Applications in engineering science最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing active suspension systems with robust h∞ control and adaptive techniques under uncertainties","authors":"Kumlachew Yeneneh,&nbsp;Menelik Walle,&nbsp;Tatek Mamo,&nbsp;Yared Yalew","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a transformative approach to active suspension control through the development of a hybrid robust-adaptive framework that synergistically combines three advanced techniques: μ-synthesis enhanced H∞ control, model reference adaptation, and real-time frequency-domain optimization. The novel architecture overcomes fundamental limitations in conventional systems by simultaneously addressing (i) parametric uncertainties through structured robustness margins (μ &lt; 1 for ±25 % variations in mass/stiffness), (ii) unstructured road disturbances via adaptive gain scheduling, and (iii) resonant vibrations using closed-loop FFT analysis with 50 ms spectral updates. The controller's dual-degree-of-freedom design introduces a breakthrough solution where the H∞ core guarantees stability while the adaptive module dynamically adjusts damping ratios and stiffness coefficients through Lyapunov-based parameter estimation, achieving 40 % faster convergence than fixed-gain alternatives. Comprehensive simulations under ISO-standardized road profiles demonstrate unprecedented performance: 87.1 % reduction in suspension travel (0.113 m to 0.015 m) and 49.3 % decrease in body acceleration (6.38m/s² to 3.73m/s²) versus passive systems, while maintaining 18 % lower energy consumption than traditional H∞ implementations. The frequency-domain optimization proves particularly effective, reducing resonant peak magnitudes by 62–75 % in the critical 1–4 Hz comfort range and 55 % at the 15 Hz wheel-hop frequency. Practical implementation advantages include compatibility with standard automotive sensors (requiring only accelerometers and displacement sensors), modest computational load (executable on 100 MHz automotive-grade processors), and self-calibrating capability that eliminates manual tuning. These advancements position the framework as an ideal solution for next-generation vehicles, with demonstrated applicability to electric platforms (through regenerative damping integration) and autonomous systems (via V2X communication-enabled predictive adaptation). The research establishes new theoretical foundations for uncertainty management in vehicle dynamics while delivering a commercially viable control strategy validated under realistic operating conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of peak-to-peak amplitude at the base of crimped spiral fins on the air-side performance of crimped spiral fin-and-tube heat exchangers","authors":"Thawatchai Keawkamrop,&nbsp;Somchai Wongwises","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experimental study investigates the effect of peak-to-peak amplitude (PTPA) at the base of a crimped spiral fin (CSF) on the air-side performance of a crimped spiral fin-and-tube heat exchanger (CSFTHX) within a 3000 to 14,000 Reynolds number range. Both plain spiral fins (PSFs) and CSFs are examined. The PTPA is the main geometric parameter of interest in this study. We investigated CSFTHXs with a 19.05 mm outer tube diameter, a fin density of 5 fins per inch (equivalent to a fin pitch of 5.08 mm). The selected peak-to-peak amplitude (PTPA) values—2.5 mm (low), 3.5 mm (medium), and 5.08 mm (high)—cover a representative range commonly used in industrial applications. The results indicate that variations in the PTPA have an insignificant effect on the Colburn factor, suggesting minimal influence on heat transfer performance. However, the PTPA has a significant effect on the friction factor, with higher PTPA values resulting in increased pressure drops. The fin factor, defined as the ratio between the percentage increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient and the corresponding percentage increase in pressure drop, is used for the investigation. For the air frontal velocities above 2 m/s, the fin factor of the CSF with a PTPA of 2.50 mm is higher than those with PTPA values of 3.50 mm and 5.08 mm. This indicates better overall performance in terms of a heat transfer-to-pressure drop trade-off at lower amplitudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process-induced shrinking and warping in additively manufactured polycarbonate plates","authors":"P. Sreejith ,&nbsp;Albert E. Patterson ,&nbsp;K.R. Rajagopal ,&nbsp;Bhaskar Vajipeyajula","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most thermoplastic manufacturing processes, that do not include cutting, involves the melting and re-solidification of the raw material, which results in delamination, warpage, and shrinkage. These undesirable artifacts are introduced due to the build-up of residual stress during fabrication of the part. They not only affect the process reliability and repeatability, but also the service life and aesthetics of the final product. This is of particular concern in extrusion-based additive manufacturing of thermoplastics with relatively high melting temperatures, such as polycarbonate (PC). By controlling the process parameters, a certain degree of influence can be maintained on the multiple heating/cooling cycles and the corresponding phase transformations that induce differential shrinkage in the part. In the current study, the influence of the orientation of the fabricated part (flat and horizontal<span><span>¹</span></span>) on the process history, and as a result on the residual stress distribution in rectangular plates printed using fused filament fabrication (FFF) is studied. This work used a thermodynamically-consistent model previously derived for extrusion-based additive manufacturing to run simulations within ABAQUS. Corresponding experiments were conducted to validate the model, along with the error and repeatability analysis. The final dimensions of the plates measured from the experiments matched exceptionally well with the values measured from the simulations. The simulations predicted that the residual stress distribution in each orientation is extremely different. It mainly depended on the distribution of the weight fraction of the glass phase and temperature, which have significantly distinct patterns in both orientations. The simulation also predicted very different possible failure regions for the plates printed in the flat and horizontal orientations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive manufacturing: shaping the future of the manufacturing