Applications in engineering science最新文献

{"title":"Mechanical feedback mechanisms in a multiscale sliding filament model of lymphatic muscle pumping","authors":"Peter Y. Xie ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Morris ,&nbsp;Christopher D. Bertram ,&nbsp;Michael J. Davis ,&nbsp;Samira Jamalian ,&nbsp;Mohammad Jafarnejad ,&nbsp;David C. Zawieja ,&nbsp;James E. Moore Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lymphatic system maintains bodily fluid balance by returning interstitial fluid to the venous system. Flow can occur through a combination of extrinsic pumping, due to forces from surrounding tissues, and intrinsic pumping involving contractions of muscle in the lymphatic vessel walls. Lymph transport is important not only for fluid homeostasis, but also for immune function, as lymph is a carrier for immune cells. Lymphatic muscle cells exhibit both cardiac-like phasic contractions to generate flow and smooth-muscle-like tonic contractions to regulate flow. Lymphatic vessels are sensitive to mechanical stimuli, including flow-induced shear stresses and pressure-induced vessel stretch. These forces modulate biochemical pathways, leading to changes in intracellular calcium that trigger contractile proteins. Employing a multiscale computational model of lymphatic muscle coupled to a lumped-parameter model of lymphatic pumping, we developed and validated a feedback control model of subcellular mechanisms that modulate lymphatic pumping. Following verification that the model reproduced results from axial or transmural pressure difference-controlled experiments, we tested the model's ability to match results from experiments imposing upstream/downstream pressure ramps or a sudden increase in downstream resistance. Inter-lymphangion signaling was necessary to reproduce downstream pressure ramp experiments, but otherwise the model predicted behaviors under these more complex conditions. A better understanding of the mechanobiology of lymphatic contractions can help guide future lymphatic vessel experiments, providing a basis for developing better treatments for lymphatic dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process-induced shrinking and warping in additively manufactured polycarbonate plates","authors":"P. Sreejith ,&nbsp;Albert E. Patterson ,&nbsp;K.R. Rajagopal ,&nbsp;Bhaskar Vajipeyajula","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most thermoplastic manufacturing processes, that do not include cutting, involves the melting and re-solidification of the raw material, which results in delamination, warpage, and shrinkage. These undesirable artifacts are introduced due to the build-up of residual stress during fabrication of the part. They not only affect the process reliability and repeatability, but also the service life and aesthetics of the final product. This is of particular concern in extrusion-based additive manufacturing of thermoplastics with relatively high melting temperatures, such as polycarbonate (PC). By controlling the process parameters, a certain degree of influence can be maintained on the multiple heating/cooling cycles and the corresponding phase transformations that induce differential shrinkage in the part. In the current study, the influence of the orientation of the fabricated part (flat and horizontal<span><span>¹</span></span>) on the process history, and as a result on the residual stress distribution in rectangular plates printed using fused filament fabrication (FFF) is studied. This work used a thermodynamically-consistent model previously derived for extrusion-based additive manufacturing to run simulations within ABAQUS. Corresponding experiments were conducted to validate the model, along with the error and repeatability analysis. The final dimensions of the plates measured from the experiments matched exceptionally well with the values measured from the simulations. The simulations predicted that the residual stress distribution in each orientation is extremely different. It mainly depended on the distribution of the weight fraction of the glass phase and temperature, which have significantly distinct patterns in both orientations. The simulation also predicted very different possible failure regions for the plates printed in the flat and horizontal orientations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phantom Domain Finite Element Method: A novel approach for heterogeneous materials","authors":"Tianlong He,&nbsp;Philippe Karamian-Surville,&nbsp;Daniel Choï","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we introduce the Phantom Domain Finite Element Method (PDFEM), a novel computational approach tailored for the efficient analysis of heterogeneous and composite materials. Inspired by fictitious domain methods, this method employs a structured mesh to discretize the entire material domain while utilizing separate, independent meshes for the inclusions. These inclusion meshes are coupled to the structured mesh via a substitution matrix, enabling them to act as phantom meshes that do not directly contribute to the final system of equations. This framework offers significant advantages, including enhanced flexibility in handling complex inclusion geometries and improved computational efficiency. To assess the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method, numerical experiments are conducted on structures containing inclusions of various geometries. In order to emphasize the efficiency of the PDFEM method, a numerical simulation is presented to highlight its advantages in the case of long natural fibers, such as flax and linen. These simulations are compared against FEM calculations, demonstrating the efficiency of PDFEM. Indeed, meshing such fine structures requires an extremely high number of elements, and in some cases, meshing becomes particularly challenging due to the complexity of the geometries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-cost pulse generating system for activating adipose-derived cells in 3D-printed microfluidics","authors":"Marlene Wahlmueller ,&nbsp;Bianca Buchegger ,&nbsp;Cyrill Slezak ,&nbsp;Heinz Redl ,&nbsp;Susanne Wolbank ,&nbsp;Eleni Priglinger ,&nbsp;Armin Hochreiner","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The success of cell-based therapies strongly depends on the regenerative capacity of patient-derived cells, which can vary widely. Enhancing cell potency is therefore critical, especially for autologous applications. Biophysical treatment e.g. extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has emerged as a promising tool to enhance