Applications in engineering science最新文献

How deformable Gurney flaps combined to droop nose leading edge affecting the output power of flapping wind turbine? 可变形轮尼襟翼与下垂的机头前缘结合对扑翼风力发电机输出功率的影响？

IF 2.1

Applications in engineering science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100286

Charaf-Eddine Bensaci , Mohamed Taher Bouzaher , Khaoula Ikhlef , Ammar Zeghloul , Abdelhamid Bouhelal

{"title":"How deformable Gurney flaps combined to droop nose leading edge affecting the output power of flapping wind turbine?","authors":"Charaf-Eddine Bensaci , Mohamed Taher Bouzaher , Khaoula Ikhlef , Ammar Zeghloul , Abdelhamid Bouhelal","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of fixed and movable Gurney flaps on the aerodynamic characteristics of various devices, including flapping airfoils and vertical and horizontal axis turbines, has been widely studied. This paper presents a novel idea of Deformable Gurney Flap (DGF) combined with a Droop-Nose Leading-Edge (DNLE), which aims to enhance the output power of flapping airfoils in a reversed D configuration. The core mechanism involves actuating the DNLE to rapidly increase the drag profile with a deflection velocity (i.e. twice that of the main airfoil) thereby maximizing the power extracted via horizontal motion, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. Crucially, the DNLE is deployed only when the main airfoil's motion aligns with the direction of the resultant drag force. The primary advantage of the DGF-DNLE architecture is its ability to provide complete control over the flap's aerodynamic influence throughout the complex flapping cycle. The DGF's capacity for controlled expansion and contraction allows for timely and precise adjustments to the pressure distribution, thereby optimizing the integrated lift and drag coefficients. A comprehensive numerical analysis, conducted using a two-dimensional transient simulation with an adapted dynamic mesh, demonstrated a 21 % increase in the overall output power compared to the baseline configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An intelligent multi-objective robust design optimization framework based on PathLine Transformation and surrogate-assisted sampling for uncertainty-aware airfoil design 基于路径变换和代理辅助采样的智能多目标稳健设计优化框架

IF 2.1

Applications in engineering science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2026.100310

Auraluck Pichitkul , Anusorn Boksawat , Tharathep Phiboon , Suradet Tantrairatn , Sujin Bureerat , Rattanaporn Kasemsri , Atthaphon Ariyarit

{"title":"An intelligent multi-objective robust design optimization framework based on PathLine Transformation and surrogate-assisted sampling for uncertainty-aware airfoil design","authors":"Auraluck Pichitkul , Anusorn Boksawat , Tharathep Phiboon , Suradet Tantrairatn , Sujin Bureerat , Rattanaporn Kasemsri , Atthaphon Ariyarit","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces an intelligent multi-objective robust design optimization (MORDO) framework designed to overcome the computational bottlenecks of uncertainty-aware aerodynamic design. The core innovation lies in the PathLine Transformation (PaLiTra)—a novel adaptive sampling architecture that performs a structural audit of the uncertainty space to maximize information gain. Unlike conventional sampling methods that suffer from data redundancy, PaLiTra adaptively identifies optimal transformation directions to refine surrogate accuracy with minimal high-fidelity evaluations. The framework integrates Kriging-based surrogates with the Expected Hypervolume Improvement (EHVI) criterion to efficiently discover the robust Pareto front, balancing the maximization of mean aerodynamic efficiency (<em>C</em><sub>l</sub>/<em>C</em><sub>d</sub>) with the minimization of performance sensitivity. Validation through the Rosenbrock benchmark and a cantilever beam problem demonstrates that the proposed framework achieves high-fidelity statistical stability (<strong>R</strong><sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.99) at a fraction of the computational cost required by traditional Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS). Application to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) airfoil design further confirms that the framework identifies diverse, high-quality robust solutions under operational fluctuations where standard deterministic designs fail. The results establish PaLiTra as a highly efficient and scalable tool for complex engineering problems where exhaustive sampling is computationally prohibitive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical analysis of heat transfer enhancement in step-aside cavities with splitter plate assistance 分流板辅助下阶梯空腔强化传热的数值分析

IF 2.1

Applications in engineering science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100287

