Applications in engineering science最新文献

{"title":"Advances in endovascular aortic repair","authors":"Timothy D. Chilton ,&nbsp;Matthew R. Smeds ,&nbsp;Kristofer M. Charlton-Ouw","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The treatment of degenerative aortic disease has largely shifted to endovascular repair due to lower short-term morbidity and mortality with similar costs and operative times when compared to the traditional open approach. Ongoing endograft development in combination with improved endovascular techniques have allowed vascular surgeons to extend endovascular treatment offerings to previously hostile and unfavorable patient anatomy. Modern endografts are now placed using smaller delivery systems designed to better accommodate a diverse patient population. New endograft designs allow for improved, patient-specific surgical plan. In patients where endovascular repair is desired but commercially available grafts are not available, endograft modification and adjunctive stenting remains an alternative.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666496822000322/pdfft?md5=943bd535b20174b8908324cbd01077ee&pid=1-s2.0-S2666496822000322-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46281051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Silico Modelling of Aortic Strain and Strain Rate in Aortic Coarctation Treated with Stent Angioplasty with Comparison to Clinical Cohorts","authors":"Nicholas Gaddum ,&nbsp;Des Dillon-Murphy ,&nbsp;Richard Arm ,&nbsp;Isma Rafiq ,&nbsp;Radomir Chabiniok ,&nbsp;Gareth Morgan ,&nbsp;Tobias Schaeffter ,&nbsp;Tarique Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Treatment of aortic coarctation has seen a shift from traditional surgical repair to the use of aortic stents. The aim of this study was to assess the impact upon hemodynamics and arterial strain when aortic coarctation is treated with a stent using an experimental coarctation model, and to confirm any findings in a clinical cohort using MRI.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An experimental patient model included a silicone arterial tree, and ventricular stroke profile was derived from patient MRI data. Pressure, flow and aortic strain was measured before and after stent placement in the model. A clinical study comprised of strain measurements using MRI in two patient cohorts; those treated with a stent, and those treated with surgical repair.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Before stent placement, peak strain decreased as the pulse propagated away from the aortic valve. After stent placement however, peak strain was amplified as it approached the stent, despite peak systolic pressure having dropped by 20 mmHg. Introduction of the stent caused an almost three fold increase in aortic strain rate to 150%.<em>s</em> ⁻ ¹. Echoing these results the stented patient group's strain increased from 28% +/- 14% in the ascending aorta to 43% +/- 24% (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) pre-coarctation. This was not seen in those with surgical repair of coarctation, (ascending aorta 40% +/- 22% compared to the pre-coarctation aorta strain 38% +/- 20%, <em>p</em> = 0.81).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite a reduced systolic pressure gradient through a stented coarctation, dramatic increases in strain and strain rate could attribute subsequent pathologies in the aorta proximally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666496822000395/pdfft?md5=cfbe97d81d936ce1c2aa668d725e764d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666496822000395-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47084589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensional reduction of a poromechanical cardiac model for myocardial perfusion studies","authors":"Radomír Chabiniok ,&nbsp;Bruno Burtschell ,&nbsp;Dominique Chapelle ,&nbsp;Philippe Moireau","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we adapt a previously developed poromechanical formulation to model the perfusion of myocardium during a cardiac cycle. First, a complete model is derived in 3D. Then, we perform a dimensional reduction under the assumption of spherical symmetry and propose a numerical algorithm that enables us to perform simulations of the myocardial perfusion throughout the cardiac cycle. These simulations illustrate the use of the proposed model to represent various physiological and pathological scenarios, specifically the vasodilation in the coronary network (to reproduce the standard clinical assessment of myocardial perfusion and perfusion reserve), the stenosis of a large coronary artery, an increased vascular resistance in the microcirculation (microvascular disease) and the consequences of inotropic activation (increased myocardial contractility) particularly at the level of the systolic flow impediment. Our results show that the model gives promising qualitative reproductions of complex physiological phenomena. This paves the way for future quantitative studies using clinical or experimental data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666496822000371/pdfft?md5=5aeb03fa0103bdbc774288bd7014dac0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666496822000371-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46579971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of devices and clinical need for non-blood contacting mechanical circulatory support","authors":"Shannon N. Ingram ,&nbsp;Melanie P. Hager ,&nbsp;Michael R. Moreno ,&nbsp;John C. Criscione","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>LVADs have been in clinical use for a half-century and have advanced through at least 3 generations resulting in compact, durable, and powerful pumps that