Zhiming Han , Weichao Luo , Cong Liu , Xiaojun Liang , Xiaohao Wang , Chunhua Yang , Weihua Gui , Min Zhang
{"title":"A three-layer digital twin architecture for granular bed profile prediction in rotary kiln","authors":"Zhiming Han , Weichao Luo , Cong Liu , Xiaojun Liang , Xiaohao Wang , Chunhua Yang , Weihua Gui , Min Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Granular bed profile in rotary kilns plays a critical role in determining heat transfer, gas distribution, and material residence time. However, due to enclosed high-temperature and rotating conditions, accurately and rapidly predicting the bed profile remains a significant challenge. To overcome this, this paper proposes a three-layer digital twin (DT) architecture for predicting the bed profile in rotary kiln. The first layer is the modeling layer, which integrates mathematical mechanism models of material motion into a simulation core to generate simulation data of kiln processing. The second layer is the data layer, where material outlet height data is collected and used to iteratively update simulation results, improving prediction accuracy. The third layer is the interaction layer, where a virtual terminal is designed to retrieve and visually present the results. A small-scale rotary kiln test platform is applied to validate proposed DT. Results indicate that the proposed DT architecture can effectively predict granular bed profile in both steady or dynamic states within a very short time. This study provides a potential solution for modeling and predicting granular flow in rotary kilns and shows promise for broader engineering applications with further optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"36 7","pages":"Article 104930"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clara Sangrós Giménez, Astrid Pistoor, Caroline Willuhn, Carsten Schilde, Arno Kwade
{"title":"Modelling the electrical conductivity of Lithium-ion battery electrodes via a bonded-particle approach","authors":"Clara Sangrós Giménez, Astrid Pistoor, Caroline Willuhn, Carsten Schilde, Arno Kwade","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An electrode’s electrical conductivity greatly affects battery performance, justifying the need to fully understand the relation between particle microstructure and resulting electrical conductivity. This work proposes a model to assess the specific electrical conductivity of DEM electrode structures by analysing a network of conductive paths.</div><div>NMC622- and NCA-based cathode structures, with a bond network representing the additive-binder matrix, are created and calendered numerically before being evaluated for electronic conductivity. The direct and bond contacts and, unprecedentedly, the internal particle resistances are taken into account to build a resistor network. The results obtained by this model are in great agreement with experimental electrical conductivities for NMC622- and NCA-based cathodes. Both the experimental cathodes and the developed conductivity model show an initial increase and later decrease of electrical conductivity as a function of calendering load, which is explained by a loss in particle bonds. Variations in the active material size distribution lead to the same changes in the electronic conductivity of experimental and simulated cathodes. This is attributed to the coordination number of the active material particles and the different types of particle contacts.</div><div>To conclude, this model allows for a DEM simulation-independent, accurate evaluation of the electrical conductivity of any discrete particulate structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"36 7","pages":"Article 104931"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marika Turek , Katarzyna Gach-Janczak , Ewa Różycka-Sokołowska , Krzysztof Owsianik , Piotr Bałczewski
{"title":"Mechanochemical synthesis of telmisartan-based co-amorphous solid dispersions with enhanced solubility and unexpected cytotoxic synergy on normal cell lines","authors":"Marika Turek , Katarzyna Gach-Janczak , Ewa Różycka-Sokołowska , Krzysztof Owsianik , Piotr Bałczewski","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Telmisartan (TEL), an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), has poor bioavailability due to its low solubility. To improve dissolution profile and potential therapeutic efficacy of this drug, six TEL-based co-amorphous solid dispersions (SDs) were synthesized using mechanochemical neat grinding with various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs): hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), amlodipine (AMLO), amlodipine besylate (AMLO-Bes), and rosuvastatin sodium (ROS-Na). The resulting binary and ternary SDs were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Stability tests confirmed that most SDs were stable for at least 12 months, except for the TEL/HCT system, which recrystallized after two months. Dissolution studies revealed 4–5 fold improvement in TEL release from co-amorphous SDs, especially in formulations with excipients. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated against cancerous (HepG2, MCF-7, HL-60) and normal (HUVEC and MCF-10A) cell lines. The studies revealed a clear synergistic cytotoxic effect of the TEL and ROS-Na combination, which is even more marked on normal cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"36 7","pages":"Article 104936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dandan Han , Chao Tang , Bo Liu , Wei Li , Yunxia Wang , Lijia Xu
