AJPM focus最新文献

{"title":"Editorial Board and Journal Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773065424000932/pdfft?md5=88287f395684512e3d571c5a5846b644&pid=1-s2.0-S2773065424000932-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work-Related Factors Associated With Psychological Distress Among Grocery Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>During the COVID-19 pandemic, grocery workers experienced new (in addition to existing) work-related stressors that put them at risk for psychological distress. This study uses the job demands-resources theory to identify and describe the job demands and resources associated with grocery worker distress.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzed data from 75 90-minute interviews focusing on grocery workers’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the interviews, participants also answered questions associated with the Patient Health Questionnaire 4, a validated measure of psychological distress.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, the study found that 36% of study participants exhibited mild to severe psychological distress at the time of their interviews, and a greater proportion of young, female, and White participants reported mild to severe psychological distress than did participants in other subgroups. Qualitative data suggest that the prevalence of psychological distress among participants was likely higher at the beginning of the pandemic and resulted from fear of SARS-CoV-2 exposure, conflict with customers, workplace discrimination, increased workload, and designation as an essential worker. Although about half of the participants in the sample said that their employers provided support to improve workers’ mental health, the interviews suggest that more could be done.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings may lead to opportunities to improve worker well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic and to prepare for future public health emergencies. Proposed strategies include implementing public health measures as advised by infectious disease experts; offering information and training; providing sick leave, long-term hazard pay, higher wages, and mental health benefits; and better distribution of workloads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifestyle Differences in the Metabolic Comorbidity Score of Adult Population From South Asian Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Metabolic comorbidities are involved in the development and progression of noncommunicable diseases. There is convincing evidence that lifestyles are important contributors to metabolic comorbidities. This study measured the metabolic comorbidity score of South Asian adults and identified its relationship with lifestyles.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The authors studied 5 South Asian countries, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, using the World Health Organization's STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance data between 2014 and 2019. This was a nationally representative and cross-sectional survey on participants aged 15–69 years. The sample size was 27,616. The outcome was metabolic comorbidity score, calculated on the basis of total cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, and abdominal obesity. Total metabolic comorbidity score of each participant varied between 0 and 8. It was then divided into 3 ranges: the lowest range (total metabolic comorbidity score &lt;3), medium range (total metabolic comorbidity score ≥3 and ≤5), and the highest range (total metabolic comorbidity score ≥6). On the basis of the outcome of nonparametric receiver operating characteristics analysis, the medium and the highest ranges together were considered as higher metabolic comorbidity score. The lowest range was considered as lower metabolic comorbidity score. The higher metabolic comorbidity score was coded as 1, and the lower metabolic comorbidity score was coded as 0. Thus, the outcome variable, metabolic comorbidity score, became a binary variable. Exposures included physical inactivity (&lt;150 minutes of medium-to-vigorous physical activity/week), high daily sedentary time (≥9 hours/day), use of tobacco (present or past smoking or daily use of smokeless tobacco products), and consumption of alcohol (at least once per month in the last 1 year). Binomial logistic regression model produced the OR with corresponding 95% CIs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of higher metabolic comorbidity score was 34% among South Asian adults, 25% among the male respondents, and 41% among the female respondents. Participants who were physically inactive (OR=1.26; 95% CI= 1.17, 1.36), had high sedentary time (OR=1.24; 95% CI=1.11, 1.33), and consumed alcohol (OR=1.40; 95% CI=1.23, 1.53) showed higher metabolic comorbidity score than participants who were physically active, had low sedentary time, and did not consume alcohol respectively. However, the authors found an inverse association (OR=0.75; 95% CI=0.71, 0.81) between the use of tobacco and metabolic comorbidity score.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>One third of South Asian adults had higher metabolic comorbidity score. Physical inactivity, daily sedentary hours, and minimal alcohol consumption were associated with higher metabolic comorbidity score.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Associations of Historical Redlining With BMI and Waist Circumference in Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773065424000890/pdfft?md5=dfeb2144e3c66ea5b35b3cebdacbb9f1&pid=1-s2.0-S2773065424000890-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The COVID-19 Pandemic's Effect on Preventive Imaging","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study assessed the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on preventive care imaging and potential disparities because preventive care may be perceived as nonurgent. The objective was to identify the associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in preventive imaging volumes for patients in general and as affected by race and ethnicities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The authors performed a retrospective observational study by extracting the weekly volumes of all imaging studies between January 7, 2019 and May 1, 2022 from a radiology data warehouse at a tertiary care medical center (<em>n</em>=92,105 preventive imaging studies and 3,493,063 total radiology imaging studies) and compared preshutdown with postshutdown periods using a 2-sample <em>t</em>-test. Additional comparisons stratified by race and ethnicity were performed for mammograms and bone density examinations using interrupted time series models with negative binomial error distribution to assess the immediate level change and trends over time of preventive imaging volumes after shutdown.