Amogh Ashwin Thondavadi , Ansh Parihar , A․Senthil Kumar , P․Rajesh Kanna

{"title":"Numerical analysis of heat transfer enhancement in step-aside cavities with splitter plate assistance","authors":"Amogh Ashwin Thondavadi , Ansh Parihar , A․Senthil Kumar , P․Rajesh Kanna","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing heat transfer from backward-facing step (BFS) flows is important for thermal management in applications like solar air heaters, compact heat exchangers, and cooling devices for electronics. This study provides a detailed numerical analysis of how flow diverters can improve the thermal performance of a BFS channel with semi-circular cavities on the bottom wall, using water as the working fluid. It examines two-dimensional, incompressible, steady-state laminar flow with forced convection at low Reynolds numbers equal to 100 and 200. The analysis focuses into the effects of three strategically placed splitter plates, each positioned above the circular cavity sections, with the plates angled in 15° increments. Key features such as recirculation vortices, reattachment points, and the thermal boundary layer were examined to explore the hydrodynamics and heat transfer characteristics. The position of the splitter plate alters the local u velocity significantly. The thermal performance shows favorable results, but the friction factor is also increased when placing splitter plates. The results show that almost all splitter plate configurations improve heat transfer, while certain scenarios, such as plates at 0° at Re = 200, do not enhance it compared to the base case without splitter plates. The average Nusselt number increases by up to 33 % at Re = 100 and 46 % at Re = 200 for the best plate configurations. The 30° splitter plate angle was found to be the optimal setup for maximizing thermal performance. Flow visualization shows that angled plates direct the mainstream flow toward cavity sections, improving fluid mixing and disrupting the thermal boundary layers. The presence of secondary vortex structures behind the splitter plates causes a significant effect on local heat transfer, with local Nusselt number peaks occurring at the cavity's singular points.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A self-aspirated two-layer porous radiant burner for high-efficiency biogas cookstoves: Experimental performance and emission analysis 一种用于高效沼气炉灶的自吸式双层多孔辐射燃烧器：实验性能及排放分析

IF 2.1

Applications in engineering science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100289

Yared Yalew Temesgen , Kamil Dino Adem , Kumlachew Yeneneh

{"title":"A self-aspirated two-layer porous radiant burner for high-efficiency biogas cookstoves: Experimental performance and emission analysis","authors":"Yared Yalew Temesgen , Kamil Dino Adem , Kumlachew Yeneneh","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design, development, and validation of a self-aspirated two-layer porous radiant burner (PRB) for high-efficiency biogas cookstoves meant for off-grid and resource-constrained households are presented in this study. To improve flame stability, encourage air-fuel mixing, and facilitate passive jet-ejector entrainment without the need for external blowers, the burner combines a silicon carbide (SiC) combustion zone with a cast-iron preheating zone. Thermal efficiencies of 51–59% were found through experimental evaluation using water-boiling and emission tests. This performance was close to forced-air PRB performance (53–61%) and exceeded that of conventional biogas burners (46–54%). Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) and carbon monoxide (CO) decreased by 29.6% and 79.4%, respectively, indicating cleaner and more thorough combustion. The system's performance parity was confirmed by comparative benchmarking with current porous burner technologies; it achieved 97% efficiency equivalency to forced-air PRBs while removing the need for auxiliary power. Environmental analysis showed an annual reduction of about 12 kg CO₂-eq emissions per household, while economic analysis showed a payback period of about 11 months due to biogas savings of about 9%. Thus, the self-aspired PRB offers a technically sound, financially viable, and ecologically advantageous solution for the sustainable use of biogas. These results transform the design from a proof-of-concept into a verified, ready-to-use candidate for implementation in clean cooking initiatives in Ethiopia and other developing nations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data driven performance prediction and optimization model for a nano-lubricated multi-pad active journal bearing using modified Krieger–Dougherty viscosity and couple stress models 基于改进Krieger-Dougherty黏度和耦合应力模型的纳米润滑多垫主动滑动轴承性能预测与优化模型

IF 2.1

Applications in engineering science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2026.100293

Girish Hariharan, Nitesh Kumar, Shiva Kumar, Shivani S, Subraya Krishna Bhat, Meghana Kundala Navada, Ganesha Aroor