can deliver blood flow that exceeds the needs of the body at rest. In so doing, these devices have become the best alternative to transplant for patients with end-stage heart failure. That said, the blood contacting interface of these pumps is likely the cause of complications and contraindications that persist with successive generations. Patients with elevated risk for side effects or patients with biventricular failure and other conditions represent the 25% of patients that are not candidates for LVAD therapy. Such patients represent the clinical need for non-blood contacting mechanical circulatory support. The clinical use of direct cardiac compression devices is limited, and there are no devices available for human use. Technological challenges remain, yet these devices continue to be developed and tested in animal models of heart failure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666496822000383/pdfft?md5=c1e3155cc2330b935b9fcb96b6d4907f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666496822000383-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43137977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal-structural reduced order models for unsteady/dynamic response of heated structures in large deformations","authors":"Andrew Matney ,&nbsp;Ricardo Perez ,&nbsp;Pengchao Song ,&nbsp;X.Q. Wang ,&nbsp;Marc P. Mignolet ,&nbsp;S. Michael Spottswood","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper focuses on applications of recently developed thermoelastic reduced order models (ROMs) for the geometrically nonlinear response and temperature of heated structures. In these ROMs, both displacements and temperature fields with respect to the undeformed, unheated configuration are expressed in a reduced order modeling format, i.e., as modal-type expansions of the spatial and temporal variables with constant basis functions. Accordingly, the time varying generalized coordinates of the response and temperature expansions satisfy a generic set of coupled nonlinear differential equations derived from finite deformations thermoelasticity using a Galerkin approach. Finally, the coefficients of these governing equations, which characterize the structure considered and its loading conditions, are determined from structural and thermal finite element models non intrusively so that commercial finite element software can be used. This approach is considered here for the prediction of the displacements and stress fields in the presence of unsteady temperature distributions to enrich previous investigations limited to steady temperature distributions. Specifically considered here are: (i) a panel undergoing rapid heating and (ii) an oscillating flux on a panel. These problems not only demonstrate the extension of the thermal-structural reduced order framework to unsteady problems but also show the importance of the selection of the basis functions. It is also noted that the temperature dependence of the linear stiffness coefficients on temperature can induce in the unsteady situation the existence of a parametric-type excitation of the structure. This behavior is studied in the oscillating flux example and a strong sub-harmonic resonance is in particular found. The computational benefit of using ROMs is discussed and demonstrated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666496822000358/pdfft?md5=38df32f2227e50f93a713579890229fd&pid=1-s2.0-S2666496822000358-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45187721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D and 3D in-Vitro models for mimicking cardiac physiology","authors":"Gerges Abdelsayed ,&nbsp;Danish Ali ,&nbsp;Andrew Malone ,&nbsp;Jemil Saidi ,&nbsp;Manoj Myneni ,&nbsp;Keshava Rajagopal ,&nbsp;Faisal H. Cheema ,&nbsp;Aamir Hameed","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and a huge economic burden on the healthcare system globally. Both pharmacological and device based treatment options have emerged over the years, however, it is still a ‘holy grail’ to effectively treat some cardiovascular conditions, for example, heart failure. Any treatment option whether it is drug therapy or a device therapy, has to go through a rigorous regulatory approval process. This requires robust pre-clinical research and clinical trial results. In order to proceed to the clinical trials, pre-clinical research is very important and may take methodologies which are at the interface of biology and engineering, for example, <em>in-vitro, ex-vivo</em> and <em>in-vivo</em> models. This paper focusses on the 2D and 3D <em>in-vitro</em> models to mimic the pathophysiology of a specific cardiovascular disease and their advantages and limitations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666496822000310/pdfft?md5=c71c8e10aebfcff1d89ba5dcbec1da2c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666496822000310-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42608660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model for multiphase moisture and heat transport below and above the saturation point of deformable and swelling wood fibers-II: Hygro-mechanical response","authors":"Winston Mmari,&nbsp;Björn Johannesson","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A non-linear elastic constitutive model for a swelling/shrinking orthotropic wood matrix is proposed. The model is thermodynamically consistent, derived based on the principles of continuum mechanics and the hybrid mixture theory. Moisture induced strains are introduced considering finite deformations by assuming a multiplicative split of the deformation gradient tensor into a swelling and an elastic part. Novel definitions of the Cauchy stress tensor and the moisture-dependent elastic material tangent