与啮齿动物前扣带和脾后皮质的扣带束纤维的组织

Brain and neuroscience advances Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2398212820957160

Emma J. Bubb, A. Nelson, Thomas C. Cozens, J. Aggleton

{"title":"Organisation of cingulum bundle fibres connecting the anterior thalamic nuclei with the rodent anterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices","authors":"Emma J. Bubb, A. Nelson, Thomas C. Cozens, J. Aggleton","doi":"10.1177/2398212820957160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2398212820957160","url":null,"abstract":"Despite considerable interest in the properties of the cingulum bundle, descriptions of the composition of this major pathway in the rodent brain have not kept pace with advances in tract tracing. Using complementary approaches in rats and mice, this study examined the dense, reciprocal connections the anterior thalamic nuclei have with the cingulate and retrosplenial cortices, connections thought to be major contributors to the rodent cingulum bundle. The rat data came from a mixture of fluorescent and viral tracers, some injected directly into the bundle. The mouse data were collated from the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas. The projections from the three major anterior thalamic nuclei occupied much of the external medullary stratum of the cingulum bundle, where they were concentrated in its more medial portions. These anterior thalamic projections formed a rostral-reaching basket of efferents prior to joining the cingulum bundle, with anteromedial efferents taking the most rostral routes, often reaching the genu of the corpus callosum, while anterodorsal efferents took the least rostral route. In contrast, the return cortico-anterior thalamic projections frequently crossed directly through the bundle or briefly joined the internal stratum of the cingulum bundle, often entering the internal capsule before reaching the anterior thalamus. These analyses confirm that anterior thalamic connections comprise an important component of the rodent cingulum bundle, while also demonstrating the very different routes used by thalamo-cortical and cortico-thalamic projections. This information reveals how the composition of the cingulum bundle alters along its length.","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2398212820957160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49455767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

A half century of γ-aminobutyric acid. γ-氨基丁酸的半个世纪。

Brain and neuroscience advances Pub Date : 2019-11-27 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2398212819858249

Trevor G Smart, F Anne Stephenson

{"title":"A half century of γ-aminobutyric acid.","authors":"Trevor G Smart, F Anne Stephenson","doi":"10.1177/2398212819858249","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2398212819858249","url":null,"abstract":"γ-aminobutyric acid has become one of the most widely known neurotransmitter molecules in the brain over the last 50 years, recognised for its pivotal role in inhibiting neural excitability. It emerged from studies of crustacean muscle and neurons before its significance to the mammalian nervous system was appreciated. Now, after five decades of investigation, we know that most neurons are γ-aminobutyric-acid-sensitive, it is a cornerstone of neural physiology and dysfunction to γ-aminobutyric acid signalling is increasingly documented in a range of neurological diseases. In this review, we briefly chart the neurodevelopment of γ-aminobutyric acid and its two major receptor subtypes: the γ-aminobutyric acidA and γ-aminobutyric acidB receptors, starting from the humble invertebrate origins of being an 'interesting molecule' acting at a single γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type, to one of the brain's most important neurochemical components and vital drug targets for major therapeutic classes of drugs. We document the period of molecular cloning and the explosive influence this had on the field of neuroscience and pharmacology up to the present day and the production of atomic γ-aminobutyric acidA and γ-aminobutyric acidB receptor structures. γ-Aminobutyric acid is no longer a humble molecule but the instigator of rich and powerful signalling processes that are absolutely vital for healthy brain function.","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":"3 ","pages":"2398212819858249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/a1/10.1177_2398212819858249.PMC7058221.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9458318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

G-protein αq gene expression plays a role in alcohol tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster. g蛋白αq基因表达在果蝇酒精耐受中起作用。

Brain and neuroscience advances Pub Date : 2019-11-01 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2398212819883081

Benjamin Aleyakpo, Oghenetega Umukoro, Ryan Kavlie, Daniel C Ranson, Andrew Thompsett, Olivia Corcoran, Stefano O Casalotti

{"title":"G-protein αq gene expression plays a role in alcohol tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster.","authors":"Benjamin Aleyakpo, Oghenetega Umukoro, Ryan Kavlie, Daniel C Ranson, Andrew Thompsett, Olivia Corcoran, Stefano O Casalotti","doi":"10.1177/2398212819883081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2398212819883081","url":null,"abstract":"Ethanol is a psychoactive substance causing both short- and long-term behavioural changes in humans and animal models. We have used the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the effect of ethanol exposure on the expression of the Gαq protein subunit. Repetitive exposure to ethanol causes a reduction in sensitivity (tolerance) to ethanol, which we have measured as the time for 50% of a set of flies to become sedated after exposure to ethanol (ST50). We demonstrate that the same treatment that induces an increase in ST50 over consecutive days (tolerance) also causes a decrease in Gαq protein subunit expression at both the messenger RNA and protein level. To identify whether there may be a causal relationship between these two outcomes, we have developed strains of flies in which Gαq messenger RNA expression is suppressed in a time- and tissue-specific manner. In these flies, the sensitivity to ethanol and the development of tolerance are altered. This work further supports the value of Drosophila as a model to dissect the molecular mechanisms of the behavioural response to alcohol and identifies G proteins as potentially important regulatory targets for alcohol use disorders.","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":" ","pages":"2398212819883081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2398212819883081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37732419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Trajectory of hippocampal fibres to the contralateral anterior thalamus and mammillary bodies in rats, mice, and macaque monkeys 大鼠、小鼠和猕猴海马纤维至对侧前丘脑和乳头体的轨迹

