Biomaterial investigations in dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Hazard assessment of resin-based dental monomers: directions for greener dental material development.","authors":"Mahmoud Abdelrahman Alatteili, Hamzeh 'Ayed El-Amin' Hassan Abid, Mohammad Talat Elsharkawy, Abdulmalik Saqer Mohammad Salti, Esraa Esam Mowafaq Shammamah, Rawan Yassin Nimir, Homa Darmani","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.46213","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v13.46213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The increasing use of resin-based dental materials has prompted questions about their environmental footprint. During clinical procedures, small amounts of unpolymerized monomers may enter wastewater systems, and their possible effects on aquatic invertebrates remain insufficiently explored. We hypothesized that commonly used resin-based dental monomers could exert developmental and cellular effects in an aquatic invertebrate model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The acute and sublethal effects of five monomers associated with dental composites, namely - BPA (bisphenol A), Bis-DMA (bisphenol A dimethacrylate), Bis-GMA (bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate), Bis-EMA (bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylate), and TEG-DMA (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) - were evaluated in <i>Artemia salina</i> at both cyst and naupliar stages. The effects on naupliar survival, body length, and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were measured to assess compound-specific biological responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bis-GMA, Bis-DMA, and BPA significantly reduced survival, while Bis-EMA caused modest mortality, and TEG-DMA had no effect. Despite these differences in survival, most monomers affected naupliar growth, with greater developmental sensitivity observed following cyst-stage exposure. However, growth responses were compound specific and not uniformly dose-dependent across all monomers. LDH responses were monomer specific: Bis-GMA and Bis-DMA increased LDH activity, although Bis-DMA showed no consistent effect on growth, whereas BPA and TEG-DMA showed reductions in LDH activity, despite observed growth inhibition, and Bis-EMA showed no significant change.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, our findings show that dental resin monomers differ in their developmental and metabolic impacts, highlighting the importance of considering safety alongside clinical performance when designing and selecting dental biomaterials. As the concentrations used were for hazard screening, these results indicate possible biological effects under controlled conditions but do not necessarily reflect environmental exposure scenarios or ecological risk. Additional studies at environmentally relevant exposure levels are needed to better evaluate ecological safety and support the development of more sustainable dental materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"46213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13273622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of physicomechanical and optical properties of bioactive glass (BAG)-filled resin composites: an <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Yan Victor Silva de Santana, Emanuel Ewerton Mendonça Vasconcelos, Gabriela Queiroz de Melo Monteiro, Agna Roberta Xavier Bezerra, Luís Felipe Espíndola-Castro","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.46233","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v13.46233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the behavior of bioactive glass (BAG)-filled resin composites (Beautifil II / Shofu-BR and Beautifil Flow Plus / Shofu-BF) compared with conventional resin composites (Filtek Z350 XT / Solventum-ZR and Filtek Supreme Flowable Restorative / Solventum-FS) by means of microhardness, sorption, solubility, and color stability tests.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>For these analyses, ten specimens were fabricated per group using a split metal mold (15 mm in diameter × 1 mm thickness). Microhardness (<i>n</i> = 10) was measured using a digital microhardness tester, based on the mean of three indentations per specimen under a 2.94 N load for 15 s. For the sorption and solubility tests, five out of the 10 specimens used in the microhardness assays were randomly selected (<i>n</i> = 5), and ISO 4049/2019 recommendations were followed. Color stability was assessed using a digital spectrophotometer by comparing specimens immersed in coffee (using the five specimens not selected for the sorption and solubility tests / <i>n</i> = 5) and distilled water (control, using the same specimens from the sorption and solubility tests), with measurements obtained at baseline, after 1 day, and after 1 week of immersion. Color change (ΔE) was calculated using CIELAB parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For microhardness, the high-viscosity resin composites (ZR and BR) showed significantly higher mean values than their low-viscosity versions (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Although sorption differed significantly among groups (<i>p</i> = 0.001), all resin composites exhibited values within the limits established by ISO 4049/2019. No statistically significant differences were observed for solubility. Regarding color stability, after 7 days in coffee, BR and ZR exhibited the greatest color changes (ΔE). Despite the observed statistical differences, the changes remained within acceptable clinical limits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BAG-filled resin composites exhibit properties comparable to those of conventional resin composites. The ZR resin composite showed higher microhardness; however, for the other evaluated parameters (sorption, solubility, and color stability in coffee), the tested resin composites exhibited values within the limits recommended by ISO 4049:2019 and were comparable to those of the reference conventional high- or low-viscosity resin composite.