Animal microbiome最新文献

{"title":"Associations between hyperketonemia and the rumen metagenome and metabolome in Holstein cows during the first 2 weeks postpartum.","authors":"Anay D Ravelo, Megan Ruch, Miguel Suazo, Peter Ferm, Rui Su, Chi Chen, Brian A Crooker, Noelle R Noyes, Isaac J Salfer, Luciano S Caixeta","doi":"10.1186/s42523-025-00430-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-025-00430-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperketonemia (HYK) is characterized by elevated levels of blood ketone bodies in dairy cows. Despite previous research on the physiological events related to HYK, associations between the rumen metagenome, metabolome, and HYK have not been well described. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare rumen metagenome and metabolome profiles of cows with naturally occurring HYK to those without HYK during the first two weeks postpartum. Blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations at d 5, 10 and 14 postpartum were used to classify 16 rumen cannulated Holstein cows as either hyperketonemic (+ HYK; ≥1.2 mmol/L BHB at any of the collection days) or non-hyperketonemic (-HYK). Five + HYK cows were identified and were paired with 5 -HYK cows based on parity and calving date. Microbial DNA was extracted from rumen fluid and sequenced using shotgun metagenomics with the Illumina platform. Kraken2 was used to map reads to microbial taxonomic groups and Humann3.8 was used to predict potential functions. Metabolome profiling of rumen fluid was conducted using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. MetaboAnalyst6.0 was used to identify potential changes in metabolic pathways. Metagenomes and metabolomes comparisons were conducted using mixed models that included the fixed effects of group, day, their interaction, and the random effect of cow. There was minimal difference detected in alpha diversity for the metagenome, but differences in the metabolome were detected by HYK status. The concentration of asparagine and p-cresol was greater in + HYK cows compared to -HYK, but citrulline was greater in -HYK cows throughout all days considered. On d5 the concentration of ornithine was greater in + HYK compared to-HYK cows, and on d10 acetate was greater in the -HYK cows. There were no differences detected in the pathway analysis from the metabolites quantified by HYK status. Overall, modest differences in rumen metabolome were observed between + HYK and -HYK cows in early lactation. Future studies should explore associations between the rumen environment and HYK as this could be informative for treatment and management practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"7 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the composition and function of pig gut microbiome from metagenomics.","authors":"Qiwu Tang, Xiaoping Yin, Guihui Wen, Zhang Luo, Lei Zhang, Shengguo Tan","doi":"10.1186/s42523-025-00419-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-025-00419-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in intestinal maturation, metabolism, and immunoregulation, significantly influencing the host's health and growth performance. This review highlights the use of metagenomic techniques to the composition, function, and dynamic changes of the pig gut microbiota. Research has revealed that environmental and host factors, particularly diet, drive significant variations in microbial composition, which in turn shape host epigenetics through microbial components and metabolites. Furthermore, the strong correlation between the gut microbiota and host health presents opportunities for improving growth performance in the livestock industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"7 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine ocular microbiome: the next frontier in managing Pinkeye in cattle.","authors":"Justine Kilama, Md Shafinul Islam, Samat Amat","doi":"10.1186/s42523-025-00425-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-025-00425-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), or pinkeye, represents a significant economic challenge to dairy and beef cattle industries resulting in decreased productivity and increased treatment costs. The current IBK prevention and control strategies in cattle face challenges owing to the multifactorial nature of the disease, the rise of antibiotic resistance in IBK pathogens, and inconsistent efficacy of IBK vaccines. Recent efforts in metagenomic characterization of the eye microbiome in humans and animals, including cattle, have revealed that the ocular surface is colonized by relatively diverse and dynamic microbial community that is essential for maintaining ocular health and can be leveraged to enhance resistance against infectious ocular diseases. In this narrative review, we provide comprehensive insights into the ocular microbiota by summarizing the amplicon and metagenomic sequencing- and culture-based studies conducted in cattle, and by reviewing relevant findings from humans and other animal species. We also explore the potential of the ocular microbiome as a new frontier in managing IBK. Finally, we examine the gut-eye-microbiome axis and discuss its potential contribution in improving the resistance of cattle against IBK.