matrix are obtained. The model is coupled to a multi-phase transient mass and heat transport model developed in Part I of this work. In this part of the work 2-D and 3-D test examples are used to describe the ability of the model to simulate moisture-induced distortions when drying wood within the hygroscopic and also from the over-hygroscopic moisture ranges. Despite deriving the model considering wood, the obtained constitutive relations can be suitably adopted to other orthotropic porous materials displaying properties similar to that of wood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666496822000346/pdfft?md5=8b78fcbbcdd38d030fb8daa661d784d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666496822000346-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45115125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered tissue vascular grafts: Are we there yet?","authors":"Joao S. Soares ,&nbsp;Sarah K. Saunders ,&nbsp;Federica Potere ,&nbsp;Stefano Toldo ,&nbsp;Antonio Abbate","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last 20 years, a diverse number of different approaches have been explored in trying to produce engineered tissue vascular grafts (ETVGs). If successful, this alternative source of living vascular conduits with the ability to grow, remodel, and self-repair could revolutionize vascular surgery by relieving the limiting need for autologous grafts or providing substantial benefit and improved performance over their synthetic counterparts. However, despite tissue engineering being one of the hottest topics in biotechnology in the last three decades, it is generally acknowledged that the field's performance and its potential clinical translation have been somewhat disappointing. Pilot studies with ETVGs in animal models and preclinical human trials have been encouraging, but our understanding of the design requirements for ETVGs, how to effectively create them, and how to direct ETVG integration once implanted must be improved. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art of ETVGs with emphasis on the different manufacturing approaches explored in the past and challenges encountered and tackled, with particular focus on ETVGs that are very close to making a clinical impact and may potentially begin a new era of therapy for vascular disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666496822000309/pdfft?md5=c559d217dc280f1053e20c9e71baf46d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666496822000309-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49206860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model for multiphase moisture and heat transport below and above the saturation point of deformable and swelling wood fibers – I: Mass transport","authors":"Winston Mmari,&nbsp;Björn Johannesson","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A thermodynamically consistent model for heat and mass transfer in deformable wood fibers is developed. The hybrid mixture theory is used to model the material as a mixture of three phases, consisting of a solid, a liquid and a gas phase. The solid phase consists of dry fibers and bound water constituents, whereas the gas phase has dry air and water vapor constituents. Emphasis is put on the mass flow and mass exchange of moisture in the material both below and above the saturation point of the solid wood fibers. Generalized forms of Fick’s, Darcy’s and Fourier’s laws are derived, and the chemical potential is used as a driving force for mass flow. Mass exchange due to sorption and evaporation/condensation processes is implemented in the model, where hysteretic properties both within and above the hygroscopic moisture range are described using Frandsen’s hysteresis model. Moisture induced swelling/shrinkage is included where the porosity of the material can vary. A large strain setting formulated for general orthotropy is adopted for the mechanical deformations. To show the performance of the resulting model, it is implemented in a finite element method framework and used to simulate the processes of heat and moisture transport dynamics of a wood sample subjected to drying from an over-hygroscopic moisture state.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666496822000334/pdfft?md5=51c017c07f9244c3d773e3ab1cf0bdfa&pid=1-s2.0-S2666496822000334-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43176034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nonlinear constitutive model for some hard electro-elastic solids. Solutions of some boundary value problems","authors":"N. Yévenes,&nbsp;R. Bustamante","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2022.100109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apples.2022.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A constitutive equation for a class of electro-elastic solid is proposed, neglecting dissipation of energy, and assuming that the gradient of the displacement field is small (the above implies the strains are small). Using the theory of implicit constitutive relations developed by Rajagopal and co-workers, a constitutive equation is proposed where the linearized strain is a function of the Cauchy stress and the electric field. The polarization field is assumed to be a function of the Cauchy stress and the electric field as well. The material parameters are adjusted to model the behaviour of some ceramic-like materials. Several boundary problems are solved to study the predictions of these new constitutive equations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666496822000255/pdfft?md5=904dbfc6d5d3a81c2b3b573fb85554dc&pid=1-s2.0-S2666496822000255-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137008511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}