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"65 ","pages":"46233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13273812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of expanded graphene on physical and chemical properties, and <i>in vitro</i> toxicity of glass ionomer cements for luting.","authors":"Sarah Pereira Martins, Carolina Mara Geraldino Monteiro, Renan Rocha da Silva, Andrea Vaz Braga Pintor, Marcela Baraúna Magno, Maria Augusta Visconti, Maria Teresa Villela Romanos, Livia Rodrigues de Menezes, Lucianne Cople Maia, Matheus Melo Pithon","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.45910","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v13.45910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate physical and chemical properties and <i>in vitro</i> toxicity of six luting glass ionomer cements (GICs) - Vidrion, Vitro Cem, Meron, Gold Label (GCGL), GC Fuji Plus (GCFP), and Riva Luting - incorporated with expanded graphene to correct the GICs' deficiencies.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Expanded graphene was incorporated into GICs at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%. Disc-shaped specimens (4 × 2 mm) were fabricated and submitted to an erosive challenge (EC) by immersion in 30 mL of lactic acid/lactate solution (pH 2.74) for 24 h at 37°C. Thickness, surface roughness (Ra), and microhardness were evaluated before and after EC. Fluoride release was measured in the acid solution. Radiopacity was evaluated in specimens (15 ± 1 mm; <i>n</i> = 3), and gray values were analyzed with ImageJ. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the neutral red uptake assay using L929 fibroblasts exposed to DMEM extracts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No microhardness loss after EC was observed in Vitro Cem 0.25% (<i>p</i> = 0.056) and 0.5% (<i>p</i> = 0.457) or Meron 0.5% (<i>p</i> = 0.167), while Vidrion 0.5% showed increased hardness (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Surface roughness remained unchanged in Meron, GCGL, and Riva Luting. Riva Luting containing 0.25% (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and 1% rGO (<i>p</i> < 0.01) released more fluoride compared with the control. GCGL showed improved cell viability at all expanded graphene concentrations. Vidrion demonstrated greater radiopacity with expanded graphene addition, and Meron exhibited enhanced radiopacity at all concentrations. Worsening effects were observed, including reduced fluoride release in GCFP 1% (<i>p</i> < 0.05), decreased cell viability in GCFP (45% reduction), Meron, and Vitro Cem at all percentages, and increased microhardness loss in Vitro Cem 1%, Meron 0.5%, and GCFP at all concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Expanded graphene incorporation produced positive, neutral, and negative effects depending on the GIC and concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"45910"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13220307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical behavior of fiber-reinforced and bulk-fill composites in extensive class II restorations: a three-dimensional finite element analysis.","authors":"Luisfelipe Carlos Alarco-Jurado, Luis Felipe Alarco-La Rosa, Fredy Hugo Cruzado-Oliva","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.46067","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v13.46067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Owing to the complexity of dental architecture and the ongoing development of restorative materials, the biomechanical behavior within restored dental structures is not yet fully understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate and compare the stress distribution in extensive Class II restorations reinforced with different composite systems using 3D-Finite Element Analysis (FEA).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A sound human mandibular first molar was digitized to generate a 3D solid model. Five experimental groups with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) restorations were simulated: G1, bulk-fill composite core; G2, short fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC) core; G3, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber-reinforced core; C-, conventional nanohybrid composite; and C+, intact sound tooth. All restored groups received an occlusal and proximal veneering layer of conventional nanohybrid resin. A vertical load of 600 N was applied, and von Mises and maximum principal stresses were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The UHMWPE group exhibited the most favorable stress distribution, demonstrating the lowest stress concentrations in the coronal tooth structure (353.5 MPa) and the adhesive interface (11.10 MPa). Conversely, the SFRC group presented the highest stress values in the remaining tooth structure (359.9 MPa), while the bulk-fill group recorded elevated stress peaks within the veneering material (21.29 MPa). Notably, the polyethylene core absorbed the highest internal stress (13.31 MPa) compared to the other experimental groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The type of structural reinforcement significantly dictates the biomechanics of Class II restorations. A core reinforced with polyethylene fibers (Ribbond THM) demonstrates a superior capacity to manage stress in high-load areas compared to SFRC (EverX Posterior) and bulk-fill composite (Tetric N-Ceram bulk fill).