Applications in engineering science最新文献

{"title":"Predicting compressive strength of composite concrete materials by integrating machine learning techniques","authors":"H.R. Mahalingegowda ,&nbsp;B.K. Narendra ,&nbsp;J.G. Poornima ,&nbsp;D.N. Jyothi ,&nbsp;C. Durga Prasad ,&nbsp;B.J. Panditharadhya ,&nbsp;B.K. Pavan Kumar ,&nbsp;B.K. Siddartha ,&nbsp;B.N. Shobha ,&nbsp;Subramanya R. Prabhu","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the prediction of compressive strength in composite concrete materials made from industrial and agricultural by-products combined with conventional materials. The compressive strength of these composite materials is influenced by the ratios of the components used. Two machine learning techniques, Neural Network Regression Model and Ensemble Learning for Regression are employed to forecast the compressive strength based on experimental data from destructive tests on various composite mixes. The models are optimized using genetic algorithms and surrogate optimization methods for hyperparameter. The results of this study are significant in that they demonstrate the strong performance of both models in predicting compressive strength. The NNRM achieved a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9187, while the Ensemble Learning model outperformed with an R² of 0.9979. This high level of accuracy in the predictions highlights the potential of machine learning to effectively forecast material properties, allowing for better design and optimization of composite concrete materials. Such predictions can lead to significant practical benefits, such as more efficient use of raw materials and a reduction in the need for costly experimental testing. Moreover, improved predictions can enhance the durability and performance of composite materials, potentially reducing maintenance costs and increasing the lifespan of structures made with these materials. The study also emphasizes the importance of sensitivity analysis, which identifies key factors influencing compressive strength, enabling manufacturers to prioritize specific material properties for optimal results, this research not only contributes to the scientific understanding of composite material behavior but also has practical implications for cost savings, improved material durability, and the advancement of sustainable construction practices through optimized material design and performance prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational analysis of rest and exercise flow conditions in stenosed arteries using an in-house artificial compressibility solver","authors":"Priyambada Praharaj ,&nbsp;Chandrakant Sonawane ,&nbsp;Arunkumar Bongale ,&nbsp;Vikas Kumar ,&nbsp;Choon Kit Chan ,&nbsp;Subhav Singh ,&nbsp;Deekshant Varsheny ,&nbsp;Huidan Yu ,&nbsp;Nithesh Naik","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates pulsatile incompressible flow through a stenosed artery-like geometry using a high-accuracy in-house numerical solver based on the artificial compressibility method. The artery is modeled as an axis-symmetric, rigid-walled conduit 45% area reduction due to stenosis. The flow is assumed incompressible, laminar, pulsatile and Newtonian. Centerline axial velocity profiles and wall shear stress (WSS) are computed at three axial locations and evaluated at selected phases of the cardiac cycle, with validation against available experimental and numerical data. The results demonstrate that the peak velocity scales directly with the flow rate. Simulations are performed using two physiological inlet velocity waveforms representing rest and exercise conditions. Under exercise conditions, the predicted WSS is approximately twice that observed during rest. Additionally, stenoses of varying severities and geometrical shapes (trapezoidal and bell-shaped) are constructed and compared. For both geometries, increasing stenosis severity leads to higher WSS, stronger near-wall flow reversal, and increased peak velocity at the stenosis throat. For the same degree of stenosis, trapezoidal geometries induce higher WSS than bell-shaped geometries. These findings highlight the combined importance of stenosis severity and geometric morphology in the hemodynamic assessment of cardiovascular diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-dependent nonlocal micropolar fractional thermoelasticity for Rayleigh waves in skin tissue","authors":"Maaz Ali Khan ,&nbsp;Usman Riaz ,&nbsp;Adnan Jahangir ,&nbsp;Afzal Rahman ,&nbsp;Sohail Rehman","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Capturing the behavior of thermo-mechanical waves propagating in biological soft tissues is essential for enhancing the accuracy of diagnostic elastography, thermal treatments, and wearable health technologies. Existing theories are inadequate to describe microstructural variability, size-scale effects, memory effects in time, and non-Fourier heat conduction in living skin subjected to dynamic loading. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first comprehensive model of Rayleigh surface waves in human skin that simultaneously integrates Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory, micropolar (Cosserat) continuum theory, Caputo’s fractional-order viscoelasticity, and a three-phase-lag (TPL) bioheat transfer model with temperature-dependent material properties. Analytical expressions derived through harmonic analysis provide dispersion relations for phase velocity, attenuation, penetration depth, and specific heat loss. The physical implications of this unified coupling are profound: the nonlocal elastic parameter directly increases the effective stiffness sensed by surface acoustic waves, the fractional order controls the memory-dependent energy dissipation and dispersion, the temperature-sensitivity parameter captures the softening of the skin with varying ambient conditions, and the micropolar vortex and spin-gradient viscosities exert opposing influences on wave speed and attenuation, thereby providing a complete and physically consistent “signature” of the tissue’s thermo-mechanical state. These insights are essential for non-invasive monitoring of dermal pathologies, for planning thermal therapies, and for calibrating wearable sensors under variable skin temperatures. Numerical results demonstrate that elastic nonlocality increases wave speed and localization, the fractional order determines memory-related dispersion and dissipation, temperature dependence causes softening and damping, and micropolar parameters exhibit opposite influences: spin-gradient