AJPM focus最新文献

{"title":"Editorial Board and Journal Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2773-0654(26)00085-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2773-0654(26)00085-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149153683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board and Journal Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2773-0654(26)00058-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2773-0654(26)00058-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148730592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board and Journal Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2773-0654(26)00041-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2773-0654(26)00041-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Sample Size and Its Estimation in Medical Research","authors":"Wenqi Gan MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In medical research, study samples are used to estimate and compare characteristics of target populations. However, because samples inevitably differ from their target populations, statistical inferences are subject to inherent uncertainty. Among various contributing factors, sample size plays a critical role in determining the reliability and precision of research findings. This study used data simulations to examine how sample size affects statistical outcomes and its relationships with key metrics of statistical inference.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two normal distributions, representing the null and alternative hypotheses, were generated to illustrate the relationships between type I error, type II error, statistical power, and sample size. Statistical power and theoretical <em>p</em>-values were calculated using a two-sample <em>t</em>-test for equal sample sizes ranging from 10 to 300 per group and Cohen’s standardized effect sizes (<em>d</em>) of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 to demonstrate the interactions between these factors. Additionally, five representative scenarios were constructed to compare <em>p</em>-values and 95% confidence intervals in relation to statistical significance, clinical importance, and precision of effect estimates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Required sample size is determined by expected effect size, variability, significance level, and desired statistical power. As sample size increases, statistical power increases and <em>p</em>-values decrease when a true effect is present; both metrics gradually level off as they approach their theoretical limits. In contrast, effect estimates remain relatively stable, while their 95% confidence intervals become narrower, reflecting improved precision. Compared with <em>p</em>-values, confidence intervals provide more comprehensive information, including direction, magnitude, precision, statistical significance, and clinical importance of effect estimates. Therefore, reporting effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals alongside <em>p</em>-values is essential for transparent and meaningful interpretation of research findings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Sample size estimation is a critical component of rigorous study design. It ensures adequate statistical power, improves precision, and facilitates meaningful interpretation of research findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2025 Reviewer Acknowledgment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2026.100516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2026.100516","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Social Drivers of Health With Strengths-Based Approaches in Clinical Care","authors":"Makenna B. Snyder MSOT, OTR/L ,&nbsp;Christina M. Pacheco JD, MPH ,&nbsp;Lisa Mische-Lawson PhD, CTRS, FDRT","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100466","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workplace Safety Management Practices, Fear, Resources, and Employee Involvement During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review","authors":"Keisuke Kokubun PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>There are important workplace health lessons to be learned from the pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study summarizes the relationships between workplace safety practices, fear, resources, and employee engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic through a narrative review on articles published between January 2020 and June 2025 using a primary literature search base.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Organizations have had to implement workplace safety management practices aligned with their occupational safety and health management systems in response to COVID-19. Safety management practices include safety initiatives and training as well as employee involvement. Methods to increase employee involvement include fear and anxiety. However, although fear and anxiety promote safety compliance and safe behavior, they also wear down employees and increase their work distraction and turnover intentions. Therefore, social and psychological resources need to be strengthened to overcome this dilemma. These resources can also help safety management practices today as the pandemic begins to wind down.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Future research should focus on identifying ways to strengthen employees' social and psychological resources without relying on disasters. To this end, an integration of conservation of resource theory and behavioral theory may be useful.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination and Intention to Vaccinate Children Among a Childbearing Population (in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania)","authors":"Linda A. Adodoadji MPH ,&nbsp;Ashley V. Hill Dr. PH, MPH ,&nbsp;Ken S. Ho MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Lora E. Burke PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Tiffany L. Gary-Webb PhD, MHS ,&nbsp;Esa M. Davis MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Stephen L. Rathbun PhD, MS ,&nbsp;Meredith L. Wallace PhD ,&nbsp;Andrea D. Casas PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Sarah A. Sanders PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Marquita N. Smalls MPH ,&nbsp;Amanda L. Tapia Dr. PH ,&nbsp;Dara D. Méndez PhD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>COVID-19 vaccination inequities persist in the U.S. despite all individuals aged ≥6 months being eligible for vaccination. The authors sought to (1) identify factors associated with maternal COVID-19 vaccination, (2) identify factors associated with maternal intent to vaccinate children against COVID-19, and (3) explore Black–White differences in maternal vaccination status and intent to vaccinate children in a childbearing population in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From May to August 2022, the authors cross-sectionally surveyed 186 participants from the Postpartum Mothers Mobile Study (approximately 24–48 months postpartum) regarding COVID-19 vaccination status (i.e., at least 1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine), intent to vaccinate children against COVID-19, and sources of COVID-19 information. Descriptive characteristics were estimated by race, and log-binomial regression was used with adjustments for key covariates (e.g., maternal demographics and factors) associated with intent to vaccinate children against COVID-19.