</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"46067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13203323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fluoride toothpastes on surface roughness of nickel-titanium wires: an in vitro study.","authors":"Karen Lisette Vega Bravo, Marjory Elizabeth Vaca Zapata, Mauricio Aguirre Balseca, Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas, Yalil Rodríguez","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.46087","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v13.46087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The main objective of this <i>in vitro</i> study was to determine the effect of toothbrushing with fluoride and natural fluoride-free toothpastes on surface roughness changes of nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires as an indirect indicator of corrosion-related surface degradation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty rectangular superelastic NiTi wires (0.019 × 0.025\", 20 mm length; Orthometric) were randomly assigned to three groups (<i>n</i> = 10 each): Group 1 - fluoride toothpaste with brushing; Group 2 - fluoride toothpaste without brushing; Group 3 - fluoride-free toothpaste with brushing. Brushing was simulated with an electric toothbrush twice daily for 1 min over 28 days (cumulative 1 h). Initial and final surface roughness (Rz, µm) was measured using a portable roughness tester. Data were analyzed using paired Student's t-test and ANOVA with Tukey post hoc comparisons (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increases in surface roughness were observed in Group 1 (0.717 ± 0.085 to 2.440 ± 0.225 µm; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and Group 2 (0.791 ± 0.082 to 1.904 ± 0.247 µm; <i>p</i> < 0.001). In contrast, Group 3 showed only a slight and non-significant increase in surface roughness (<i>p</i> = 0.167). Intergroup analysis revealed significant post-treatment differences (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with Tukey's test distinguishing three subsets: Group 1 > Group 2 > Group 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fluoride-containing toothpaste, particularly when combined with brushing, significantly increased surface roughness of NiTi wires, likely due to fluoride-induced degradation of the protective titanium oxide layer, which increases susceptibility to surface deterioration. Clinically, these findings suggest that fluoride-free formulations may represent a safer alternative for orthodontic patients requiring prolonged use of NiTi wires.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"46087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13203322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an orthodontic adhesive containing 2 wt% nano-hydroxyapatite synthesized from a biogenic calcium precursor: antibacterial activity, calcium ion concentration, and enamel demineralization.","authors":"Gufa Bagus Pamungkas, Eddy Heriyanto Habar, Maria Tanumihardja, Rasmidar Samad, Stang, Eka Erwansyah, Nurlindah Hamrun","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.46106","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v13.46106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Enamel demineralization and white spot lesions remain common adverse effects during fixed orthodontic treatment, primarily due to plaque accumulation around brackets and the limited functionality of conventional orthodontic adhesives. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating 2 wt% nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp), synthesized using a biogenic calcium precursor derived from Asian moon scallop (<i>Amusium pleuronectes</i>) shells, on antibacterial activity, calcium ion concentration, and enamel demineralization.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>nHAp powder was synthesized from scallop shell-derived calcium carbonate via calcination and precipitation methods and incorporated into a commercial orthodontic adhesive under controlled conditions. Antibacterial activity against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> was assessed using a disc diffusion assay. Calcium ion concentration in the immersion medium was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry (λ = 515 nm) with a murexide indicator. Enamel demineralization adjacent to bracket interfaces was evaluated using a standardized scoring system. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests with significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The nHAp-modified adhesive showed significantly greater antibacterial activity compared with the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The experimental group demonstrated higher calcium ion concentration in the immersion medium than the control group. Enamel demineralization scores were significantly lower in the experimental group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this in vitro study, incorporation of 2 wt% nano-hydroxyapatite synthesized using a biogenic calcium precursor was associated with increased antibacterial activity, higher calcium ion concentration in the surrounding medium, and reduced enamel demineralization. Further studies are required to evaluate mechanical properties and clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"46106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13196276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148019023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of physico-mechanical properties of 3D-printed resins used as permanent indirect restoration materials.","authors":"Merve Arıkan, Serdar Akarsu","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.46113","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v13.46113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the physico-mechanical properties (microhardness, surface roughness, and flexural strength) of permanent 3D-printed dental resins with those of a resin nanoceramic computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) block and a composite resin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four groups were tested: composite resin (Clearfil Majesty Esthetic), resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM block (Cerasmart), and two 3D-printed resins (Saremco Crowntec, VarseoSmile Crown Plus). Disk- and bar-shaped specimens were prepared according to ISO standards. Microhardness (Vickers test), surface roughness (profilometer), and flexural strength (three-point bending test) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cerasmart showed the highest microhardness (85.53 ± 3.97) and flexural strength (184.45 ± 9.42), while Saremco Crowntec exhibited the lowest microhardness (38.63 ± 2.14). Clearfil Majesty had the highest surface roughness (1.24 ± 0.35). Although the measured flexural strength values of 3D-printed resins exceeded the ISO 4049 minimum threshold, several samples were close to or below the limit.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within the limitations of this in vitro study, 3D-printed permanent resins exhibited mechanical properties comparable to conventional restorative materials in certain parameters, although inferior hardness values were observed compared to CAD/CAM blocks. Nevertheless, the present findings should be interpreted with caution, and further long-term clinical investigations are necessary before translating these results into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"46113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13196275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148018937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary evaluation of a lemongrass-based nanoparticle gel for antibacterial control of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>: an <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Luedyna Rayane Rodrigues Leite, Maria Olívia da Costa, Álvaro de Souza Wanderley, Giovana Soriano Neiva, Carolina de Albuquerque Lima Duarte, Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza, Marlos Barbosa-Ribeiro","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.46007","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v13.46007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The search for biocompatible antimicrobial agents in endodontics has driven interest in phytotherapeutic compounds, including <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> (lemongrass). This study aimed to perform a preliminary evaluation of the antibacterial potential of a lemongrass-based nanoparticle gel against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Lemongrass leaves were collected, authenticated, and processed using different extraction methods. The most effective extract was selected for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and incorporated into a 1% hydroxyethyl cellulose gel. Antibacterial activity against <i>E. faecalis</i> (ATCC 29212) was assessed by colony-forming unit (CFU/mL) quantification, agar well diffusion, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination using resazurin. A 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) gel and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) digluconate gel were used as positive controls, and a vehicle gel served as the negative control. Data were analyzed using Student's <i>t</i>-test and the Wilcoxon test (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The nanoparticulate lemongrass gel demonstrated significantly greater antibacterial activity than the non-nanoparticulated extract (<i>p</i> < 0.05), showing higher CFU/mL reduction and larger inhibition zones. The nanoparticle formulation maintained inhibitory activity at lower concentrations (MIC 50%) compared with the natural extract. Antibacterial performance of the nanoparticulate gel was comparable to CHX and superior to NaOCl in CFU reduction, while inhibition zones were similar to both controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nanoparticle incorporation significantly enhances the antibacterial efficacy of <i>C. citratus</i> against <i>E. faecalis</i>. The lemongrass-based nanoparticulate gel represents a promising alternative for use as