viscosity reduces wave speed, while vortex coupling increases it. Global sensitivity analysis using variance ranks phase-lag times, elastic nonlocality, and fractional order as the most influential parameters, while micropolar and temperature-dependent parameters become important for dissipation-related measures. The findings provide quantitative insights for elastography, thermal treatment planning, and wearable technology design, exemplifying that a comprehensive model of skin waves must simultaneously account for nonlocal elasticity, micropolar kinematics, fractional viscoelasticity, and generalized bioheat transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel di-convolution nonlocal elasticity with applications to beam bending","authors":"D. Indronil,&nbsp;I.M. Nazmul","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional nonlocal elasticity models often rely on empirical mono-convolution kernels, which may limit their ability to capture complex size-dependent phenomena or result in mathematical inconsistencies. To address these limitations, this study introduces a Di-Convolution Elasticity framework that generalizes constitutive behavior using two independent convolution kernels acting on stress and strain fields. Unlike purely empirical approaches, this framework is rigorously derived via functional equation theory, resulting in versatile additive and multiplicative kernel structures that accommodate both identical and non-identical kernel pairs. An integro-differential governing equation for beam statics is developed and solved analytically through Laplace transformations. Numerical applications to simply supported and cantilever beams demonstrate the model’s ability to predict size-dependent deflections, maintain nonparadoxical behavior, and seamlessly recover classical elasticity in the local limit. Comparative analysis against existing mono-convolution models highlights the superior accuracy and mathematical robustness of the Di-Convolution approach, providing a more comprehensive and physically insightful tool for the analysis of small-scale structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using multi-wave technique to characterize the rheological response of bitumen","authors":"I. Catherine Sanchana,&nbsp;J. Murali Krishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rheological characterization of bitumen commonly assumes that, within the linear viscoelastic (LVE) regime, the measured response is independent of the loading protocol. While this assumption is generally valid for simple polymeric systems, its applicability to bitumen, which exhibits a heterogeneous microstructure and a broad relaxation spectrum, remains unclear. The present study investigates the influence of loading history on the rheological response of an unmodified bitumen using multi-wave and frequency sweep experiments conducted at 0, 20, 40, and 60 <span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span>. Both experiments employ identical amplitudes and frequencies (0.1–2.5 Hz) but differ in the temporal sequence of loading. Full waveform data obtained from stress- and strain-controlled experiments are analyzed using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) techniques to determine linear viscoelastic parameters and the corresponding relaxation spectrum. The results show measurable deviations between multi-wave and frequency sweep responses, particularly at lower temperatures, despite satisfying conventional criteria for linear viscoelasticity. These differences are interpreted in terms of the distinct strain-rate histories imposed by the two loading protocols and their interaction with the material’s relaxation behavior. The study demonstrates that, for bitumen, linear viscoelasticity does not necessarily imply protocol independence. The findings have implications for the interpretation of rheological measurements and the application of multi-frequency techniques to materials with complex relaxation characteristics. The investigation is limited to an unmodified bitumen and the experimentally accessible frequency range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A wavelet approach to the solution of Ermakov-Pinney equation","authors":"Om Namha Shivay ,&nbsp;Saurabh Chandra Maury ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Rahul ,&nbsp;Ravi Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ermakov–Pinney (EP) equation is well known for its exact solvability and its connection to time-dependent harmonic oscillators. However, for cases involving complex or time-dependent parameters, numerical approaches become essential. This work employs the Haar wavelet method to solve the EP equation under various forms and conditions. We demonstrate the efficacy of the method by solving a range of initial and boundary value problems, comparing the results with exact solutions and those obtained via the Runge–Kutta method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic application of the Haar wavelet method to the EP equation with time-dependent frequency and coupled boundary conditions. Our findings indicate that the Haar wavelet method is not only easier to implement but also yields superior accuracy compared to the Runge–Kutta approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On optimal PZT patch disposition for energy harvesting from statistically modelled rainfalls","authors":"Claudia Zara ,&nbsp;Andrea Venturi ,&nbsp;Daniele Dessi ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Ruta","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate rain-induced energy harvesting by exploiting the oscillatory response of piezoelectric devices in cantilever configuration subjected to raindrop impacts. The kinetic energy transferred by rainfall events is modelled basing on a statistical distribution implemented here, inspired by established formulations from meteorological literature. The coupled electromechanical governing equations of the piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) are derived via Hamilton’s principle, modelling the system as a purely flexible Euler–Bernoulli beam. While such a model is standard in the literature, this work focuses on configurations in which the piezoelectric patches partially cover the supporting cantilever. The exact governing equations are obtained for this case, so that a subsequent configuration optimisation relevant to the rainfall distribution can be performed. The resulting system is solved numerically to capture the transient response induced by raindrop impacts. A