The Underutilization of National Diabetes Prevention Program Among Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: An In-Depth Focus Group Analysis

Abstract

Introduction

Gestational diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. However, the National Diabetes Prevention Program, effective in reducing Type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence, is underutilized among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. This study aims to explore the factors contributing to this underutilization and propose strategies to increase National Diabetes Prevention Program's usage.

Methods

A qualitative study with narrative methodology was employed, involving focus group discussions with 18 women aged between 29 and 43 years, who had a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Participants were recruited from a gestational diabetes mellitus registry through University of California, San Diego's online platform. The discussions were aimed at understanding their awareness of Type 2 diabetes mellitus risk after gestational diabetes mellitus and their knowledge about the National Diabetes Prevention Program.

Results

Thematic analysis of the discussions revealed 4 key themes: (1) challenges in navigating health information after gestational diabetes mellitus; (2) perceived facilitators for National Diabetes Prevention Program participation, including peer support, personalized guidance, and virtual options; (3) perceived barriers, such as time constraints, childcare responsibilities, and financial considerations; and (4) insights into patient perspectives on gestational diabetes mellitus care. Despite awareness of their increased Type 2 diabetes mellitus risk, there was a notable gap in knowledge about the National Diabetes Prevention Program among participants.

Conclusions

The study highlights the critical need for improved communication regarding postgestational diabetes mellitus risk of type 2 diabetes and the National Diabetes Prevention Program. Addressing communication gaps, offering personalized support, and accommodating the unique challenges faced by women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus can enhance National Diabetes Prevention Program participation. The significance of a patient-centric approach in diabetes prevention is underscored, emphasizing that such an approach could significantly impact Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention in this high-risk population.