BMJ clinical evidence最新文献_第7页

Obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: duration of maintenance drug treatment. 儿童和青少年强迫症:维持药物治疗的持续时间。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-06-03

Sara Kakhi, G Mustafa Soomro

{"title":"Obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: duration of maintenance drug treatment.","authors":"Sara Kakhi, G Mustafa Soomro","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Obsessions or compulsions that cause personal distress or social dysfunction have been reported to affect about 3% of children and adolescents. In children, the disorder often presents at around 10 years of age. It persists in about 40% of children and adolescents at mean follow-up of 5.7 years. The disorder is disabling with adverse impact on functioning, including education and social/family life.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of maintenance drug treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to June 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: Two studies were included that addressed the question of maintenance drug treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following intervention: optimum duration of maintenance drug treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in children and adolescents.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2015 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4456909/pdf/2015-1019.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33364624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fibroids (uterine myomatosis, leiomyomas). 肌瘤（子宫肌瘤病、平滑肌瘤）。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-06-02

Anne Lethaby, Beverley Vollenhoven

{"title":"Fibroids (uterine myomatosis, leiomyomas).","authors":"Anne Lethaby, Beverley Vollenhoven","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Between 50% and 77% of women may have fibroids, depending on the method of diagnosis used. Fibroids may be asymptomatic, or may present with menorrhagia, pain, mass and pressure effects, infertility, or recurrent pregnancy loss. Risk factors for fibroids include obesity, having no children, and no long-term use of the oral contraceptive pill. Fibroids tend to shrink or fibrose after the menopause.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of surgical/interventional radiological treatments in women with fibroids? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to May 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: Five studies were included. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery versus no/sham treatment; magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery versus other interventions (hysterectomy, myomectomy, hysteroscopic resection, rollerball endometrial ablation, thermal balloon ablation, thermal myolysis with laser); uterine artery embolisation versus no/sham treatment; uterine artery embolisation versus hysterectomy; uterine artery embolisation versus myomectomy; uterine artery embolisation versus other interventions (magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery, hysteroscopic resection, rollerball endometrial ablation, thermal balloon ablation, thermal myolysis with laser).","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2015 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4451527/pdf/2015-0814.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33352190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deliberate self-harm (and attempted suicide). 故意自残(和企图自杀)。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-05-28

G Mustafa Soomro, Sara Kakhi

{"title":"Deliberate self-harm (and attempted suicide).","authors":"G Mustafa Soomro, Sara Kakhi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The lifetime prevalence of deliberate self-harm is about 3% to 5% of the population in Europe and the US, and has been increasing. Familial, biological, and psychosocial factors may contribute. Risks are higher in women and young adults, people who are socially isolated or deprived, and people with psychiatric or personality disorders.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of non-pharmacological treatments for deliberate self-harm in adolescents and adults? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to August 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: Twenty-two studies were included. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: cognitive therapy; continuity of care; dialectical behavioural therapy; emergency card; hospital admission; intensive outpatient follow-up plus outreach; nurse-led case management; problem-solving therapy; psychodynamic interpersonal therapy; and telephone contact.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2015 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4451502/pdf/2015-1012.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33352165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp. 头皮脂溢性皮炎。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-05-27

Luigi Naldi, Janouk Diphoorn

{"title":"Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp.","authors":"Luigi Naldi, Janouk Diphoorn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Seborrhoeic dermatitis affects a variable proportion of the general population, ranging from 3% to 10%. Malassezia yeast species (previously referred to as Pityrosporum) are thought to be the responsible organisms, and cause inflammation by still poorly defined mechanisms. Seborrhoeic dermatitis tends to relapse after treatment.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of topical treatments for seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp in adults? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to November 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found 14 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: bifonazole, ciclopirox, ketoconazole, pyrithione zinc, selenium sulfide, tar shampoo, terbinafine, and topical corticosteroids (betamethasone valerate, clobetasol propionate, clobetasone butyrate, hydrocortisone, mometasone furoate).","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2015 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445675/pdf/2015-1713.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33217779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neonatal jaundice: phototherapy. 新生儿黄疸：光疗。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-05-22