industry – overview of trends, challenges and opportunities","authors":"D.E.P. Klenam ,&nbsp;F. McBagonluri ,&nbsp;T.K. Asumadu ,&nbsp;S.A. Osafo ,&nbsp;M.O. Bodunrin ,&nbsp;L. Agyepong ,&nbsp;E.D. Osei ,&nbsp;D. Mornah ,&nbsp;W.O. Soboyejo","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) is an innovative approach to the manufacturing mix globally. In this era of overwhelming complexities, tremendous competition and accelerated change, the increasing drive for rapid prototyping has necessitated the deployment of AM technologies and research. Three-dimensional (3D) modelling, 3D scanning and 3D printing have provided the impetus for design of functional and structural components at industrial scale. To contextualize the manufacturing landscape, an overview, and recent trends of conventional (subtractive) manufacturing technologies are discussed briefly. The challenges associated with these subtractive technologies in an increasingly resource constraint and exponential population growth paved the way for massification of AM approaches. Recent advances in AM technologies and applications in healthcare, construction, automotive and aerospace industries are discussed. The milestones, trends, opportunities, and challenges of AM technologies to the nascent technological landscape of Africa are also discussed. This review identifies AM as a pivotal enabler of Africa Union’s Agenda 2063, offering actionable pathways to overcome persistent challenges in industrial diversification, youth unemployment, and technological self-sufficiency. By leveraging localized AM applications and digital workflows, scalable solutions for sustainable development and manufacturing sovereignty can be realized with implications in leapfrogging the industrialization aspirations of Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling and optimization of different pozzolanic materials in the durability of cement composite by central composite design","authors":"Tsion Amsalu Fode ,&nbsp;Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande ,&nbsp;Thomas Kivevele","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) requires high temperatures and significant energy consumption, leading to environmental pollution and posing challenges to the sustainability of green cementing materials. To address this, numerous researchers have explored replacing cement with various supplementary cementitious materials, such as blast furnace slag, active limestone, and bentonite in concrete or mortar. However, optimizing the combined use of these materials to achieve maximum durability in mortar remains a novel area of study. This research models and optimizes the effects of replacing OPC with blast furnace slag, active limestone, and bentonite in mortar using the central composite design method. The findings reveal that increasing the content of bentonite along with either blast furnace slag or limestone from 0 % to 20 % significantly minimizes strength degradation due to sulfuric acid exposure, improves heat resistance, and lowers water absorption at 28 days. The optimal substitution levels were found to be 20 % for both blast furnace slag and limestone, and 18.54 % for bentonite. The optumal result reduced damage from sulfate attack by 33.4 %, strength loss under high temperatures by 69.04 %, and water absorption by 98.58 % when compared to the control sample. These outcomes were validated experimentally with a 95 % confidence level. Overall, incorporating these SCMs not only improves the durability of mortar but also supports environmental sustainability by reducing CO₂ emissions due to OPC production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axial load induced vibrational changes in nonlocal stress-driven beams","authors":"Indronil Devnath,&nbsp;Mohammad Nazmul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research examines the impact of axial load on the vibrational properties of nonlocal nanobeams. The theory of stress-driven nonlocal elasticity is utilized to characterize the response of the beam, integrating the influence of axial loads as a pivotal element in modifying its dynamic behavior. The governing equations for the beam's vibration are formulated through the application of stress-driven nonlocal elasticity theory, while investigating the influence of varying axial loads on natural frequencies and mode shapes. Analytical solutions are derived, and numerical simulations are performed to corroborate theoretical predictions. The findings indicate that axial loads have a substantial impact on the vibrational response, with alterations in both the natural frequencies and the mode shapes contingent upon the magnitude and direction of the axial load. The results provide significant understanding of the dynamic behavior of beams subjected to axial loads, especially within the framework of nonlocal stress-driven systems, which may have implications for structural health monitoring, vibration control, and material design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phantom Domain Finite Element Method: A novel approach for heterogeneous materials","authors":"Tianlong He,&nbsp;Philippe Karamian-Surville,&nbsp;Daniel Choï","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we introduce the Phantom Domain Finite Element Method (PDFEM), a novel computational approach tailored for the efficient analysis of heterogeneous and composite materials. Inspired by fictitious domain methods, this method employs a structured mesh to discretize the entire material domain while utilizing separate, independent meshes for the inclusions. These inclusion meshes are coupled to the structured mesh via a substitution matrix, enabling them to act as phantom meshes that do not directly contribute to the final system of equations. This framework offers significant advantages, including enhanced flexibility in handling complex inclusion geometries and improved computational efficiency. To assess the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method, numerical experiments are conducted on structures containing inclusions of various geometries. In order to emphasize the efficiency of the PDFEM method, a numerical simulation is presented to highlight its advantages in the case of long natural fibers, such as flax and linen. These simulations are compared against FEM calculations, demonstrating the efficiency of PDFEM. Indeed, meshing such fine structures requires an extremely high number of elements, and in some cases, meshing becomes particularly challenging due to the complexity of the geometries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solution