BMJ clinical evidence最新文献_第9页

Bulimia nervosa: online interventions. 神经性贪食症:在线干预。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-03-04

Phillipa J Hay, Angélica Medeiros Claudino

{"title":"Bulimia nervosa: online interventions.","authors":"Phillipa J Hay, Angélica Medeiros Claudino","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Up to 1% of people in the community may have bulimia nervosa, characterised by an intense preoccupation with body weight, binge-eating episodes, and use of extreme measures to counteract the feared effects of overeating. People with bulimia nervosa are of normal weight or are overweight, making the condition distinct from anorexia nervosa. After 10 years, about half of people with bulimia nervosa will have recovered fully, one third will have made a partial recovery, and 10% to 20% will still have symptoms.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of online interventions for people with bulimia nervosa? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to April 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found eight studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: applications (apps) or online programmes used as an adjunct to face-to-face therapy, delivery of self-help online, and delivery of therapy online.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4356174/pdf/2015-1009.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33424520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ear wax. 耳垢。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-03-04

Tony Wright

{"title":"Ear wax.","authors":"Tony Wright","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ear wax only becomes a problem if it causes a hearing impairment or other ear-related symptoms. Ear wax is more likely to accumulate and cause a hearing impairment when normal extrusion is prevented; for example, by the use of hearing aids, or by the use of cotton buds to clean the ears. Ear wax can visually obscure the ear drum, and may need to be removed for diagnostic purposes.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of methods to remove ear wax? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to July 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found nine studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: ear irrigation (syringing); manual removal (other than ear irrigation); wax softeners prior to irrigation; and wax softeners alone.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4356173/pdf/2015-0504.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33102219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aphthous ulcers (recurrent). 口疮(复发性)。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-02-26

Konrad Staines, Mark Greenwood

{"title":"Aphthous ulcers (recurrent).","authors":"Konrad Staines, Mark Greenwood","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Most people with recurrent aphthous ulcers develop a few ulcers less than 10 mm in diameter that heal after 7 to 10 days without scarring. The causes are unknown but local physical trauma may trigger ulcers in susceptible people. In 10% of sufferers, lesions are more than 10 mm in diameter and can cause scarring.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of selected topical treatments for recurrent idiopathic aphthous ulcers? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to December 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found nine studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: analgesics (local), corticosteroids (topical), tetracycline antibiotic mouthwash, and topical antiseptic agents (chlorhexidine and similar agents).","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4356175/pdf/2015-1303.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33086581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bronchiectasis. 支气管扩张。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-02-25

Cecile Magis-Escurra, Monique He Reijers

{"title":"Bronchiectasis.","authors":"Cecile Magis-Escurra, Monique He Reijers","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bronchiectasis is usually a complication of previous lower respiratory infection and/or inflammation. It causes chronic cough, copious production of sputum (often purulent), and recurrent infections, and may cause airway obstruction bearing some similarities with that seen in COPD. It may complicate respiratory conditions such as asthma or COPD. It can be associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia, primary immunodeficiencies, certain systemic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis, and foreign body inhalation. Bronchiectasis can be due to cystic fibrosis but this is excluded from this review.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments in people with non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to January 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Results: We found 23 studies that met our inclusion criteria.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: airway clearance techniques, corticosteroids (inhaled), exercise or physical training, hyperosmolar agents (inhaled), mucolytics, prolonged-use antibiotics, and surgery.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4356176/pdf/2015-1507.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33083563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tubal ectopic pregnancy. 输卵管异位妊娠。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-02-11 DOI: 10.53347/rid-39174