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The authors found a significant decrease in bilateral mammograms, bone density examinations, and aortic ultrasound examinations in the postshutdown period compared with those in the preshutdown period (<em>p</em>&lt;0.001, <em>p</em>=0.003, and <em>p</em>=0.001, respectively). There were no significant changes in low-dose computed tomography chest examinations (<em>p</em>=0.46). The shutdown was associated with a significant immediate decrease in mammograms in the Hispanic and Latino group to approximately three quarters of its preshutdown level (<em>p</em>=0.04). For bone density examinations, postshutdown weekly volumes tripled compared with the preshutdown volumes for Hispanic or Latino patients and doubled for non-Hispanic Black patients (<em>p</em>&lt;0.0001 for both). In comparison, a significant decrease was seen for Other patients (reduced to nearly a fifth of preshutdown volume) (<em>p</em>&lt;0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There was a significant decrease in overall volume of bilateral mammograms, bone density examinations, and aortic ultrasound examinations after pandemic shutdown. For mammograms, some of this decreasing trend was already seen before shutdown (such as for patients with Other race), so the shutdown was only specifically associated with an immediate decrease in mammogram levels in the Hispanic and Latino group. For bone density examinations, the shutdown was unexpectedly associated with an increase in volumes for Hispanic or Latino patients and non-Hispanic Black patients, which was countered by a significant steep decrease in volumes only for patients of Other race. Health systems should carefully explore their preventive screening examination volumes to determine which patients should be actively engaged to assure catch up on recommended care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mpox and Vaccine Knowledge, Beliefs, and Sources of Trusted Information Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in the U.S.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>This research aims to characterize disparities in mpox- and vaccine-related knowledge in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in the U.S.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The authors conducted a study using the American Men's Internet Survey, which includes 823 cisgender (defined as their gender identity matching their sex assigned at birth) males aged ≥15 years from August 5 to 15, 2022. The authors evaluated sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with mpox knowledge, including race/ethnicity, region, age group, and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use using chi-square tests.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The authors identified knowledge gaps, with many participants unsure about whether individuals need 2 doses of the vaccine (34.4%) and whether the vaccine confers immediate protection (27.2%). The authors observed racial and regional disparities (<em>p</em>&lt;0.01), with 24.4% of non-Hispanic Black men and 18.1% of men living in the South reporting little to no mpox awareness. Among the 707 self-reported HIV-negative participants, people who used pre-exposure prophylaxis within the past year were more likely to exhibit high awareness about mpox than people who did not use pre-exposure prophylaxis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Findings suggest the potential to leverage existing networks (i.e., sexually transmitted infection or general health care services with pre-exposure prophylaxis use) for future targeted health service programming or education campaigns for mpox vaccination among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773065424000853/pdfft?md5=d696db920c6c34c1789030c21a29e220&pid=1-s2.0-S2773065424000853-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicians’ Self-Reported Knowledge and Behaviors Related to Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain and Diagnosing Opioid Use Disorder, DocStyles, 2020","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released the Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain (2016 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline) to improve opioid prescribing while minimizing associated risks. This analysis sought to understand guideline-concordant knowledge and self-reported practices among primary care physicians.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data from Spring DocStyles 2020, a cross-sectional, web-based survey of practicing U.S. physicians, were analyzed in 2022 and 2023. Demographic, knowledge, and practice characteristics of primary care physicians overall (N=1,007) and among specific subsets—(1) primary care physicians who provided care for patients with chronic pain (<em>n</em>=600), (2) primary care physicians who did not provide care for patients with chronic pain (<em>n</em>=337), and (3) primary care physicians who reported not obtaining or seeking a buprenorphine waiver (<em>n</em>=624)—were examined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A majority of physicians (72.6%) were unable to select a series of options consistent with diagnostic criteria for opioid use disorder; of those physicians, almost half (47.9%) reported treating at least 1 patient with medications for opioid use disorder. A minority of physicians (17.5%) reported having a buprenorphine prescribing waiver. Among physicians who prescribed opioids for chronic pain (88.5%), 54.4% concurrently prescribed benzodiazepines. About one third (33.5%) reported not taking patients with chronic pain.