of viscoelastic creep models for anisotropic materials with linear relation between strain and stress but nonlinear with respect to time","authors":"Hiromichi Itou ,&nbsp;Victor A. Kovtunenko ,&nbsp;Gen Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we investigate anisotropic viscoelastic materials describing (both) creep relaxation and aging. The constitutive response is presented by hereditary integrals with memory kernel matrices using the Voigt–Mandel algebra. When the entries of the memory matrix are proportional with respect to time scale, a viscoelastic solution is constructed based on the variational solution of the corresponding anisotropic linear elastic problem. Example equations are presented, e.g., for orthotropic elastic materials, for standard linear solid (Zener) and Burgers viscoelastic models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical feedback mechanisms in a multiscale sliding filament model of lymphatic muscle pumping","authors":"Peter Y. Xie ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Morris ,&nbsp;Christopher D. Bertram ,&nbsp;Michael J. Davis ,&nbsp;Samira Jamalian ,&nbsp;Mohammad Jafarnejad ,&nbsp;David C. Zawieja ,&nbsp;James E. Moore Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lymphatic system maintains bodily fluid balance by returning interstitial fluid to the venous system. Flow can occur through a combination of extrinsic pumping, due to forces from surrounding tissues, and intrinsic pumping involving contractions of muscle in the lymphatic vessel walls. Lymph transport is important not only for fluid homeostasis, but also for immune function, as lymph is a carrier for immune cells. Lymphatic muscle cells exhibit both cardiac-like phasic contractions to generate flow and smooth-muscle-like tonic contractions to regulate flow. Lymphatic vessels are sensitive to mechanical stimuli, including flow-induced shear stresses and pressure-induced vessel stretch. These forces modulate biochemical pathways, leading to changes in intracellular calcium that trigger contractile proteins. Employing a multiscale computational model of lymphatic muscle coupled to a lumped-parameter model of lymphatic pumping, we developed and validated a feedback control model of subcellular mechanisms that modulate lymphatic pumping. Following verification that the model reproduced results from axial or transmural pressure difference-controlled experiments, we tested the model's ability to match results from experiments imposing upstream/downstream pressure ramps or a sudden increase in downstream resistance. Inter-lymphangion signaling was necessary to reproduce downstream pressure ramp experiments, but otherwise the model predicted behaviors under these more complex conditions. A better understanding of the mechanobiology of lymphatic contractions can help guide future lymphatic vessel experiments, providing a basis for developing better treatments for lymphatic dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Random vibration study of cold rolling mill excited by different hardness of strip steel","authors":"Weiquan Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Yan ,&nbsp;Shen Wang ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Weijing Yun ,&nbsp;Yuchen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100213","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose:&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The hardness of individual steel strips demonstrates inherent variability in actual production processes. Systematic hardness testing must be conducted to investigate the distribution patterns of strip hardness. Furthermore, analyzing the random vibration characteristics of cold rolling mill models under varying strip hardness conditions is essential for elucidating the complex vibration mechanisms involved in rolling operations. This investigation offers critical insights into establishing correlations between material properties and dynamic responses in industrial rolling processes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods:&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The surface hardness of the strip was first systematically measured using standardized Vickers testing. Subsequent statistical analysis, employing Gaussian probability distribution principles, verified the hardness measurements’ stochastic characteristics. This probabilistic characterization provided essential load input parameters (PSD data) for the cold rolling mill system’s finite element-based random vibration analysis. The established three-dimensional model was imported into ANSYS Workbench software to construct the framework for the random vibration analysis. Utilizing the modal superposition method, boundary conditions were defined to incorporate the statistical characteristics of strip hardness. Finite element simulations were conducted to resolve the probability density distributions of mill vibration responses under varying strip hardness conditions. Post-processing in MATLAB enabled a quantitative analysis of power spectral density (PSD) responses, establishing correlations between strip surface hardness parameters and dynamic vibration characteristics.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results:&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Surface hardness measurements of the three strips demonstrated significant inter-sample variability. Statistical analysis revealed that while the hardness fluctuations followed Gaussian distribution patterns, notable discrepancies were observed in probability distribution skewness and statistical central tendencies. When the average surface hardness of the strip decreases, the amplitude and overall frequency range of vibrations in the cold continuous rolling mill diminish. However, specific frequencies (35 Hz, 131 Hz, and 246 Hz) still appear alongside an interesting amplitude dynamic where the lower work roll exhibits higher vibration than the upper one. Additionally, a significant positive correlation exists between surface hardness deviation and both vibration amplitude and frequency range, indicating that larger deviations in surface hardness lead to more pronounced vibrations. This relationship highlights the influence of surface properties on the mechanical behavior of the rolling mill during operation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;It is of great significance to study the vibration characteristics of the rolling mill and reveal its vibration mechanism, as this research provides insights","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}