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"7 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enteric viromes of healthy farmed mink (Neovison vison) from Shandong and Liaoning provinces, China.","authors":"Cixiu Li, Wei Zhu, Shuqi Liu, Ruiling Niu, Lei Qian, Edward C Holmes, Juan Li, Weifeng Shi","doi":"10.1186/s42523-025-00422-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-025-00422-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Farmed mink (Neovison vison) is the most common animal species used for fur farming in China. Several viruses identified in mink can be transmitted to humans, including SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that this species could play an important role in zoonotic disease emergence. Characterizing the virus diversity of farmed mink is therefore important for the prevention and mitigation of emerging infectious diseases. We utilized meta-transcriptomic sequencing to determine the enteric viromes of 109 apparently healthy farmed mink from Shandong and Liaoning provinces, China. Using this approach, we identified 34 viruses belonging to 11 viral families/clades. Several important avian- or fish-associated viruses were detected, including astroviruses, caliciviruses, picornaviruses, rotaviruses, parvoviruses, and gyroviruses. Many of these viruses were likely associated with mink diet, indicating that food sources such as uncooked poultry or fish by-products can serve as effective transmission routes of avian and fish viruses to mink. Of particular note, we identified a high prevalence of mink coronavirus in these animals, which is potentially associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses. In sum, our study revealed a diverse range of vertebrate viruses in farmed mink and likely viral transmission to mink via the food chain. Further investigation is necessary to determine the impact of these viruses on mink health and for zoonotic disease preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"7 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in composition and potential function of the bacterial communities of cave- and surface-dwelling Mexican salamanders.","authors":"Julio César García-Sánchez, Sean M Rovito","doi":"10.1186/s42523-025-00423-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-025-00423-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caves are a challenging environment for many organisms to inhabit, and many cave-dwelling animals are endemic to particular cave systems. Microorganisms in caves have been shown to have a high biosynthetic capacity, likely as a result of intense biological interactions to deal with resource scarcity. Although cave salamanders have been studied extensively in other parts of the world, they have received relatively little attention in Mexico. Declines of some cave-dwelling species may be due to outbreaks of fungal disease, and a better understanding of their cutaneous microbiome could help with future conservation efforts in the face of disease outbreaks. We characterized the cutaneous microbiome of 11 cave-dwelling Mexican salamanders and their relatives from surface environments using high-throughput 16S amplicon sequencing. We expected cave salamanders to have a more diverse microbiome containing more bacteria with potential antifungal capacity compared to forest salamanders. We also estimated networks of associations between bacteria to test the hypothesis that there are more positive associations in caves. Finally, we used a bioinformatic approach to see if bacteria in caves potentially have more metabolic pathways associated with microbial communication as a result of more intense biological interactions in caves. Although we do not find higher skin bacterial diversity in caves compared to forests, we do find differences in microbiome composition between environments, more positive associations between bacteria, and a slightly higher number of metabolic pathways associated with microbial communication in caves. Our results provide some support for an impact of the cave environment on the skin microbiome of Mexican salamanders.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"7 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel insight into the impact of black soldier fly larvae meal and protease on cecal microbiome, SCFAs, and excreta composition in laying hens.","authors":"Jing Lu, Renée Maxine Petri, Janice Leigh MacIsaac, Stephanie Anne Collins","doi":"10.1186/s42523-025-00421-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-025-00421-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insect farming represents a sustainable loop that recycles organic wastes back to the food chain while requiring minimal inputs such as land and water. Insect products are not only low in environment footprint, but also nutrient-dense and contain health-promoting bioactives. Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) stands out as an excellent source of protein and chitin, and the latter is a polysaccharide associated with promoting gut health. A 20-week feeding trial evaluated the effects of three dietary inclusion levels of BSFLM (0%, 6.5%, and 13%), with and without protease enzyme (Concentrase-P) supplementation, on two commercial laying hen strains: Lohmann Brown-Lite (brown hens) and Lohmann LSL-Lite White (white hens). The two strains of 52-week-old hens (mean weight = 2.2 kg) were housed in one production room, with each strain distributed across 36 conventional cages (5 birds per cage). Each treatment was randomly assigned to six cages (n = 6). At the end of the trial, cecal microbiome, SCFA production and excreta composition were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>White hens exhibited a distinct cecal microbiome compared to brown hens (p < 0.05), characterized by enhanced diversity, increased relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, and an altered cecal SCFA profile with increased butyric acid and reduced acetic acid levels (p < 0.05). Independent from strain, both 6.5% and 13% BSFLM inclusion promoted cecal microbial richness and evenness, shifting the community to produce more acetic acid and less butyric acid (p < 0.05). Excreta analysis showed significantly higher concentrations and daily excretion of nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen and non-ammoniacal nitrogen in both strains on the 13% BSFLM diet. Concentrase-P supplementation effectively ameliorated the elevated nitrogen and ammoniacal nitrogen excretion linked to the 13% BSFLM diet, despite having minimal effects on the cecal microbiome and SCFA production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provides a novel perspective on the enhanced cecal microbiome diversity in laying hens fed high levels of BSFLM, linking it to suboptimal protein digestion and an undesired increase in protein fermentation, which we have demonstrated can be partially addressed by protease supplementation. Our findings highlight the need to consider interactions between host nutrition, gut microbiome, and sustainability when evaluating novel feed ingredients.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"7 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virome analysis suggests deltacoronaviruses and picornaviruses as a probable cause of severe intestinal disease on three quail farms.","authors":"Urška Kuhar, Uroš Krapež, Brigita Slavec, Joško Račnik, Petra Šenica Kavčič, Urska Jamnikar-Ciglenecki","doi":"10.1186/s42523-025-00428-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-025-00428-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"7 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac function of colorectal cancer mice is remotely controlled by gut microbiota: regulating serum metabolites and myocardial cytokines.","authors":"Zhan-Kui Gao, Chao-Yuan Fan, Bo-Wen Zhang, Jia-Xin Geng, Xing Han, Dan-Qi Xu, Muhammad Arshad, Hao-Xuan Sun, Jiong-Yi Li, Xiangyuan Jin, Xiao-Qin Mu","doi":"10.1186/s42523-025-00405-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-025-00405-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies have indicated that the dysregulation of microbial metabolites and the inflammatory environment resulting from microbial dysbiosis may contribute to the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, restoring the disordered gut microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has the potential to reduce the incidence of cardiac disease. In this study, we identified cardiac dysfunction in azomethane and dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal cancer mice. Intestinal microbes from healthy mice were transferred to colorectal cancer mice, which vastly reversed the disorder of the gut microbiota and effectively alleviated cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, FMT regulated the expression of serum metabolites such as uridine triphosphate (UTP), tiamulin, andrographolide, and N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine, as well as cytokines like TGF-β, IRF5, and β-MHC in the heart. These findings uncover that the disturbed gut microbiota causes cardiac dysfunction in colorectal cancer mice by modulating the expression of serum metabolites and cytokines, which could be alleviated by treatment with FMT.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"7 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From mother to piglet: the lasting influence of the maternal microbiome.","authors":"Alessandra Tancredi, Thomas Matthijs, Eric Cox, Filip Van Immerseel, Evy Goossens","doi":"10.1186/s42523-025-00420-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-025-00420-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given their crucial roles in agriculture and biomedical research, promoting pig health is essential. A balanced gut microbiota is vital for immune development, metabolism and pathogen resistance, and requires optimal initial colonization by beneficial bacteria. This becomes particularly evident during early life stages, like suckling and weaning, where disruptions can lead to long-term health issues. Understanding the factors influencing microbiome development during these phases is fundamental for enhancing pig health. On these basis, rectal swab samples from eighteen sow-piglet