a chemical auxiliary substance in endodontic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"46007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13192236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148018999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eggshell sourced hydroxyapatite as a bone regenerative material in dentistry - a narrative review.","authors":"Konathala Sv Ramesh, Mopati Nishanth Reddy Gokul, Penmetsa S Gautami, Naga Venkata Sg Sruthima, Pasupuleti Mohan Kumar, Kanakamedala Anil Kumar, Mathala Venkata Lakshmi","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.45750","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v13.45750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although bone is a dynamic connective tissue with inherent regenerating potential, grafting materials are frequently needed to recuperate shape and function in cases of bone defects. Eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite (EHA) and its nano-form (EnHA) have become viable alternatives because of their availability, affordability, osteoconductivity, biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness. Human studies evaluating the clinical potential of EHA/EnHA in bone regeneration that were published between 2014 and 2024 were reviewed. A total of seven trials with 112 patients and 88 intervention locations were included in this narrative review. EHA showed promising results in improving bone density, volume, and healing time across a variety of motives including socket preservation, intrabony defects, apicoectomy, and cystic lesions. When paired with platelet-rich fibrin, EnHA consistently demonstrated better healing than ungrafted areas and equivalent outcomes to conventional grafts, such as demineralised freeze-dried bone allograft and synthetic hydroxyapatite. Significant improvements in bone density and the production of new trabecular bone were confirmed by radiographic and histomorphometric investigations. The therapeutic viability of materials generated from eggshells is further supported by their high calcium content, non-cytotoxic profile, and efficient high-temperature sterilising. However, there are drawbacks, such as inconsistent resorption rates, a dearth of long-term randomised controlled studies, and a lack of established preparation procedures. Large multi-centre studies, long-term result validation, and manufacturing process optimisation should be the main areas of future study. However, with the existing literature, EHA and EnHA are found to be affordable, biocompatible, and sustainable substitutes for conventional graft materials in bone repair and regeneration in dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"45750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13192235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148018904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxicity evaluation of different clear aligner systems on human primary gingival fibroblasts: an in vitro study.","authors":"Rituparna Pronajit Das, Parag Vishnu Gangurde, Alok Ranjan, Shashank Sharad Gaikwad, Hitesh Ramdas Sawant, Manav Karia","doi":"10.2340/biid.v13.46006","DOIUrl":"10.2340/biid.v13.46006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clear aligners, widely adopted in modern orthodontics, are designed to stay in constant contact with the oral mucosa for extended durations. Persistent concerns exist about the possible leaching of cytotoxic agents like bisphenol-A from these materials, which have heightened the need for rigorous biocompatibility evaluation. Among various assays, the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay is a reliable in vitro method, which assesses metabolic activity and cell viability, making it a gold standard for cytotoxicity screening.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to assess and contrast the potential cell-damaging effects of three different clear aligner brands - Invisalign^®, Smile^® Aligners, and Illusion^® Aligners using the MTT assay on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Aligner pellets were immersed in normal saline for 30 days at 37°C. Eluents were diluted to 5, 10, and 20% concentrations. HGFs were exposed to these eluents for 48 hours, and cytotoxicity was assessed via MTT assay. To assess the survival rate of the cells, light absorbance was recorded at a wavelength of 570 nanometers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Invisalign^® showed the highest biocompatibility (97-98% viability across concentrations), followed by Smile^® Aligners (94-99%). Illusion^® Aligners exhibited significant cytotoxicity (80-92% viability), with a dose-dependent decline (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Material composition critically influences cytotoxicity. Invisalign^® and Smile^® Aligners are a safe options, while Illusion^® Aligners require further refinement for clinical safety. These results highlight the need for transparency in material composition and standardization in manufacturing protocols for all aligner systems to ensure patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":72378,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterial investigations in dentistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"46006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13176899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147965619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}