{"title":"Effect of calcination temperature on the structural, microstructure, and electrical properties of CeO2 nanoparticles as a solid electrolyte for IT-SOFC application","authors":"Raj Kumar , Vedika Yadav , Pinki Singh , Piyush K. Sonkar , Upendra Kumar , Satyendra Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article comprehensively discusses the effect of calcination temperatures such as 400 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C of the single-phase ceria oxide (CeO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles synthesized via sol–gel chemical root. The first principle calculation performed on the cubic fluorite structure of ceria oxide shows Ce(5d) and O(2p) contributed to the indirect band gap n-type semiconducting response. The structural studies also show the crystallization of CeO<sub>2</sub> in the cubic structure with a gradual change in crystallite size, dislocation density, and micro-strain with temperature. The stretching vibration of Ce–O at 437 and 541 cm<sup>−1</sup> in the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum reconfirms the monophasic nature of the obtained samples. The morphology of the sintered pellets is strongly affected by varying calcination temperatures, such as lower-temperature calcined materials containing larger grains and vice versa. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies show oxygen vacancies and Ce’s mixed states in Ce<sup>3+</sup>/Ce<sup>4+</sup>. Arrhenius-type transport behavior was reflected through DC conductivity analysis that reveals the two conduction regions: electrons through Ce’s degenerate sites in the region-1 (90–280°C) and oxygen ions in the region-2 (280–410°C). The spectroscopic plots extracted the grain and grain boundary contribution, affecting the electrical properties. The grain boundary has a higher activation energy than the grains due to voids and disordered structures at the interface, similar to DC conduction studies. The sample Ce-4′s blocking factor supports the highest DC conductivity of almost 10<sup>−2</sup> S/cm, close to IT-SOFC solid electrolyte conductivity. Therefore, the present study may open the window to commercialize ceria oxide-based solid electrolytes through grain/grain-boundary engineering in IT-SOFCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"35 12","pages":"Article 104710"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Investigating the effect of mechanical activation duration (MAD) on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of TiAl intermetallic compounds” [Adv. Powder Technol. 33(4) (2024) 104690]","authors":"Alireza Karimi , Mandana Adeli , Makoto Kobashi","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104711","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"35 12","pages":"Article 104711"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Zhang , Chuanniu Yuan , Weijian Xiao , Xu Gong , Bozhan Hai , Rongxin Chen , Jian Zhou
{"title":"MPFEM investigation on densification and mechanical structures during ferrous powder compaction","authors":"Wei Zhang , Chuanniu Yuan , Weijian Xiao , Xu Gong , Bozhan Hai , Rongxin Chen , Jian Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal powder compaction is a crucial process in powder metallurgy, significantly affecting the final properties of compacts. However, the quantitative characteristics of multi-scale mechanical structures and the microscopic densification behavior, taking into account the influence of friction conditions, remain unclear. This study utilises a two-dimensional multi-particle finite element method to analyse the ferrous powder compaction. The evolution of powder densification, powder deformation and multi-scale mechanical behaviour under different friction coefficient conditions are analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results reveal that powder densification occurs in distinct stages, with lower friction coefficients promoting greater powder densification, as observed from relative density and coordination number. Additionally, as the axial strain increases, plastic strain gradually rises whilst roundness decreases. Higher friction coefficients are associated with higher equivalent plastic strain but lower powder roundness. The Von Mises stress exhibits different stages of increase with the increment of axial strain. Powders with lower friction coefficients exhibit lower levels of Von Mises stress. As axial strain increases, the number, length, strength and direction coefficient of force chains undergo different evolution processes. Force chains exhibit longer length, fewer numbers, lower strength and lower direction coefficients at lower friction coefficients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"35 12","pages":"Article 104700"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of design method for wet stirred ball milling by simulation using DEM","authors":"Kizuku Kushimoto , Akira Kondo , Takahiro Kozawa , Makio Naito , Junya Kano","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A design method for wet stirred ball milling by the simulation using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) was developed. The method optimized milling conditions for wet stirred ball milling by using the simulation to search for the optimal milling condition that maximizes a milling performance indicator. The milling performance indicator was defined in such a manner that the value of the indicator was maximized when more target particles with the desired particle diameter were produced in less milling time and with lower power consumption and less contamination. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the optimal milling condition estimated by the simulation agreed with the experiments. Therefore, it was suggested that the developed method has the potential to design the milling conditions of the wet stirred ball milling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"35 12","pages":"Article 104689"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microwave absorption of FeCo-C core–shell nanoparticles with tunable thickness of C shells and the underlying mechanism","authors":"Daitao Kuang , Shiliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to address the key question of how the thickness of the C shell affects the microwave absorption properties of metal-C core–shell nanoparticles, FeCo-C core–shell nanoparticles, with identical metal cores but varied carbon shell thicknesses, were synthesized by simply annealing FeCo-C core–shell nanoparticles in air. The free electronic-polarization theory was employed, and thus the polarization storage dependence of the loss plot, <em>i.e.