{"title":"Hierarchical model acquisition and parameter calibration of the corncob based on the discrete element method","authors":"Dandan Han , Chao Tang , Bo Liu , Wei Li , Yunxia Wang , Lijia Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To establish the optimal model and bonding parameters that align with the structural features of corncobs during harvest, a breakable discrete element model was developed, reflecting its two-layer structural composition (core marrow and xylem annulus) through a hierarchical modeling approach. Compression and bending tests were conducted to quantify the biomechanical parameters of each corncob component, which were subsequently utilized for model parameter calibration. The bonding parameters among core marrow-core marrow, xylem annulus-xylem annulus, and core marrow-xylem annulus were calibrated based on the results from compression tests, employing the Plackett-Burman, steepest ascent, and Box-Behnken calibration methodologies. Ultimately, the bending destructive force of the entire corncob and its mechanical bending properties served as evaluation metrics to thoroughly validate the overall characteristic parameters of the corncob. Furthermore, by analyzing the morphological alterations of the corncob during both actual and simulated compression and bending, the findings indicate that the hierarchical DEM model developed in this study, along with the calibrated bonding parameters, demonstrates high accuracy in simulating the crushing behavior of real corncobs. The hierarchical bonded particle model presented herein lays the groundwork for future research aimed at constructing a high-fidelity corn ear model capable of characterizing kernel separation and the breakability of corncobs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"36 7","pages":"Article 104932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hira Rasheed , Faiza Imtiaz , Abid Ali , Arfaa Sajid , Qaisar Manzoor , Umer Younas , Habib Elhouichet , Amirah S. Alahmari , Munawar Iqbal , Arif Nazir
{"title":"Box Behnken design-based optimized green synthesis of lanthanum oxide submicroparticles using Quercus Infectoria galls extract and their antimicrobial activities","authors":"Hira Rasheed , Faiza Imtiaz , Abid Ali , Arfaa Sajid , Qaisar Manzoor , Umer Younas , Habib Elhouichet , Amirah S. Alahmari , Munawar Iqbal , Arif Nazir","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the green synthesis of lanthanum oxide submicroparticles (LO-SMPs) using the galls extract of <em>Quercus Infectoria</em>. Response surface methodology (RSM) based optimization using Box-Behnken design (BBD) was performed and a linear model was found to be best fitted and was used to evaluate the influence of time, the concentration of salt and volume of the extract on the synthesis of LO-SMPs. The optimized conditions for the synthesis were found to be 80 min, 2 mM and 12 mL with the absorbance of 1.74. ANOVA analysis reveals significant results based on their <em>p</em>-value. Synthesized LO-SMPs were characterized using various techniques such as UV–Vis, FTIR, SEM, EDX, XRD and DLS analysis. The morphology of LO-SMPs was analyzed using SEM and was found to be poly-dispersed spherical clusters. The body-centered cubic structure of LO-SMPs was confirmed by XRD. Furthermore, the nanoparticles inhibited three pathogenic microorganisms (S<em>. aureus, E. coli,</em> and P<em>. multocida</em>) and the inhibition potential of LO-SMPs showed enhanced activities compared to the plant extract. It was observed that high concentrations of LO-SMPs (30 mg/mL) showed a larger zone of inhibition against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>P. multocida</em> at 32 mm and 28 mm, respectively. The findings revealed that LO-SMPs have promising antibacterial activity, which might have potential as therapeutic agents, which need further investigation on the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility studies on cell lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"36 7","pages":"Article 104929"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical analysis of particle shape influence on erosion and flow behavior in a 90-Degree elbow pipe under Solid-Liquid flow","authors":"Eman Yasser , Ling Zhou , Mahmoud A. El-Emam","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an investigation was conducted to examine the influence of particle shape on erosion behavior in curved pipe systems, a critical component in fluid-conveying systems. A combination of numerical and experimental methodologies was utilized, employing the discrete phase model (DPM) and a coupled computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) to simulate particle–fluid interactions within a 90° elbow pipe. The simulations explored how non-spherical particles, shaped with different degrees of corner sharpness, influence erosion rates, particle dynamics, and localized wear patterns. Experimental observations revealed that maximum erosion was concentrated at the outlet region, where the interaction between particle flow dynamics and pipe geometry intensified localized wear. The erosion rates predicted by numerical DPM simulations were overestimated, particularly in the outlet zone, highlighting the model’s limitations in accurately