parametric optimisation of the device geometry and patch placement is then performed, showing that, for suitable configurations, rain-induced excitation may yield energetically favourable operating conditions. These results represent a first step towards the development of small-scale piezoelectric harvesters for rainfall-driven energy conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of recycled waste nylon granules and treated sisal fiber on the physical, mechanical, and durability properties of sustainable concrete","authors":"Tsion Amsalu Fode ,&nbsp;Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande ,&nbsp;Thomas Kivevele ,&nbsp;Nima Rahbar","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waste nylon is a highly polluting synthetic material and a group of polymers. Previous studies have investigated recycled nylon granules and sisal fibre separately, while others explored the combined use of waste water bottle as a fibre and treated sisal fibre in concrete. However, it is novel to use recycled nylon granules as fine aggregate with and without treated sisal fibre in concrete mixture. A comprehensive laboratory program was conducted, including workability, density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, water absorption, crack width, elevated temperature tests up to 400 °C, and microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy for concrete containing different recycled nylon granule doses and treated sisal fibers. The results show that the use of recycled nylon granules and treated sisal fibers increased the workability, compressive and splitting tensile strength, and significantly reduced the fresh and dry density, crack width, and water absorption of concrete. The use of recycled nylon granules and treated sisal fibers at GF5 increased the compressive strength by 25.62% and 6.61%, respectively, at 28 and 56 days, and 26.67% splitting tensile strength at 28 days compared to the control mixture. However, the mass of concrete sample G5 lost at 400 °C was 64.23% higher than that of the concrete sample with recycled nylon granules at an elevated temperature of 150 °C. In general, the combined use of recycled nylon granules and treated sisal fibers shows an effective approach to enhance the physical, mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of concrete, even when exposed to elevated temperatures of 200 °C. Moreover, this practice contributes to reducing environmental pollution caused by plastic waste and promotes the use of biodegradable materials for sustainable concrete production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the use of artificial intelligence and no-tension models in the post-earthquake preliminary assessment of masonry structures","authors":"Fernando Fraternali ,&nbsp;Hazar Etteyeb ,&nbsp;Angela Lato ,&nbsp;Rana Nazifi Charandabi ,&nbsp;Mario Spagnuolo ,&nbsp;Carlo Olivieri ,&nbsp;Francesco Fabbrocino ,&nbsp;Angelo Ciaramella ,&nbsp;Ada Amendola","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an artificial intelligence-assisted visual inspection procedure and a preliminary resilience assessment technique for the post-earthquake evaluation of masonry structures affected by major Italian earthquakes since 1980. A dataset of 250 images, collected during official surveys conducted by the Italian Civil Protection Department, was analyzed to automatically identify earthquake-induced damage patterns in spatial masonry components. The images, acquired both inside and outside damaged buildings and domed structures, were divided into training, validation, and test sets. The proposed methodology, although still at a preliminary stage due to the limited size of the dataset employed, aims to advance the use of artificial intelligence as a decision-support tool for enhancing structural resilience in post-earthquake scenarios, with particular attention to historic masonry constructions. After training, the AI model achieved a strong ability to correctly identify earthquake-induced damage patterns in masonry structures. The model was also deployed for inference on previously unseen test images, where the predicted bounding boxes qualitatively confirmed its effectiveness in detecting damage patterns. From a mechanical standpoint, the proposed approach supports the formulation of discrete no-tension models for masonry walls and domes affected by seismic events, based on the damage predictions provided by the AI-assisted detection procedure, which are subsequently translated into mechanical representations through engineering-driven post-processing operations. A recently developed strut-and-net approach is then employed to verify the existence of a network of compressed masonry struts capable of sustaining the vertical and horizontal loads acting on the examined structural systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How deformable Gurney flaps combined to droop nose leading edge affecting the output power of flapping wind turbine?","authors":"Charaf-Eddine Bensaci ,&nbsp;Mohamed Taher Bouzaher ,&nbsp;Khaoula Ikhlef ,&nbsp;Ammar Zeghloul ,&nbsp;Abdelhamid Bouhelal","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of fixed and movable Gurney flaps on the aerodynamic characteristics of various devices, including flapping airfoils and vertical and horizontal axis turbines, has been widely studied. This paper presents a novel idea of Deformable Gurney Flap (DGF) combined with a Droop-Nose Leading-Edge (DNLE), which aims to enhance the output power of flapping airfoils in a reversed D configuration. The core mechanism involves actuating the DNLE to rapidly increase the drag profile with a deflection velocity (i.e. twice that of the main airfoil) thereby maximizing the power extracted via horizontal motion, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. Crucially, the DNLE is deployed only when the main airfoil's motion aligns with the direction of the resultant drag force. The primary advantage of the DGF-DNLE architecture is its ability to provide complete control over the flap's aerodynamic influence throughout the complex flapping cycle. The DGF's capacity for controlled expansion and contraction allows for timely and precise adjustments to the pressure distribution, thereby optimizing the integrated lift and drag coefficients. A comprehensive numerical analysis, conducted using a two-dimensional transient simulation with an adapted dynamic mesh, demonstrated a 21 % increase in the overall output power compared to the baseline configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}