Paul Woodgate, Luke Anthony Jardine

{"title":"Neonatal jaundice: phototherapy.","authors":"Paul Woodgate, Luke Anthony Jardine","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: About 50% of term and 80% of preterm babies develop jaundice, which usually appears 2 to 4 days after birth, and resolves spontaneously after 1 to 2 weeks. Jaundice is caused by bilirubin deposition in the skin. Most jaundice in newborn infants is a result of increased red cell breakdown and decreased bilirubin excretion.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of different wavelengths of light in hospital phototherapy as treatment for unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in term and preterm infants? What are the effects of different intensities of light in hospital phototherapy as treatment for unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in term and preterm infants? What are the effects of different total doses of light in hospital phototherapy as treatment for unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in term and preterm infants? What are the effects of starting hospital phototherapy at different thresholds in term and preterm infants? We searched Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to January 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: Fourteen studies were included. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of different wavelengths, intensities, total doses, and threshold for commencement of the following intervention: hospital phototherapy.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2015 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4440981/pdf/2015-0319.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33324339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Atrial fibrillation (chronic). 心房颤动(慢性)。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-05-20

Deirdre A Lane, Christopher J Boos, Gregory Y H Lip

{"title":"Atrial fibrillation (chronic).","authors":"Deirdre A Lane, Christopher J Boos, Gregory Y H Lip","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Atrial fibrillation is a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia characterised by the presence of fast and uncoordinated atrial activation leading to reduced atrial mechanical function. Risk factors for atrial fibrillation include increasing age, male sex, co-existing cardiac and thyroid disease, pyrexial illness, electrolyte imbalance, cancer, and co-existing infection.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of oral medical treatments to control heart rate in people with chronic (defined as longer than 1 week for this review) non-valvular atrial fibrillation? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to May 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found four studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: beta-blockers (rate-limiting, with or without digoxin), calcium-channel blockers (with or without digoxin), and digoxin.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2015 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4439734/pdf/2015-0217.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33195573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insomnia (primary) in older people: non-drug treatments. 老年人（原发性）失眠：非药物治疗。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-05-13

Cathy Alessi, Michael V Vitiello

{"title":"Insomnia (primary) in older people: non-drug treatments.","authors":"Cathy Alessi, Michael V Vitiello","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Up to 40% of older adults have insomnia, with difficulty getting to sleep, early waking, or feeling unrefreshed on waking. The prevalence of insomnia increases with age. Other risk factors include psychological factors, stress, daytime napping, and hyperarousal.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of non-drug treatments for primary insomnia in older people (aged 60 years and older)? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to May 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found 14 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), exercise programmes, and timed exposure to bright light.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2015 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4429264/pdf/2015-2302.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33299048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leg cramps. 腿抽筋。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-05-13

Gavin Young

{"title":"Leg cramps.","authors":"Gavin Young","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Involuntary, localised leg cramps are common and typically affect the calf muscles at night.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatments for idiopathic leg cramps? What are the effects of treatments for leg cramps in pregnancy? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to January 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found 16 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: analgesics; anti-epileptic drugs; calcium salts; diltiazem; magnesium salts; multivitamin and mineral supplements; quinine; sodium chloride; stretching exercises; verapamil; vitamin B6 (pyridoxine); and vitamin E.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2015 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4429847/pdf/2015-1113.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33299214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Travellers' diarrhoea. 旅行者腹泻。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-04-30

Christopher Stewart Heather

{"title":"Travellers' diarrhoea.","authors":"Christopher Stewart Heather","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: It is estimated that approximately 30% to 70% of international travellers will develop diarrhoea during their travels or after returning home.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments for acute mild-to-moderate diarrhoea in adults from resource-rich countries travelling to resource-poor countries? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to September 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found 24 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antibiotics (empirical), antibiotics plus antimotility agents, antimotility agents, bismuth subsalicylate, diet, oral rehydration solutions, and racecadotril for travellers' diarrhoea.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2015 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415508/pdf/2015-0901.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33264161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parkinson's disease: fetal cell or stem cell-derived treatments. 帕金森氏症:胎儿细胞或干细胞衍生疗法。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-04-21

Arnar Astradsson, Tipu Z Aziz

{"title":"Parkinson's disease: fetal cell or stem cell-derived treatments.","authors":"Arnar Astradsson, Tipu Z Aziz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The mean age of onset of Parkinson's disease is about 65 years, with a median time of 9 years between diagnosis and death.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of fetal cell or stem cell-derived therapy in people with Parkinson's disease? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to September 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found two studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: fetal cell therapy versus deep brain stimulation; fetal cell therapy versus sham surgery; stem cell-derived therapy versus deep brain stimulation; stem cell-derived therapy versus sham surgery.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2015 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4404982/pdf/2015-1203.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33237743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0