AJPM focus最新文献

{"title":"Neighborhood Environment and Late-Life Cognition: Exploring the Mediating Effect of Sleep and Differential Pathways by Race","authors":"Bernadette A. Fausto PhD ,&nbsp;Victoria Paruzel MPH ,&nbsp;Kexin Yu PhD ,&nbsp;Diana Grass BA ,&nbsp;Joshua L. Gills PhD ,&nbsp;Paul R. Duberstein PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cognition is influenced by the neighborhood social and built environment, but the underlying mechanisms through which neighborhood environments affect cognition are unclear and may differ by race/ethnicity. The authors tested the hypothesis that sleep mediates the association between environmental characteristics and cognition. The authors also explored environment-sleep-cognition interrelationships separately for non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic older adults in the U.S.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Analyses included older adults from Round 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N=3,111). The social environment latent variable was constructed using indicators for social cohesion, social ties, and perceived neighborhood danger. The built environment was operationalized using indicators for litter, noise, traffic, pollution, and building conditions. Gross cognitive ability was characterized using the Chicago Cognitive Function Measure as an estimate of Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Actigraphic sleep characteristics included sleep fragmentation, time spent awake after sleep onset, and sleep percentage.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants with better cognition lived in supportive social environments and less hazardous, disruptive (e.g., noisy, polluted) built environments. The sleep mediation hypothesis was partially supported in the full sample: time spent awake after sleep onset mediated the social environment–cognition relationship, but sleep characteristics did not mediate the built environment–cognition relationship. However, in exploratory subgroup analyses, sleep mediated the social environment–cognition relationship among White older adults and mediated the built environment–cognition relationship among Black older adults. Sleep did not mediate any environment–cognition relationships among Hispanic older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results demonstrate that although the social and built environment influence cognition directly and indirectly through sleep, the mediational pathways may vary by specific racial/ethnic subgroups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145419183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Impact of Exposure to Different Types of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors","authors":"Kimberly J. Mitchell PhD ,&nbsp;Victoria Banyard PhD ,&nbsp;Julie Cerel PhD ,&nbsp;Deirdre Colburn PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study examines the self-reported life impact of exposure to someone else’s suicidal thoughts and behaviors on the participants, including what type of suicidal thought and behavior exposure (nonsuicidal self-injury, ideation, suicide death, or attempt), incident details, and personal characteristics influence the impact.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected from 4,981 adolescents and young adults, aged 13–22 years, between June 13, 2022 and October 30, 2023. Of these, 94.7% (<em>n</em>=4,701) knew someone with a suicidal thought or behavior; youth reported up to 2 unique exposures, which resulted in data about 8,133 unique incidents.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were significantly higher odds of feeling a greater life impact (i.e., level of disruption it had on their life) in incidents where the person with the suicidal thought or behavior was a romantic or dating partner (AOR=1.62, <em>p</em>=0.01) or a family member (AOR=1.62, <em>p</em>=0.01). The closer the participant said they were to the person, the higher the odds of more life impact (AOR=1.75, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001). The more additional concerns the participants knew that the person was struggling with, the higher the odds of more life impact (AOR=1.11, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001). Deficits in social determinants of health, specifically economic instability (AOR=1.18, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001) and barriers to mental health care (AOR=1.03, <em>p</em>=0.002), were also related to more life impact.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings indicated a wide variety of exposures in their social network, and these variables affect the adversity burden associated with knowing someone who is struggling with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Designing prevention and intervention strategies that address the impact of exposure is an important direction for public health innovations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145419243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in Receipt of Tobacco Cessation Advice Among U.S. Adult Healthcare Patients Who Use Tobacco","authors":"Nayoung Kim PhD ,&nbsp;Jesse T. Kaye PhD ,&nbsp;Danielle E. McCarthy PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Healthcare systems could reduce disparities in the toll of tobacco use by advising all patients who use tobacco to quit. This study examined U.S. adult population–based estimates of past-year tobacco use and of healthcare provider advice to quit tobacco and disparities in these rates across sociodemographic and substance use characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional data from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were used to estimate the rates of tobacco use and tobacco cessation advice as a function of patient sociodemographic characteristics and other substance use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 28% of U.S. adult healthcare patients reported past-year tobacco use. Only 52% of them recalled receiving tobacco cessation advice from healthcare providers. Tobacco use was elevated among people with co-occurring substance use or disorders; men; non-Hispanic White people; those identifying as