{"title":"Data driven performance prediction and optimization model for a nano-lubricated multi-pad active journal bearing using modified Krieger–Dougherty viscosity and couple stress models","authors":"Girish Hariharan, Nitesh Kumar, Shiva Kumar, Shivani S, Subraya Krishna Bhat, Meghana Kundala Navada, Ganesha Aroor","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High demand for optimum bearing operation with suppressed vibration amplitudes and enhanced stability has led to the advent of active/controllable fluid film bearings. Integration of active bearing technology in turbomachinery applications facilitates reduced energy losses and supports resource-efficient, sustainable operation. In the present study, a novel form of active journal bearing with multiple adjustable elements is designed to modify the hydrodynamic behavior of rotor bearing systems. Along with pad adjustments, improved bearing performance will be attained due to the presence of Titanium dioxide nanoparticle additives in oil. Theoretical modelling is performed using modified Krieger-Dougherty viscosity method to predict the relative viscosities of nano-Titanium dioxide oil by considering the volume fraction and aggregate size of nanoparticles. A variable viscosity method is utilized to evaluate the steady state characteristics in a multi-pad adjustable bearing operated with nano-Titanium dioxide lubricant. Using Response Surface Methodology approach, process parameters are mapped to the output parameters to identify the operating zone of the adjustable fluid film bearing and nature of response variation. Further, appropriate weights are assigned to three output parameters to identify the optimum combination of input parameters to attain an improvement in bearing performance characteristics. In the normal operating zone, pad adjustments in negative radial and tilt adjustments play a significant role in influencing the peak bearing pressures and loa capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensor-assisted modeling and prediction of arc dynamics in MIAB welding using Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks and exponential-trigonometric optimization 基于Kolmogorov-Arnold网络和指数三角优化的MIAB焊接电弧动力学传感器辅助建模和预测

IF 2.1

Applications in engineering science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100264

Ammar H. Elsheikh , Arungalai Vendan S , Mukti Chaturvedi , Mohammed Azmi Al-Betar , Mohamed Abd Elaziz , Qusai Yousef Shambour

{"title":"Sensor-assisted modeling and prediction of arc dynamics in MIAB welding using Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks and exponential-trigonometric optimization","authors":"Ammar H. Elsheikh , Arungalai Vendan S , Mukti Chaturvedi , Mohammed Azmi Al-Betar , Mohamed Abd Elaziz , Qusai Yousef Shambour","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt welding process for joining low-carbon steel tubes with 27 mm outer diameter and 1.5 mm wall thickness, focusing on the dynamic behavior of the arc and its influence on weld quality. Departing from traditional approaches that emphasize mechanical and metallurgical assessments, this work explores the predictive value of secondary response parameters, specifically arc sound, arc light intensity, and arc temperature. A sensor-integrated data acquisition system was employed to monitor these responses in real time during the welding process. To model and predict these dynamic responses, a Kolmogorov–Arnold Network was developed and optimized using the Exponential Trigonometric Optimization algorithm. Among the models evaluated, the optimized network achieved a coefficient of determination of 0.9889 and a root mean square error of 9.73 decibels for sound intensity prediction, demonstrating high accuracy and strong generalization. These findings highlight the potential of sensor-guided, data-driven modeling as a robust tool for real-time monitoring and control of advanced welding processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural analysis of a very low-head axial hydro turbine 甚低水头轴流式水轮机结构分析

IF 2.1

Applications in engineering science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100278

Desta Lemma Gebrewold , Stefan Riedelbauch , Edessa Dribssa

{"title":"Structural analysis of a very low-head axial hydro turbine","authors":"Desta Lemma Gebrewold , Stefan Riedelbauch , Edessa Dribssa","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents the structural analysis of a newly designed very low-head hydraulic turbine with a tip diameter of 4.5 m. It can accommodate large discharges up to 22.87 m<sup>3</sup>/s to generate electricity from an irrigation canal near a rural community in Ethiopia. For the first time, the structural integrity of a very low-head turbine is investigated by employing well established methods from fluid dynamics and structural dynamics. Methodologically, static structural and vibroacoustic analyses were performed in vacuum and water to identify the respective mode shapes and eigenfrequencies. The static pressure from prior computational fluid dynamics simulations was mapped onto the runner structure to examine the static stress distribution through finite element analysis. The unsteady pressure field was also assessed to estimate the dynamic stress level and the risk of resonance in the turbine runner under the expected loading conditions. The findings reveal that there are no significant failure risks associated with static stresses or fatigue induced by dynamic stresses. Safety factors of 13.3 and 88 were obtained for static and dynamic stress, respectively, using structural steel as the runner material. Moreover, understanding the structural behavior of very low-head turbines is enhanced by identifying the various vibration mode shapes and eigenfrequencies. The eigenfrequencies reduction ratio in water relative to vacuum was found to be between 37.43 % and 31.82 % for the first ten modes, which aligns well with results from conventional hydraulic turbines. Overall, the results pave the way for the safe deployment of this turbine at a pilot site, providing electricity and marking a significant milestone towards the widespread adoption of this technology. This way, the nation's abundant hydropower resources in existing hydraulic structures and rivers can be harnessed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From compressive strength studies to predictive machine learning models: Rubberised concrete containing brick powder 从抗压强度研究到预测机器学习模型：含砖粉的橡胶混凝土