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There were critical practice gaps among primary care physicians related to 2016 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline topics. Increasing knowledge of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's opioid prescribing recommendations can benefit physician practice, patient outcomes, and public health strategies in addressing the opioid overdose crisis and implementing safer and more effective pain care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773065424000877/pdfft?md5=6ac132621f3d4fef73397457547de7b4&pid=1-s2.0-S2773065424000877-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Public Health Workforce Capacity: Longer-Term Effectiveness of a Capacity Building Intervention to Improve Community-Based Public Health Prevention Work","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>There is an urgent need to build capacity among existing and incoming public health workers to enhance community-based work focused on prevention and health promotion. Public Health Essentials, a cohort-based facilitated asynchronous online capacity building intervention, was designed to build public health workers’ strategic skills and professional confidence. Earlier research reported on the short-term learning outcomes of the intervention; in this paper, the authors report on results from a longer-term outcomes evaluation, including skill retention, skill application, and possible indicators of workforce retention and community health improvement.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A sequential mixed-methods research design was used to assess and explore longer-term outcomes among a sample of Public Health Essentials graduates working in community public health roles.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Some 46% of eligible Public Health Essentials graduates (<em>n</em>=70) completed a skills survey at 3 time points: before Public Health Essentials completion, after Public Health Essentials completion, and 3–6 months after Public Health Essentials completion. Longitudinal analysis of responses showed statistically significant skill gains over baseline (beginner → proficient, <em>p</em>&lt;0.005), despite a slight drop in self-perceived ability 3–6 months after Public Health Essentials completion. Qualitative interviews with respondents and focus groups with their supervisors suggest that Public Health Essentials completion benefits participants’ everyday work by developing strategic skills and grounding their work in shared public health language, paradigms, and values. Broader reported benefits include the ability to apply new skills to community public health prevention projects and expressed motivation to continue to work in public health.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Successful completion of Public Health Essentials provides learners with durable skills applicable to public health work and may spur interest in continuing to work in the field of public health. The importance of developing and retaining a competent community-focused public health workforce cannot be overstated. Comprehensive-facilitated, online asynchronous capacity building programs may be an effective tool.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773065424000865/pdfft?md5=b383ef9875be387122b84a8dc071af29&pid=1-s2.0-S2773065424000865-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccination in Historically Marginalized Communities: Examining Barriers and Facilitators in a Pediatric Population","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>COVID-19 hospitalization rates among unvaccinated children are double of that of vaccinated children, and this difference is greater among racial and ethnic minority children. Vaccination rates among children remain suboptimal. Few studies have characterized barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among historically marginalized communities.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>From January 2022 to May 2022, parents and guardians of children aged 12 months to 18 years presenting for pediatric care at a hospital-based primary care clinic were surveyed about perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines, intentions to vaccinate their child, and trusted sources of information.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 113 parents/guardians participated, with 92% self-identifying with a historically marginalized racial/ethnic group. A total of 54% of respondents either did not plan to vaccinate their child against COVID-19 or were unsure. The obstacles to vaccination most frequently cited were related to (1) unknown side effects, (2) the rapid development of the vaccine, and (3) unsafe ingredients. Worries about being used as experimental subjects and potential impacts on fertility were also reported. Parents who planned to vaccinate their child reported higher rates of trust in doctors, local clinics, hospitals, and health departments.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>High rates of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy exist among parents/guardians from historically marginalized groups. Barriers to vaccination were frequently related to side effects, whereas a high level of trust in healthcare providers as sources of information may be a facilitator. Strategies to improve health outcomes and boost vaccination rates should focus on equipping pediatric healthcare providers with the knowledge and skills necessary to address these known barriers to COVID-19 vaccination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773065424000841/pdfft?md5=de61998cc845c081f2bc0119eced7cdd&pid=1-s2.0-S2773065424000841-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2023 Reviewer Acknowledgment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2773-0654(24)00079-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2773-0654(24)00079-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773065424000798/pdfft?md5=e14a2ef39fd6b1721c243461cecaa1fc&pid=1-s2.0-S2773065424000798-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}