Brain and neuroscience advances Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/2398212819871205

M. L. Mathiasen, Rebecca C. Louch, A. Nelson, C. M. Dillingham, J. Aggleton

{"title":"Trajectory of hippocampal fibres to the contralateral anterior thalamus and mammillary bodies in rats, mice, and macaque monkeys","authors":"M. L. Mathiasen, Rebecca C. Louch, A. Nelson, C. M. Dillingham, J. Aggleton","doi":"10.1177/2398212819871205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2398212819871205","url":null,"abstract":"The routes by which the hippocampal formation projects bilaterally to the anterior thalamic nuclei and mammillary bodies were examined in the mouse, rat, and macaque monkey. Despite using different methods and different species, the principal pattern remained the same. For both target areas, the contralateral hippocampal (subiculum) projections arose via efferents in the postcommissural fornix ipsilateral to the tracer injection, which then crossed hemispheres both in or just prior to reaching the target site within the thalamus or hypothalamus. Precommissural fornix fibres could not be followed to the target areas. There was scant evidence that the ventral hippocampal commissure or decussating fornix fibres contribute to these crossed subiculum projections. Meanwhile, a small minority of postsubiculum projections in the mouse were seen to cross in the descending fornix at the level of the caudal septum to join the contralateral postcommissural fornix before reaching the anterior thalamus and lateral mammillary nucleus on that side. Although the rodent anterior thalamic nuclei also receive nonfornical inputs from the subiculum and postsubiculum via the ipsilateral internal capsule, few, if any, of these projections cross the midline. It was also apparent that nuclei within the head direction system (anterodorsal thalamic nucleus, laterodorsal thalamic nucleus, and lateral mammillary nucleus) receive far fewer crossed hippocampal inputs than the other anterior thalamic or mammillary nuclei. The present findings increase our understanding of the fornix and its component pathways while also informing disconnection analyses involving the hippocampal formation and diencephalon.","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2398212819871205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48984153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The genetics of neuropsychiatric disorders. 神经精神疾病的遗传学。

Brain and neuroscience advances Pub Date : 2019-05-30 Epub Date: 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.1177/2398212818799271

Nicholas J Bray, Michael C O'Donovan

引用次数: 58

Can the endocannabinoid receptor system reduce neuronal inflammation in arthritis 内源性大麻素受体系统能减轻关节炎的神经炎症吗

Brain and neuroscience advances Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.1177/2398212819855490

D. Gibson, E. Murray, S. Watterson

引用次数: 1

Persistent memories of long-term potentiation and the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. 长期增强的持久记忆和n -甲基-d-天冬氨酸受体。

Brain and neuroscience advances Pub Date : 2019-05-21 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2398212819848213

Tvp Bliss, G L Collingridge

引用次数: 24

Half a century of handedness research: Myths, truths; fictions, facts; backwards, but mostly forwards. 半个世纪的惯用手研究:神话，真相;小说,事实;向后，但主要是向前。

Brain and neuroscience advances Pub Date : 2019-05-06 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2398212818820513

Chris McManus

{"title":"Half a century of handedness research: Myths, truths; fictions, facts; backwards, but mostly forwards.","authors":"Chris McManus","doi":"10.1177/2398212818820513","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2398212818820513","url":null,"abstract":"Although most people are right-handed and have language in their left cerebral hemisphere, why that is so, and in particular why about ten per cent of people are left-handed, is far from clear. Multiple theories have been proposed, often with little in the way of empirical support, and sometimes indeed with strong evidence against them, and yet despite that have become modern urban myths, probably due to the symbolic power of right and left. One thinks in particular of ideas of being right-brained or left-brained, of suggestions that left-handedness is due to perinatal brain damage, of claims that left-handers die seven years earlier than right-handers, and of the unfalsifiable ramifications of the byzantine Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda theory. This article looks back over the past fifty years of research on brain asymmetries, exploring the different themes and approaches, sometimes in relation to the author's own work. Taking all of the work together it is probable that cerebral asymmetries are under genetic control, probably with multiple genetic loci, only a few of which are now beginning to be found thanks to very large databases that are becoming available. Other progress is also seen in proper meta-analyses, the use of fMRI for studying multiple functional lateralisations in large number of individuals, fetal ultra-sound for assessing handedness before birth, and fascinating studies of lateralisation in an ever widening range of animal species. With luck the next fifty years will make more progress and show fewer false directions than had much of the work in the previous fifty years.","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":" ","pages":"2398212818820513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2398212818820513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37733056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 48

Promoting and supporting credibility in neuroscience. 促进和支持神经科学的可信度。

Brain and neuroscience advances Pub Date : 2019-04-10 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2398212819844167

Guillaume A Rousselet, Georgina Hazell, Anne Cooke, Jeffrey W Dalley

引用次数: 0