IF 2.1

Applications in engineering science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2026.100298

David Sinkhonde , Derrick Mirindi , Tajebe Bezabih , Frederic Mirindi

{"title":"From compressive strength studies to predictive machine learning models: Rubberised concrete containing brick powder","authors":"David Sinkhonde , Derrick Mirindi , Tajebe Bezabih , Frederic Mirindi","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Through waste tire rubber recycling and thanks to very simple pozzolanic materials such as brick powder (BP), it has been demonstrated that sustainable construction can be achieved during concrete production. Since concrete is a heterogeneous material with variable and complex behaviour by nature, it is important to incorporate machine learning (ML) models in forecasting its behaviour. Although ML models have been employed for predicting concrete containing BP and/or tire rubber aggregate (TRA), no studies have explored the use of adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), gradient boosting regression (GBR), cluster regression, multilayer perceptron (MLP) and Gaussian process (GP) models to forecast the behaviour of rubberised concrete containing BP. In this comprehensive research, the foregoing ML algorithms are employed to forecast the compressive strength of rubberised concrete with BP. The findings illustrate that the GBR model is superior during predictions for the training, validation and testing stages, as evidenced by higher R<sup>2</sup> values ranging from 0.77 to 0.98. SHarpley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis results reward age as the highest influential variable having an average SHAP value of 3.561, followed by tire rubber aggregate, coarse aggregate and cement. In addition, pronounced model performance differences are observed using the Taylor diagram analysis. The research also establishes a predominantly overfitting behaviour displayed by most folds during k-fold cross-validation. Regularisation of the model is proposed to prevent overfitting by penalising model complexity. The ML algorithms are competent to predict the compressive strength of rubberised concrete with BP well, thereby enabling practitioners and engineers to make versatile decisions regarding concrete mix designs and quality controls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of one-side wart-type roughness on flow dynamics in open channels: experimental and statistical analysis 单侧疣型粗糙度对明渠流动动力学的影响：实验和统计分析

IF 2.1

Applications in engineering science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100283

Hossein Sohrabzadeh Anzani, Sameh Ahmed Kantoush, Sohei Kobayashi

{"title":"Influence of one-side wart-type roughness on flow dynamics in open channels: experimental and statistical analysis","authors":"Hossein Sohrabzadeh Anzani, Sameh Ahmed Kantoush, Sohei Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate estimation of Manning’s roughness coefficient (<em>n</em>) is critical for modeling open-channel flow dynamics, particularly in steep-gradient streams where conventional empirical methods often fail to represent complex resistance mechanisms. This study enhances the understanding of hydraulic resistance through controlled experiments conducted in a 7-m Plexiglas flume at the Ujigawa Hydraulic Laboratory, Kyoto University. Two experimental conditions were examined: a smooth channel, serving as a reference case, and a channel with one-sided wart-type roughness installed at 20-cm intervals. Measurements included velocity profiles and energy dissipation patterns, with emphasis on the cumulative downstream effects of roughness. The rough-bed condition exhibited skimming flow and localized turbulence, captured through three-dimensional velocity measurements and heatmap analyses. This is the first controlled study of one-sided (asymmetric) hemispherical wart-type roughness in steep open channels (<em>S</em>/<em>K</em> ≈ 5.71, wake-interference regime). Unlike symmetric roughness, the unilateral arrangement generates lateral secondary currents and a cumulative downstream increase of Manning’s n by up to 40 %. Statistical testing confirmed that roughness-induced differences were highly significant (<em>p</em> = 0.000741), while sensitivity analysis demonstrated the strong dependence of <em>n</em> on roughness density. The findings underscore the necessity of accounting for spatially variable roughness in hydraulic models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanics and thermodynamics: A link between the two theories 力学和热力学：两个理论之间的联系

IF 2.1

Applications in engineering science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2026.100297

Henri Gouin

引用次数: 0