</em>, <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>ε</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mo>′</mo></msubsup><mo>-</mo><msubsup><mi>ε</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>\"</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span> was introduced to elucidate the underlying microwave absorption mechanism. It was found that permittivities, conduction and polarization losses degrade as the carbon shell becomes thinner. Meanwhile, the thickness of the C shells was well adjusted to tune the magnetic resonance frequencies and intensities of the nanoparticles. Notably, a thicker C shell enhances the complete polarization relaxation process and increases polarization loss. Due to optimal dielectric and magnetic properties, FeCo-C nanoparticles exhibit an optimal reflection loss value up to −72.2 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.6 GHz at 3.5 mm. These results indicate that the synthesized FeCo-C core–shell nanoparticle is a promising candidate for microwave absorption applications. Furthermore, the introduction of <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>ε</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mo>′</mo></msubsup><mo>-</mo><msubsup><mi>ε</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>\"</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span> plot is expected to have a significant impact on the field of microwave absorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"35 12","pages":"Article 104694"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Ching Chuah , Wen-Yueh Yu , Zhi Xuan Law , De-Hao Tsai
{"title":"Combined (CO2 + CO) hydrogenation with methanolysis using aerosol metal-organic framework-derived hybrid catalysts","authors":"Yi Ching Chuah , Wen-Yueh Yu , Zhi Xuan Law , De-Hao Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel one-pot reaction system that efficiently converts greenhouse gases into methanol while simultaneously processing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and ethylene glycol (EG). Our approach involves the development of hybrid materials derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) using an aerosol-assisted synthesis method. These catalysts, which include a Cu/ZnO active phase on various supports, are optimized for the hydrogenation of both carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). By integrating PET methanolysis with the (CO<sub>2</sub> + CO) hydrogenation process, we achieved a significant enhancement in conversion ratios, exceeding 2.5 times their individual values. This synergistic approach effectively addresses the challenges posed by both plastic waste and greenhouse gas emissions. An impressive space–time yield of 5.6 mmol g<sub>cat</sub><sup>−1</sup>h<sup>−1</sup> and selectivity of 92 % for DMT production were achievable under optimized conditions. These results highlight the effectiveness of MOF-derived catalyst materials in facilitating complex chemical transformations and contribute significantly to environmental sustainability. This dual-function system offers a practical solution for the utilization of plastic waste and greenhouse gases, marking an important step toward a circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"35 12","pages":"Article 104696"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the effect of mechanical activation duration (MAD) on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of TiAl intermetallic compounds","authors":"Alireza Karimi, Mandana Adeli, Makoto Kobashi","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An innovative method for fabrication and investigating the effect of mechanical activation duration (MAD) on the properties of TiAl alloys was developed. The study employs an efficient implementation of combustion reactions in a compressed, mechanically activated mixture of titanium and aluminum, leading to the synthesis of titanium aluminide (TiAl). The induction-activated method initiates an exothermic reaction between Ti and Al, facilitating simultaneous preheating and ignition under an argon gas atmosphere. The accomplishment of the synthesis process lasted very short times, and the products were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The investigation focuses on samples with MAD durations ranging from 1 to 10 h, revealing that higher MADs (4 to 10 h) result in an innovative microstructure with α<sub>2</sub> (Ti<sub>3</sub>Al)/γ (TiAl) round-shape lamellar grains embedded in the γ (TiAl) matrix. This microstructure enhances the toughness of TiAl alloys while maintaining comparable hardness. The study indicates that increasing MAD from 1 to 10 h improves reaction kinetics, leading to a rise in reaction front velocity from 3.95 to 5.02 mm s<sup>−1</sup> and a reduction in α<sub>2</sub> (Ti<sub>3</sub>Al)/γ (TiAl) round-shape lamellar grain size from 215.804 to 172.709 μm in a more homogeneous arrangement. Furthermore, corrosion behavior analysis for samples with 1 and 10 h MAD reveals an increase in the resistance of the oxide layer (R<sub>f</sub>) value from 702.9 to 43111 Ω.cm<sup>2</sup> and the charge transfer resistance (R<sub>ct</sub>) value from 41.84 to 18520 Ω.cm<sup>2</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"35 11","pages":"Article 104690"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U.H. Kaynar , H. Aydin , A.S. Altowyan , J. Hakami , M.B. Coban , M. Ayvacikli , E. Ekdal Karali , A. Canimoglu , N. Can