pairs were collected at multiple time points from 7 days after birth to 10 days post-weaning, and analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This study aims to understand the maternal influence on piglet microbiota development during the suckling-weaning period, exploring microbial diversity, composition and additional influencing factors such as age, piglet and weaning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>α diversity significantly increased with piglet age (p < 0.001) and stabilized upon weaning, with maternal influence and differences between individual piglet affecting variability before weaning. Post-weaning α diversity was influenced by the pen environment (contributing to 14.5-16% of the variability between piglets) rather than age. Both the sow (~ 9.6%) and age of the piglets (20-30%) had a significant impact on the microbial β diversity over the entire timeframe. Moreover, at 10 days post-weaning a significant influence of the cage mates on piglets microbial β diversity was observed (~ 24.6%). Source-tracking analysis revealed a significant maternal contribution to piglet microbiome at 7 days (31.68%), which decreased over time but remained at 13.33% post-weaning. Piglet microbiome exhibited consistency across time, with 22.55-61.23% of bacteria retained from previous stages. Cage mates contributed 53.54% to the microbiome at 10 days post-weaning. Additionally, 68.32% of piglets microbiome at 7 days was derived from sources not included in the study, decreasing to 37.6% by 10 days post-weaning. ASV-level analysis showed that the majority of maternally transmitted ASVs pre-weaning persisted until the last time point, with both beneficial bacteria and pathobionts being transmitted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the significant influence of maternal microbiota on piglet gut microbiome development, affecting both diversity and composition. Beneficial bacteria are transmitted from mothers to offspring and persist through early developmental stages, thereby emphasizing the long-lasting impact of maternal microbiome and the importance of early microbial colonization for piglet health.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"7 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential role of key rumen microbes in regulating host health and growth performance in Hu sheep.","authors":"Ximei Xie, Huan Yang, Xingang Zhao, Li Teng, Yuze Yang, Hailing Luo","doi":"10.1186/s42523-025-00412-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-025-00412-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Average daily gain (ADG) is an important component affecting the profitability of sheep. However, research on the relationship between rumen microbes and sheep growth phenotype is still very lacking. Therefore, in this study, 16 Hu sheep were selected from a cohort of 318 sheep assigned to the same feeding and management conditions, and divided into high growth rate (HADG, n = 8) group and low growth rate (LADG, n = 8) group according to the extreme ADG value. Then, the differences in rumen microbes, rumen fermentation and animal immune parameters were further compared between groups to explore the potential role of rumen key microbes in regulating the health and growth performance of Hu sheep hosts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that specific pathogenic bacteria associated with ADG, including Anaerotruncus, Sediminibacterium and Glaesserella, exhibited significant correlations with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). These interactions disrupt immune homeostasis in the host, leading to a metabolic prioritization of energy resources toward immune responses, thereby impairing growth and development. Succinivibrio_dextrinosolvens was enriched in HADG sheep and exhibited a significant positive correlation with propionate levels. This promoted propionate production in the rumen, enhancing the metabolic activity of carbohydrate, amino acid and energy metabolism, ultimately contributing to higher ADG in sheep. Importantly, random forest analysis results showed that Succinivibrio_dextrinosolvens could classify sheep into HADG and LADG with a prediction accuracy of 81.2%. Additionally, we identified 34 bacteria belonged to connectors in the HADG co-occurrence network, including Alloprevotella, Phascolarctobacterium, Anaerovibrio, Butyricicoccus, Ruminococcaceae_noname, and Roseburia, etc., which play an important role in the degradation of carbohydrates and convert them into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), maintaining rumen health, and modulating inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, key microbes in the rumen affect the overall healthy homeostasis and rumen fermentation of the host, leading to changes in energy utilization, which in turn affects the average daily gain of Hu sheep. Succinivibrio_dextrinosolvens is a promising biomarker for selecting high growth rate sheep in the future. This study provides a new method to manipulate rumen bacteria to improve growth performance in sheep.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"7 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}