the regenerative potential of cells and has been applied in clinical practice for the treatment of several diseases. We developed a novel, low-cost, small and adaptable multi-mode pulse generating system (PGS) that enables direct treatment of cells in 3D-printed microfluidic devices. Adipose-derived cell treatment by our novel PGS showed first promising results, including significantly increased cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and proliferation. Enhanced cell functionality could be observed through a significantly increased adipogenic differentiation potential and a trend towards osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. This novel approach offers unique characteristics achieved by its small dimensions and light weight that come along with increased flexibility and high integrability in existing systems and could therefore overcome limitations faced by conventional biophysical methods. It enables the combination of the process of cell treatment and live monitoring of cells and could therefore emerge in the field of bioprinting, in lab-on-a-chip applications as well as future clinical applications in cell-based therapies for many different therapeutic fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing active suspension systems with robust h∞ control and adaptive techniques under uncertainties","authors":"Kumlachew Yeneneh,&nbsp;Menelik Walle,&nbsp;Tatek Mamo,&nbsp;Yared Yalew","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a transformative approach to active suspension control through the development of a hybrid robust-adaptive framework that synergistically combines three advanced techniques: μ-synthesis enhanced H∞ control, model reference adaptation, and real-time frequency-domain optimization. The novel architecture overcomes fundamental limitations in conventional systems by simultaneously addressing (i) parametric uncertainties through structured robustness margins (μ &lt; 1 for ±25 % variations in mass/stiffness), (ii) unstructured road disturbances via adaptive gain scheduling, and (iii) resonant vibrations using closed-loop FFT analysis with 50 ms spectral updates. The controller's dual-degree-of-freedom design introduces a breakthrough solution where the H∞ core guarantees stability while the adaptive module dynamically adjusts damping ratios and stiffness coefficients through Lyapunov-based parameter estimation, achieving 40 % faster convergence than fixed-gain alternatives. Comprehensive simulations under ISO-standardized road profiles demonstrate unprecedented performance: 87.1 % reduction in suspension travel (0.113 m to 0.015 m) and 49.3 % decrease in body acceleration (6.38m/s² to 3.73m/s²) versus passive systems, while maintaining 18 % lower energy consumption than traditional H∞ implementations. The frequency-domain optimization proves particularly effective, reducing resonant peak magnitudes by 62–75 % in the critical 1–4 Hz comfort range and 55 % at the 15 Hz wheel-hop frequency. Practical implementation advantages include compatibility with standard automotive sensors (requiring only accelerometers and displacement sensors), modest computational load (executable on 100 MHz automotive-grade processors), and self-calibrating capability that eliminates manual tuning. These advancements position the framework as an ideal solution for next-generation vehicles, with demonstrated applicability to electric platforms (through regenerative damping integration) and autonomous systems (via V2X communication-enabled predictive adaptation). The research establishes new theoretical foundations for uncertainty management in vehicle dynamics while delivering a commercially viable control strategy validated under realistic operating conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric study of permanent magnet eddy current brake considering demagnetization, temperature, edge, and skin effects: Numerical and experimental investigation","authors":"Hussein Hassanpour,&nbsp;Salman Ebrahimi-Nejad,&nbsp;Morteza Mollajafari","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an improved mathematical model and parametric analysis of the developed model for the eddy current brake system using the finite element method. The analytical model is developed to consider terms such as temperature, skin, edge, and demagnetization effects that are neglected in the simplified models of other studies conducted in the literature review. Also, the presented mathematical model has been validated experimentally. In the performance parametric study, the variables related to the rotor and stator, including initial speed, material, diameter, thickness, and moment of inertia of the disk, as well as the position, number, and arrangement of permanent magnets, were investigated. The results of the numerical analysis of the improved model compared to the simple basic model show that the newly developed model is much closer to the experimental study results in terms of the braking torque trend than the simplified model, and its initial and maximum values are 3 and 4 percent more consistent, respectively. Also, the parametric analysis results show that an aluminum disc is better than other selected materials, and increasing the disk’s radius produces more braking torque than increasing its thickness. In the case of the stator, to obtain the maximum amount of braking torque, the best arrangement of permanent magnets is to utilize them on a double side, to use smaller and more magnets than larger and fewer magnets, and to locate them at a distance from the edge of the disk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental determination of the recovery factor on cylindrically flow-around temperature sensors Part 2: Determination of the local, tangential surface temperature distribution","authors":"Andreas Huster ,&nbsp;Simon Paymal","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is known in the literature that in the case of compressible fluids, higher values than the fluid temperature are displayed on temperature sensors, among other things due to the accumulation point flow, which is taken into account with the help of the recovery factor. In Part I of this series, the test rig and integral results for the determination of the recovery factor on cross-flowed temperature sensors between 1.5 mm and 8 mm diameter were presented. The Mach number as well as the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers have an influence on the recovery factor. These integral results will be verified by measuring the tangential temperature distribution. For this