capturing particle interactions. In contrast, a more accurate representation of localized erosion patterns was provided by CFD–DEM simulations, particularly when non-spherical particles were incorporated. It was demonstrated that angular particles with fewer corners caused more concentrated wear due to higher impact forces, whereas particles with more corners distributed forces more evenly, resulting in less severe erosion. Additionally, Higher particle velocities and kinetic energy intensified impact forces, exacerbating wear, while drag and pressure gradient forces shaped particle trajectories, localizing erosion on the elbow’s outer wall. By integrating these findings, the importance of accounting for particle shape and system geometry in erosion prediction models was emphasized. It was established that the CFD–DEM approach, mainly when applied to non-spherical particles, is reliable for predicting wear in complex geometries, providing valuable insights for designing more durable fluid-conveying systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"36 7","pages":"Article 104928"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weidong Nie, Jing Li, Yuanyuan Liu, Meiri Wang, Kaihua Liu, Hongtao Cui
{"title":"Through carbon coating to significantly boost the electrochemical performance of nickel oxide","authors":"Weidong Nie, Jing Li, Yuanyuan Liu, Meiri Wang, Kaihua Liu, Hongtao Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>NiO is a conventionally low performance electrode material for supercapacitors, especially its extremely low cycling stability. The effect of so far strategies including combination with carbon materials, cobalt ions-doping, and formation of nanostructure for improving the performance of NiO are proven limited. Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that the acknowledged electrochemical mechanism about NiO exists a deviation from the actual situation. In this work, we try to use a synergistic strategy of carbon coating and cobalt ions-doping to obtain the high performance NiO. The investigation results prove that the low cycling stability of NiO originates from its dissolution–recrystallization behavior instead of the acknowledged mechanism of stress-induced structure collapse. The carbon coating and cobalt ions-doping improve the external electron transfer property of NiO and its intrinsic electrical conductivity respectively, thus promoting its electro-activity. Consequently, the modified NiO achieves a high specific capacity of 460.8C g<sup>−1</sup> at low current density of 2.0 A g<sup>−1</sup> and keeps a high capacity retention of 61.8 % at high current density of 39.3 A g<sup>−1</sup>. On the other hand, the carbon coating suppresses the dissolution–recrystallization behavior of NiO by its physical hindrance effect, leading to the promotion of its cycling stability from < 10,000 to 80,000 cycles. The results in this work demonstrates the key role of carbon coating in significantly boosting the performance of NiO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"36 7","pages":"Article 104926"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuxian Wang , Anan Song , Cunying Xu , Jianru Li , Yixin Hua , Yan Li , Qibo Zhang
{"title":"Clean and efficient recovery of aluminum from aluminum-silicon alloy scrap by electrorefining using AlCl3-urea deep eutectic solvent","authors":"Shuxian Wang , Anan Song , Cunying Xu , Jianru Li , Yixin Hua , Yan Li , Qibo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.104927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The upcycling of aluminum–silicon alloy scrap by electrorefining in AlCl<sub>3</sub>-urea DES at near room temperature was studied. The electrochemical behavior of impurity metals and aluminum was analyzed using the measurement of polarization curves. The result showed that the anodic dissolution of Al, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Si occurred at 0, 0.03, 0.21, 0.27, 0.60, 0.65, 0.87, and 1.65 V (vs. Al(Ⅲ)/Al) in AlCl<sub>3</sub>-urea DES, indicating that the anodic dissolution potential of metals in aluminum–silicon alloy in AlCl<sub>3</sub>-urea DES was in the order of Al > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > Fe > Ni > Si, different from the traditional metal activity series. This result also implied that aluminum was selectively dissolved from the aluminum–silicon alloy anode, whereas the impurity metals remained in the anode by controlling electrolytic potential. The influence of electrolytic parameters, such as electrolysis temperature and current density, on the electrorefining process and effect were studied. The purity of aluminum deposits was more than or equal to 99.5 %, and their microstructure ranged from particles to flower-like microspheres. The cathode current efficiency was approximately 87.8 % and the energy consumption was approximately 2.14 kW·h·kg<sup>−1</sup>-Al under the optimum conditions of electrolysis temperature 333 K and the current density 5 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup>. The process is energy efficient and produces aluminum with the purity comparable to that of primary aluminum. A real sustainability in the aluminum cycle is achieved through the application of this efficient and clean process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"36 7","pages":"Article 104927"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}