BMJ clinical evidence最新文献_第8页

Epilepsy (generalised seizures). 癫痫（全身性癫痫发作）。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-04-17

J Helen Cross

{"title":"Epilepsy (generalised seizures).","authors":"J Helen Cross","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: About 3% of people will be diagnosed with epilepsy during their lifetime, but about 70% of people with epilepsy eventually go into remission.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of additional treatments in people with drug-resistant epilepsy characterised by generalised seizures? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to April 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found four studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety on the addition of the following interventions: lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, perampanel, and zonisamide versus the addition of placebo.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4400652/pdf/2015-1201.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33099821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chlamydia (uncomplicated, genital). 衣原体（不复杂，生殖器）。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-04-16

Megan Crofts, Paddy Horner

{"title":"Chlamydia (uncomplicated, genital).","authors":"Megan Crofts, Paddy Horner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Genital chlamydia is the most commonly reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection in developed countries. The majority of infections affect young adults under the age of 25 years.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of antibiotic treatment for men and non-pregnant women with uncomplicated genital chlamydial infection? What are the effects of antibiotic treatment for pregnant women with uncomplicated genital chlamydial infection? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to February 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found 26 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions - for men and non-pregnant women: antibiotics (single-dose) and antibiotics (multiple-dose regimens); for pregnant women: antibiotics (single-dose), erythromycin or amoxicillin (multiple-dose regimens), and clindamycin (multiple-dose regimens).","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4399547/pdf/2015-1607.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33222456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome in children. 儿童登革出血热或登革休克综合症。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-04-10

Marissa M Alejandria

{"title":"Dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome in children.","authors":"Marissa M Alejandria","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome are major causes of hospital admission and mortality in children.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of supportive treatments for dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome in children? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to March 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found nine studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: adding blood component transfusion to standard intravenous fluids; adding corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin to standard intravenous fluids; and crystalloids versus colloids.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4392842/pdf/2015-0917.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33204718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genital herpes: oral antiviral treatments. 生殖器疱疹:口服抗病毒治疗。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-04-08

Lisa M Hollier, Catherine Eppes

{"title":"Genital herpes: oral antiviral treatments.","authors":"Lisa M Hollier, Catherine Eppes","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Genital herpes is an infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2), and is among the most common sexually transmitted diseases.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of different oral antiviral treatments versus each other for a first episode of genital herpes in HIV-negative people? What are the effects of different antiviral treatments for genital herpes in HIV-positive people? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found eight studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: aciclovir, famciclovir, and valaciclovir.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4389798/pdf/2015-1603.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33199472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): metformin. 多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）：二甲双胍。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-03-27

David J Cahill, Katherine O'Brien

{"title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): metformin.","authors":"David J Cahill, Katherine O'Brien","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is classically characterised by an accumulation of incompletely developed follicles in the ovaries due to anovulation. However, since the publication of the Rotterdam criteria, there is acceptance that menstrual cycle and endocrine dysfunction with hyperandrogenism is more important in reaching the diagnosis than ultrasound findings. It is diagnosed in up to 10% of women attending gynaecology clinics, but the prevalence in the population as a whole varies from 10% to 20%, depending on which diagnostic criteria are used. PCOS has been associated with hirsutism, infertility, acne, weight gain, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and endometrial hyperplasia.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of metformin on hirsutism and menstrual frequency in women with PCOS? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to May 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found 14 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: metformin compared with placebo/no treatment, metformin compared with weight loss intervention, or metformin compared with cyproterone acetate-ethinylestradiol.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4375713/pdf/2015-1408.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33165947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vitiligo in adults and children: surgical interventions. 成人和儿童白癜风:手术干预。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-03-20

Rubeta Matin

{"title":"Vitiligo in adults and children: surgical interventions.","authors":"Rubeta Matin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Vitiligo is an acquired skin disorder characterised by white (depigmented) patches in the skin, due to the loss of functioning melanocytes. The extent and distribution of vitiligo often changes during the course of a person's lifetime and its progression is unpredictable.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of surgical interventions for vitiligo in adults and in children? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to April 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found four studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: blister grafts, cultured cellular transplantation, non-cultured cellular transplantation, punch/mini grafts, and split thickness skin grafts.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4371616/pdf/2015-1717.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33153769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gout. 痛风。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-03-19

Martin Underwood

{"title":"Gout.","authors":"Martin Underwood","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Gout affects about 5% of men and 1% of women, with up to 80% of people experiencing a recurrent attack within 3 years.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatments for acute gout? What are the effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors to prevent gout in people with prior acute episodes? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to September 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found 21 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: colchicine, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and xanthine oxidase inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4365763/pdf/2015-1120.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33024979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Candidiasis (vulvovaginal). 念珠菌感染（外阴阴道）。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-03-16

Juliana Ester Martin Lopez

{"title":"Candidiasis (vulvovaginal).","authors":"Juliana Ester Martin Lopez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is estimated to be the second most common cause of vaginitis after bacterial vaginosis. Candida albicans accounts for 85% to 90% of cases.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of drug treatments for acute vulvovaginal candidiasis in non-pregnant symptomatic women? What are the effects of alternative or complementary treatments for acute vulvovaginal candidiasis in non-pregnant symptomatic women? What are the effects of treating asymptomatic non-pregnant women with a positive swab for candidiasis? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found 23 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: alternative or complementary treatments; douching; drug treatments; garlic; intravaginal preparations (nystatin, imidazoles, tea tree oil); oral fluconazole; oral itraconazole; and yoghurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (oral or intravaginal).","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4360556/pdf/2015-0815.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33135778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perineal care. 会阴护理。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-03-10

Julie Frohlich, Christine Kettle

{"title":"Perineal care.","authors":"Julie Frohlich, Christine Kettle","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: More than 85% of women having a vaginal birth suffer some perineal trauma. Spontaneous tears requiring suturing are estimated to occur in at least one third of women in the UK and US. Perineal trauma can lead to long-term physical and psychological problems.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of different methods and materials for primary repair of first- and second-degree tears and episiotomies? What are the effects of different methods and materials for primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (third- and fourth-degree tears)? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to November 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found 33 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: conventional suturing; different methods and materials for primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries; non-suturing of muscle and skin (or perineal skin alone); and sutures (absorbable synthetic sutures, catgut sutures, continuous sutures, interrupted sutures).","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4356152/pdf/2015-1401.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33112865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Constipation in children: fibre and probiotics. 儿童便秘:纤维和益生菌。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-03-10

Merit M Tabbers, Marc A Benninga

{"title":"Constipation in children: fibre and probiotics.","authors":"Merit M Tabbers, Marc A Benninga","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Prevalence of childhood constipation has been estimated at 1% to 30% in the general population worldwide; most children have no obvious aetiological factors. One third of children with chronic constipation continue to have problems beyond puberty. Half of the children with chronic faecal impaction and faecal incontinence have experienced an episode of painful defecation, and many children with chronic constipation exhibit withholding behaviour.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of fibre for children with chronic constipation? What are the effects of probiotics for children with chronic constipation? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to May 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found 12 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: fibre and probiotics.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4356179/pdf/2015-0303.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33119413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0