lesbian, gay, or bisexual; those with incomes below $30,000; those with no college degree; those in rural areas; and those with non-Medicare or no insurance. Rates of receiving quitting advice were lower among people who use alcohol or cannabis; those with cannabis use disorder; men; minoritized racial/ethnic groups; those with incomes below $30,000; and those in urban areas. Conversely, people with no college degree and public insurance and those with alcohol or illicit drug use disorder reported higher advising rates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Some groups with high tobacco use prevalence receive quitting advice at low rates. Healthcare provider advice to quit tobacco may not reach all patients who use tobacco, particularly those with co-occurring alcohol or cannabis use or cannabis use disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145365214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverging Patterns of Educational Disparities Among Cannabis Users and Cigarette Smokers","authors":"Zechariah Zhu MA ,&nbsp;Samantha Cruz MS ,&nbsp;Thet Nwe Myo Khin MPH ,&nbsp;Yuyan Shi PhD ,&nbsp;Sara B. McMenamin PhD ,&nbsp;Richard F. Armenta PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Kimberley M. Pulvers PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Dennis R. Trinidad PhD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Previous research has shown an inverse relationship between cigarette smoking and educational attainment. However, there is relatively scarce research on the relationship between cannabis use and education level. This article examines whether the inverse relationship between cigarette smoking and educational attainment applies to cannabis use.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The 2023 California Health Interview Survey, a representative population-based survey of California adults that assesses health behaviors, was analyzed to examine current cigarette smoking and cannabis use prevalence. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between cigarette smoking/cannabis use and educational attainment among adults aged &gt;26 years (N=20,557), adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2023, among California adults aged &gt;26 years, current cannabis use prevalence was more than twice as high (13.5%) as current cigarette use prevalence (6.1%). Compared to the odds of being a current cannabis user for those who did not graduate high school, the odds were 2.05 times as high (95% CI=1.35, 3.12) for those who completed high school, 2.57 times as high (95% CI=1.73, 3.80) for those with some college education, and 2.17 times as high (95% CI=1.46, 3.23) for those who completed college. Compared to the odds of being a current cigarette smoker for those who did not graduate high school, the odds were 0.31 times as high (95% CI=0.22, 0.43) for those who completed college.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adults with higher education levels were more likely to be cannabis users than those with less education, which was inverse to the relationship between cigarette smoking and education. Efforts to prevent and reduce cannabis use should have additional focus on those who have completed high school and college.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health-Related Social Needs and Cervical Cancer Screening in Alliance Chicago Community Health Centers","authors":"Carla Salazar MPH, CPH ,&nbsp;Eve Walter PhD ,&nbsp;Ta-Yun Yang MS ,&nbsp;Mita Sanghavi Goel MD, MPH, FACP","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study explores the relationship between health-related social needs and cervical cancer screening among community health center patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The authors analyzed data from March 2020 to March 2023 for women aged 24–64 years seeking care at a community health center across 19 states that share an electronic data repository. Health-related social needs were assessed through (1) health-related social needs questionnaire, (2) health-related social needs questionnaire + keyword search for health-related social needs (expanded health-related social needs capture), and (3) a homelessness flag. The authors examined the completion of cervical cancer screening before and after health-related social need screenings in unadjusted and adjusted analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most women identified as Hispanic/Latino, were aged between 31 and 64 years, were single, had Medicaid, and had an income &lt;100% federal poverty level. Food insecurity was the most common health-related social need, with a 13% prevalence. Before health-related social need screenings, 64% of the population completed cervical cancer screening. Women with health-related social needs had no significant differences in cervical cancer screening from those without; however, when stratified by age, women aged 24–30 years with health-related social needs reported higher cervical cancer screening rates than those without (71% vs 68%, <em>p</em>&lt;0.01), and women aged 31–64 years with health-related social needs had lower cervical cancer screening rates than those without (60% vs 62%, <em>p</em>&lt;0.01). After health-related social need screenings, the rates of cervical cancer screening were similar by health-related social need, regardless of age.