{"title":"Enhancement of luminescence and thermal stability in Eu3+-doped K3Y(BO2)6 with Li+ and Na+ co-doping","authors":"U.H. Kaynar , H. Aydin , A.S. Altowyan , J. Hakami , M.B. Coban , M. Ayvacikli , E. Ekdal Karali , A. Canimoglu , N. Can","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eu<sup>3+</sup>-doped and Li<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> co-doped K<sub>3</sub>Y(BO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub> (KYBO) phosphors were synthesized through a microwave-assisted sol–gel method, and their structural and photoluminescent (PL) characteristics were examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement confirm effective dopant incorporation and preservation of the crystalline structure. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicates the maintenance of the borate structure, confirming the structural integrity of the phosphors upon doping. The addition of Li<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> co-dopants notably enhances luminescent efficiency and thermal stability, making these phosphors promising candidates for solid-state lighting (SSL) applications. PL analysis reveals strong red emission peaks at 612 nm, attributed to the <sup>5</sup>D<sub>o</sub> → <sup>7</sup>F<sub>2</sub> transition of Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions. The study indicates that electric dipole-quadrupole interactions are the primary mechanism for energy migration, with a critical distance of approximately 22.68 Å. This mechanism contributes to concentration quenching at higher doping levels. High temperature PL measurements indicated an activation energy of 0.1389 eV for thermal quenching in the Li<sup>+</sup> co-doped sample. Additionally, the Na<sup>+</sup> co-doped sample exhibited an abnormal thermal stability behavior, with an even higher activation energy of 0.2536 eV. This suggests that Na<sup>+</sup> co-doping significantly enhances the thermal resilience of the phosphor, making it more suitable for high-power light-emitting applications that operate under extreme conditions. CIE chromaticity diagrams highlight the potential for optimizing Eu<sup>3+</sup> doping levels, combined with Li<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> co-doping, to improve luminescent performance and thermal stability for advanced SSL applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"35 11","pages":"Article 104695"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Songjiang Chen, Wanqi Ma, Jiawei Huang, Jiarui Wang, Ningning Zhang, Yuexian Yu, Zhanglei Zhu, Hong Wang, Zhen Li
{"title":"Exploration on the mechanism of enhancing flotation of long-flame coal by diesel modification via oxidation","authors":"Songjiang Chen, Wanqi Ma, Jiawei Huang, Jiarui Wang, Ningning Zhang, Yuexian Yu, Zhanglei Zhu, Hong Wang, Zhen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-rank coal is naturally hydrophilic, and the traditional hydrocarbon collectors often have poor performance in its flotation. In this study, the modification of diesel was conducted using an instantaneous gasification-oxidation-condensation device for the expected improvement of collector’s performance. Experimental analyses and interfacial interaction calculation were performed to explore the mechanism of enhancing flotation of long-flame coal by diesel modification. It indicated that the flotation of coal sample can be greatly enhanced by the modified diesel, and a combustible matter recovery of 90.52 % could be attained only consuming 6 kg/t of modified diesel which was far better than the flotation effect consuming 100 kg/t of common diesel. The improved flotation effect of the coal sample could be attributed to the increased polarity of collector from 0.48 % to 9.76 % resulted from the newly added oxygenated functional groups after the oxidation of diesel, which significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity of the collector on the long-flame coal surface reflected by the FTIR and XPS analyses. Furthermore, the calculated results of interfacial interaction between the coal sample and the common/modified diesel suggested that the efficient adsorption of modified diesel on the coal sample was achieved through the bridging role acted by water molecules. This research may give some insight into enhancing flotation of low-rank coal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"35 11","pages":"Article 104699"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhao Yan , Xue Liu , Jiatong Liu , Yang Liu , Guohui Li , Lixing Zhou
{"title":"A Euler-Euler hydrodynamic modelling and simulation of dense particle flow in a small-scale fluidized bed","authors":"Zhao Yan , Xue Liu , Jiatong Liu , Yang Liu , Guohui Li , Lixing Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2024.104691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large eddy simulation of dense particle flow in fluidized bed is an advanced strategy to acquire a better understanding mechanism of gas-particle two-phase turbulent flow. A novelty particle stress model at subgrid scale level based on the Euler-Euler two-fluid frame is proposed to consider the effect of gas flow on particle dynamics. Anisotropic dispersion of interactions between gas and particle is modeled by a developed second-order moment approach, the four-way coupling is used to combine the particle–particle collisions by using the particle granular temperature based on the kinetic theory of granular flow. Numerical simulation is carried out in a small-scale fluidized bed and predictions are well agreed with the experimental data. Results show that the evolution of core-annular flow structure is captured. Increased superficial gas velocity is favorable for the enhancement of bubble hydrodynamics and anisotropic particle dispersions. At the 4u<sub>mf</sub>, Bubblelike granular temperature is 11.2 times larger than particle granular temperature, and mean and standard deviation values of axial particle velocity are approximately 2.2 times and 1.5 times larger than those of 2u<sub>mf</sub>. Bubble motions have a great effect on the heterogeneous flow pattern, particle dynamics and the redistribution of particle Reynolds stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"35 11","pages":"Article 104691"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}