purpose, a special sensor carrier was developed and moved quickly through the ambient air at different angular positions so that the tangential temperature distribution could be determined. In accordance with the theory, the highest temperature is at the accumulation point with the total temperature and the local recovery factor is 1. The temperature drops continuously to an angle of about 80°. In the wake of the cylinder there is a roughly constant temperature level. If an average value is formed from the measured values of the local recovery factors, a good agreement with the integral results from Part I is obtained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of box girder bridge widening techniques: Reinforced Rib vs. Strut solutions","authors":"Dac-Duc Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing existing bridge infrastructure is crucial with the increasing demands of urbanization and traffic. This study investigates methods to enhance the structural performance of single-cell box girder bridges by implementing reinforcing ribs and struts. Focusing on the Tan De Bridge in Thai Binh, Vietnam - a cantilever bridge using a single-cell box girder, the research evaluates load-bearing capacity, deflection, and torsional resistance across three cross-sectional designs: the original single box girder, a box girder with transverse stiffening ribs, and a strutted box girder. The study uses ANSYS Mechanical software for three-dimensional modeling and simulation to examine natural vibration frequencies, stress distribution, and deflection under HL93 loading conditions. ANSYS Mechanical's finite element analysis capabilities allow for a detailed assessment of local and global structural behaviors, providing insights into the different cross-sections' dynamic stability and stress responses. Results indicate that reinforcing ribs and struts significantly improve the bridge's structural integrity. Reinforcing ribs offer superior cross-bridge stiffness, while struts provide optimal stress distribution and reduce flange instability. The study highlights the exceptional flexural resistance of the strutted box girder under eccentric loading, underscoring its potential to optimize bridge design for urban infrastructure demands while ensuring robust structural performance. These findings emphasize the effectiveness of these methods in meeting urban infrastructure needs by facilitating the expansion of bridge width while preserving structural stability and performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and performance analysis of a pneumatic steering system to enhance maneuverability in T-55 Armored Vehicles","authors":"Lemma Nigussie,&nbsp;Kumlachew Yeneneh","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development and analysis of a pneumatic steering mechanism for the T-55 tank, addressing challenges inherent in traditional manual systems. These systems require excessive physical effort due to high resistance in linkages, leading to operator fatigue and reduced maneuverability. The proposed mechanism integrates a pneumatic cylinder and “rocker arm to convert linear motion into precise rotational control, enhancing steering performance and driver comfort. The design leverages compressed air as a lightweight, safe, and responsive medium, ensuring adaptability to diverse operational conditions. Structural analysis via finite element methods (FEA) confirmed the mechanism’s durability, with the rocker arm exhibiting a maximum von Mises stress of 46 MPa, well below the material’s yield strength of 200 MPa. Fatigue analysis further demonstrated the mechanism’s capacity to endure over one million load cycles, ensuring long-term reliability. Dynamic simulations using MSC.ADAMS validated the system’s performance. The piston stroke, ranging from 0 to 150 mm, allowed precise control of steering linkages. Motion analysis confirmed a free travel distance of 132.5 mm, aligning with practical requirements for T-55 steering systems. The pneumatic system also reduced operator effort by over 50% compared to manual systems, significantly improving operational efficiency. Compared to traditional systems, the pneumatic mechanism enhances maneuverability, enabling smooth directional changes in challenging terrains while reducing driver strain. Its modular design facilitates seamless integration with existing tank frameworks, minimizing modifications. This work demonstrates the potential of pneumatic systems to modernize tracked vehicle steering mechanisms, providing enhanced agility, reliability, and safety. The findings ensure that tanks like the T-55 remain highly effective in modern combat scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive manufacturing: shaping the future of the manufacturing industry – overview of trends, challenges and opportunities","authors":"D.E.P. Klenam ,&nbsp;F. McBagonluri ,&nbsp;T.K. Asumadu ,&nbsp;S.A. Osafo ,&nbsp;M.O. Bodunrin ,&nbsp;L. Agyepong ,&nbsp;E.D. Osei ,&nbsp;D. Mornah ,&nbsp;W.O. Soboyejo","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) is an innovative approach to the manufacturing mix globally. In this era of overwhelming complexities, tremendous competition and accelerated change, the increasing drive for rapid prototyping has necessitated the deployment of AM technologies and research. Three-dimensional (3D) modelling, 3D scanning and 3D printing have provided the impetus for design of functional and structural components at industrial scale. To contextualize the manufacturing landscape, an overview, and recent trends of conventional (subtractive) manufacturing technologies are discussed briefly. The challenges associated with these subtractive technologies in an increasingly resource constraint and exponential population growth paved the way for massification of AM approaches. Recent advances in AM technologies and applications in healthcare, construction, automotive and aerospace industries are discussed. The milestones, trends, opportunities, and challenges of AM technologies to the nascent technological landscape of Africa are also discussed. This review identifies AM as a pivotal enabler of Africa Union’s Agenda 2063, offering actionable pathways to overcome persistent challenges in industrial diversification, youth unemployment, and technological self-sufficiency. By leveraging localized AM applications and digital workflows, scalable solutions for sustainable development and manufacturing sovereignty can be realized with implications in leapfrogging the industrialization aspirations of Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}