Vinod Kumar, Janesh Gupta

{"title":"Tubal ectopic pregnancy.","authors":"Vinod Kumar, Janesh Gupta","doi":"10.53347/rid-39174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53347/rid-39174","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Approximately 1/100 pregnancies are ectopic, with the conceptus usually implanting in the fallopian tube. Some ectopic pregnancies resolve spontaneously, but others continue to grow and can lead to rupture of the tube. Risks are higher in women who smoke or have damage to the fallopian tubes due to pelvic infections, surgery, or previous ectopic pregnancy.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS AND OUTCOMES\u0000We conducted a systematic overview aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments for unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy on subsequent fertility? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to September 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved nine studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, nine records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of six studies and the further review of three full publications. Of the three full articles evaluated, no systematic reviews and one RCT were added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for three PICO combinations.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000In this systematic overview we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions for unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy on subsequent fertility: expectant management, methotrexate, salpingotomy, and salpingectomy.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79709767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. 妊娠期甲状腺功能亢进。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-01-21

Birte Nygaard

{"title":"Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy.","authors":"Birte Nygaard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hyperthyroidism is characterised by high levels of serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine, and low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. The main causes of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy are Graves' disease and chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)-mediated hyperthyroidism.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of antithyroid drug treatments for hyperthyroidism in pregnancy? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to June 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found no studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antithyroid drugs (carbimazole/thiamazole and propylthiouracil).","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4303927/pdf/2015-0611.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32997293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Middle-ear pain and trauma during air travel. 空中旅行中耳疼痛和创伤。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-01-19

Tony Wright

{"title":"Middle-ear pain and trauma during air travel.","authors":"Tony Wright","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Changes in air pressure during flying can cause ear-drum pain and perforation, vertigo, and hearing loss. It has been estimated that 10% of adults and 22% of children might have changes to the ear drum after a flight, although perforation is rare. Symptoms usually resolve spontaneously.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of interventions to prevent middle-ear pain during air travel? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to July 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found three studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: nasal balloon inflation, nasal decongestants (topical), and oral pseudoephedrine.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4298289/pdf/2015-0501.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32984144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Head lice. 头虱。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-01-14

Ian F Burgess, Paul Silverston

{"title":"Head lice.","authors":"Ian F Burgess, Paul Silverston","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Head louse infection is diagnosed by finding live lice, as eggs take 7 days to hatch (but a few may take longer, up to 13 days) and may appear viable for weeks after death of the egg. Infestation may be more likely in school children, with risks increased in children with more siblings or of lower socioeconomic group. Factors such as longer hair make diagnosis and treatment more difficult.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of physically acting treatments for head lice? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to March 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found six studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: 1,2-octanediol, dimeticone, herbal and essential oils, and isopropyl myristate.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4294162/pdf/2015-1703.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32974222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nocturnal enuresis: non-pharmacological treatments. 夜间遗尿:非药物治疗。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-01-13

Darcie Kiddoo

{"title":"Nocturnal enuresis: non-pharmacological treatments.","authors":"Darcie Kiddoo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nocturnal enuresis affects 15% to 20% of 5-year-old children, 5% of 10-year-old children, and 1% to 2% of people aged 15 years and older. Without treatment, 15% of affected children will become dry each year. Nocturnal enuresis is not diagnosed in children younger than 5 years, and treatment may be inappropriate for children younger than 7 years.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of non-pharmacological interventions for relief of symptoms of nocturnal enuresis? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Results: We found five studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.Conclusions: In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: acupuncture, dry bed training, enuresis alarm, and hypnotherapy.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4292411/pdf/2015-0305.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32972550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Head lice. 头虱。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.7748/phc2003.10.13.8.33.c457

I. Burgess, P. Silverston

{"title":"Head lice.","authors":"I. Burgess, P. Silverston","doi":"10.7748/phc2003.10.13.8.33.c457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7748/phc2003.10.13.8.33.c457","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Head louse infection is diagnosed by finding live lice, as eggs take 7 days to hatch (but a few may take longer, up to 13 days) and may appear viable for weeks after death of the egg. Infestation may be more likely in school children, with risks increased in children with more siblings or of lower socioeconomic group. Factors such as longer hair make diagnosis and treatment more difficult. METHODS AND OUTCOMES We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of physically acting treatments for head lice? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to March 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS We found six studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: 1,2-octanediol, dimeticone, herbal and essential oils, and isopropyl myristate.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84102517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0