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings showed that health-related social needs were associated with cervical cancer screening, with differences varying by age group and type of social need. Women aged 24–30 years with food insecurity had significantly higher cervical cancer screening rates than those without health-related social needs, and women of any age with housing insecurity had significantly lower cervical cancer screening rates than those without health-related social needs. After health-related social need screenings, disparities persisted among women who had experiences of homelessness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Practice Behaviors of Community-Based Resident Physicians Surrounding Cancer Screening","authors":"Paige Bentley MS ,&nbsp;Madison Bieganski MS ,&nbsp;Kevin Eells BS ,&nbsp;Zachary Ryan MS ,&nbsp;Isain Zapata PhD ,&nbsp;Joel Roberts MD","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cancer screening programs have significantly reduced mortality rates associated with cervical, breast, and colorectal cancers over the past few decades. However, inconsistencies in screening guidelines among healthcare providers raise concerns about the uniformity of recommendations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study uses a survey to investigate the practice behaviors and knowledge of cancer screening guidelines among medical residents in family medicine, internal medicine, and general surgery community-based residency programs in the state of Colorado. A multi-institution survey was conducted, with 72 resident physicians participating. The study explores the sources from which residents acquire screening guidelines and evaluates their accuracy in recommending screening ages for colorectal, breast, and cervical cancers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results indicate a preference for guidelines from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, although there are variations in recommendations among specialties. Although residents demonstrate good knowledge of cervical cancer screening, they exhibit inconsistencies in breast cancer screening ages. Conflicting guidelines are perceived to impact patients' quality of care and confidence in the healthcare system. Residents primarily learn screening recommendations during medical school, highlighting the importance of early education.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study underscores the need for streamlined and consistent guidelines to mitigate confusion among providers and patients. Further research is recommended to explore the objective impacts of guideline variability on screening practices and patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145365213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Characteristics Associated With Diabetes and Hypertension Performance in Community Health Centers","authors":"Amanda Gusovsky Chevalier PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Daniel M. Walker PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Ann Scheck McAlearney ScD, MS ,&nbsp;Kirsten Casey PhD ,&nbsp;Esther Olsen MS ,&nbsp;Maria F. Levis MPH ,&nbsp;Karleen F. Giannitrapani PhD, MPH, MD ,&nbsp;Laura Vaughan MD ,&nbsp;Latha Palaniappan MD, MS ,&nbsp;Alan Glaseroff MD ,&nbsp;Sara Singer PhD, MBA","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Large portions of patients served at community health centers have diabetes or hypertension. This study aimed to identify the factors related to diabetes and hypertension performance among community health centers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The authors estimated multivariable linear regression models to examine the association of characteristics (percentage of patients at high risk of cardiovascular events on statin therapy, female, overweight or obese, homeless, veterans, gender minorities, sexual orientation minorities, best served in a non-English language, or with diabetes or hypertension and log of revenue per patient) with diabetes (proportion of patients with HbA1c &gt;9.0) and hypertension (proportion of patients with high blood pressure) control. The sample included community health centers in the 2023 Uniform Data System data set.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Variables significantly associated with lower diabetes control were percentage of patients who were unhoused (0.10; 95% CI=0.07, 0.13) and patients best served in a non-English language (0.03; 95% CI=0.01, 0.05); variables significantly associated with higher diabetes control were percentage of patients who were at high risk of cardiovascular events and on statin therapy (−0.17; 95% CI= −0.22, −0.12) and those who were veterans (−0.86; 95% CI= −1.12, −0.59); variables significantly associated with lower hypertension control were percentage of patients who were unhoused (0.06; 95% CI=0.03, 0.09) and patients who were hypertensive (0.10; 95% CI=0.04, 0.16) and log of revenue per patient (0.73; 95% CI=0.17, 1.30); and variables significantly associated with higher hypertension control were percentage of patients who were at high risk of cardiovascular events and on statin therapy (−0.35 95% CI= −0.39, −0.30), patients who were overweight or obese (−0.04; 95% CI= −0.07, −0.01), and veterans (−0.82; 95% CI= −1.08, −0.55).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Community health centers with higher proportions of unhoused patients may require extra support. Encouraging delivery of evidence-based care may help performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145365215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equity in Wastewater Surveillance: Assessment of the National Wastewater Surveillance System for COVID-19","authors":"Nicole B. Alkhouri MS,&nbsp;Victoria Fisher MPH,&nbsp;Nadia N. Abuelezam ScD","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Wastewater surveillance has been used for COVID-19 detection, allowing for real-time responses to outbreaks and supplementing clinical testing, especially for vulnerable and under-resourced populations. The authors assessed the demographic and place-based inclusivity of the U.S. COVID-19 wastewater surveillance infrastructure overall and as surveillance expanded during the pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The authors extracted data on U.S. counties represented by the National Wastewater Surveillance System between 2020 and 2024 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and demographic and social determinants of health data from the American Community Survey. The authors used generalized linear mixed models with a logit link adjusted for population size and state as a random effect to examine whether race, public assistance, education, and disability status were associated with surveillance coverage. The authors also examined whether surveillance expansion was equitable by comparing the characteristics of initial versus widespread adopters using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Approximately 27% (<em>n</em>=859) of U.S. counties had COVID-19 wastewater surveillance. Each unit increase in a county’s percentage of residents who were White (OR=1.36; 95% CI=1.10, 1.69) was associated with higher odds of surveillance. The authors found some evidence of increased equity in wastewater surveillance as it became widespread. However, counties with higher percentages of households receiving public assistance, disabled residents, and renter-occupied households were still unlikely to be included in wastewater surveillance efforts later in the pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Demographic characteristics associated with marginalization were associated with lower odds of wastewater surveillance, highlighting disparities in and opportunities for expanding surveillance coverage across the U.S.