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The majority (81.2%) of participants reported receiving at least 1 dose of the original COVID-19 vaccines. About half (53.7%) of Black participants had received at least 1 dose, compared with 88.7% of White participants. A total of 107 (57.5%) participants had high intent to vaccinate their children, with 97.2% being vaccinated themselves. Not receiving a vaccine was negatively associated with intent to vaccinate children (adjusted RR=0.18; CI=0.06, 0.49).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These analyses reveal racial inequities in maternal vaccination against COVID-19. Findings highlight the need to tailor vaccine programming for families to positively impact future behaviors regarding COVID-19 vaccines and boosters for children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About Sexual Violence and Prevention Programming Implementation: Survey of Faculty at 7 Universities in Vietnam","authors":"Daniel J. Whitaker PhD ,&nbsp;Quach Thu Trang MS ,&nbsp;Meghan K. Macaulay MPH ,&nbsp;Tran Hung Minh MD ,&nbsp;Xiangming Fang PhD ,&nbsp;Kathryn M. Yount PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Nearly 18% of university women globally experience sexual violence. Efforts to prevent sexual violence on college campuses are rare in low- and middle-income countries. Leader and faculty engagement in prevention efforts is critical, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where resources are limited, and sociocultural norms may support sexual violence. The authors present findings from the first multiuniversity faculty climate survey across Vietnam that assessed knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about sexual violence and perceptions about acceptability and feasibility of prevention programming.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A total of 2,343 of 3,441 faculty (68%) at 7 universities completed the baseline survey of an implementation prevention trial. Faculty reported on demographics; knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about sexual violence; and perceptions of the feasibility and acceptability of implementing sexual violence prevention programming. Analyses present descriptives for knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, overall and by demographics. Multivariable regression was performed to explore the predictors of faculty perceptions of feasibility and acceptability of program implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Faculty did not believe that sexual violence was rare or problematic at their university. They tended to endorse rape myths about perpetrators (e.g., “rape happens when a guy gets out of control”), and beliefs supporting the need for sexual consent were moderate. Faculty reported positive campus climate for victims of sexual violence and believed that sexual violence programming was acceptable and feasible. Female and younger faculty generally had more progressive mean scores for knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs measures. Perceived leader support for a positive campus climate around sexual violence was the strongest predictor of perceived feasibility and acceptability of sexual violence prevention programming.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Faculty perceived sexual violence prevention programming to be feasible and acceptable, and these perceptions were strongly related to university leadership’s support for a positive campus climate around sexual violence. Cultivating visible and consistent leadership support for sexual violence prevention appears to be crucial to fostering faculty buy-in and enhancing prevention efforts at universities in Vietnam.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifestyle Habits and Structural Heart Abnormalities Among Former Athletes and Their Families: HUDDLE Subanalysis","authors":"Michael K.D. Amponsah MD ,&nbsp;Alexis K. Okoh MD ,&nbsp;Shannon Cheffet-Walsh DO ,&nbsp;Mehul Patel MD ,&nbsp;David Carfagno DO ,&nbsp;Druenell Linton MD ,&nbsp;Robert Dimeff MD ,&nbsp;David Braunreiter MD ,&nbsp;Phillips Harrington MD ,&nbsp;Fred H. Brennan Jr DO ,&nbsp;Clifford Kavinsky MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Marlon Everett MD ,&nbsp;Brandon Park PhD ,&nbsp;Marissa Gunnarsson MPH ,&nbsp;Sean Snowden MBA ,&nbsp;Lidia Mootz MBA ,&nbsp;Tenley Koepnick BS ,&nbsp;Jaime Wheeler MBA ,&nbsp;Sarah E. Clarke DNP ,&nbsp;Heather Prince PhD ,&nbsp;E. Lee Rice DO","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.focus.2025.100455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally. Understanding the association between lifestyle habits, risk factors, and structural heart abnormalities is crucial for developing preventive strategies, especially among understudied populations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The HUDDLE trial was a cross-sectional study of National Football League alumni and their family members aged ≥50 years who self-reported health histories and underwent noninvasive cardiovascular disease screening, including transthoracic echocardiography. Cardiovascular disease risk factors were evaluated using a modified American Heart Association Life’s Simple 7 (physical activity, tobacco use, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, alcohol intake, and hyperlipidemia) and assessed as ideal, intermediate, or poor.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 498 participants, 92.4% had at least 1 poor health metric, with 15.9% having ≥3. Former National Football League players aged &lt;65 years had a higher prevalence of ≥3 poor metrics compared with other participants. Non-White former National Football League players exhibited nearly double the prevalence of having 3 or more poor health metrics as their White counterparts (23.9% vs 12.0%). Compared with those with no poor metrics, participants with 3–7 poor metrics had the highest odds of having structural heart abnormality (OR=2.40; 95% CI=1.08, 5.32), followed by those with 2 (OR=2.39; 95% CI=1.16, 4.92) and 1 (OR=1.79; 95% CI=0.87, 3.66) poor metric.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This subanalysis of the HUDDLE study identified a high prevalence of poor health metrics among former National Football League players and their families. Younger, non-White participants were more likely to have worse lifestyle habits than their counterparts. Increasing number of poor health metrics was associated with structural heart abnormalities.</div><div>Trial registration: This study is registered at <span><span>http://www.clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (NCT0500958).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72142,"journal":{"name":"AJPM focus","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}