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hardship-Free Households Are Associated With Optimal Caregiver and Child Health","authors":"Richard Sheward MPP ,&nbsp;Stephanie Ettinger de Cuba PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Diana B. Cutts MD ,&nbsp;Deborah A. Frank MD ,&nbsp;Ana Poblacion PhD, MSc ,&nbsp;Eduardo Ochoa Jr. MD, FAAP ,&nbsp;Félice Lê-Scherban PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Maureen M. Black PhD ,&nbsp;Sharon M. Coleman MSPT, MPH ,&nbsp;Timothy C. Heeren PhD ,&nbsp;Megan Sandel MD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Families living with low incomes experience a higher risk of material hardships associated with poor health. To understand the potentially protective role of hardship-free households, the authors examined associations between the absence of material hardships among families with low incomes and child health and healthcare utilization and caregiver health outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Researchers interviewed a sentinel sample of caregivers of publicly insured children aged &lt;4 years in hospital settings in 5 U.S. cities (2012–2017). Exposure to material hardships (food insecurity, housing instability, healthcare hardship, and energy insecurity) was categorized as 0, 1, or ≥2 hardships. Outcome measures included child health (overall and oral health), anthropometrics, developmental risk, lifetime hospitalizations, composite well-child measure, caregiver health, and depressive symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the associations between hardships and child and caregiver health.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 16,320 families, 41.0% experienced 0 hardships, 28.2% experienced 1 hardship, and 30.8% experienced ≥2 hardships. After covariate control, children from hardship-free households experienced lower adjusted odds of lifetime hospitalizations, fair/poor health, fair/poor oral health, developmental risk, and higher odds of wellness than children from household that experienced ≥2 hardships, and caregivers had lower odds of fair/poor health and depressive symptoms. Children and their caregivers from households with 1 hardship showed lower adjusted odds of lifetime hospitalizations, fair/poor health, fair/poor oral health, and higher odds of wellness than those from household that experienced ≥2 hardships, and caregivers had lower odds of fair/poor health and depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Living without material hardships may contribute to positive physical and developmental/behavioral health among children and caregivers. Findings support the importance of policies to decrease material hardships among families with low incomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet, Physical Activity, and Sleep Assessment: A Portfolio Scoping Review of Measures in NIH-Funded Epidemiologic Studies","authors":"Marissa M. Shams-White PhD, MSTOM, MS, MPH ,&nbsp;Erika J. Faust MPH ,&nbsp;Meghan Zimmer MPH ,&nbsp;Emily S. Krueger MS ,&nbsp;Karen S. Regan MS, RD ,&nbsp;Alfonso J. Alfini PhD, MS ,&nbsp;Alison G.M. Brown PhD, MS ,&nbsp;Marishka K. Brown PhD ,&nbsp;Mary E. Evans PhD, RD ,&nbsp;Kirsten A. Herrick PhD, MSc ,&nbsp;Charlotte A. Pratt PhD, MS, RD ,&nbsp;Eric J. Shiroma ScD, Med ,&nbsp;Dana L. Wolff-Hughes PhD, MS ,&nbsp;Jill Reedy PhD, MPH, RDN","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Diet, physical activity, and sleep are behaviors occurring at regular intervals over the 24-hour period. To better understand how they interact and impact the etiology and prevention of chronic diseases, studies are needed that collect data on all 3 behaviors. This scoping review of the authors’ portfolio aimed to identify cohort and interventional studies funded by the National Cancer Institute; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases that collected measures on all 3 behaviors, on 2 behaviors to better understand existing gaps, and on those with data across a 24-hour period (temporal data).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cohorts receiving National Cancer Institute funding; studies identified in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Sleep Research Resource and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Central Repository; and active National Cancer Institute, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases intervention grants in Fiscal Years 2021–2022 were reviewed. Data were collected from 2021 to 2022 and analyzed from 2022 to 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-nine cohort and 47 interventional studies collected data on all 3 behaviors, of which 3 cohorts and 20 interventions collected temporal data. Forty-two cohort and 160 interventional studies collected data on 2 behaviors, of which 3 cohorts and 50 interventions collected temporal data; sleep data were most commonly missing. The most common temporal measures were 24-hour dietary recalls and actigraphy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Efforts to promote the collection of temporal data on all 3 behaviors simultaneously can support innovative research questions and analytic approaches focused on their interrelationships across the 24-hour period and health outcomes among various populations. Such efforts can inform tailored interventions and precision health research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145467521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}