Aging and health research最新文献

{"title":"Measuring the loss of age-associated knowledge and skills in the U.S. population, 2020","authors":"Robert A. Hahn","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Uses Years of Accumulated Ability Lost (YAAL) as a proxy measure of societal loss through death of skills and knowledge acquired with age and experience, and compares the rankings of YAAL with rankings for crude mortality and YPLL (Years of Potential Life Lost).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>2020 U.S. mortality data were used to to estimate YAAL associated with mortality from the leading causes of death, and compare the rankings of YAAL, crude mortality, and YPLL.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>YAAL and crude mortality had comparable rankings with the exception of accidents which ranked higher in crude mortality. YAAL and YPLL differed substantially and shared only the ranking of malignant neoplasms third.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>YAAL can be used to measure the societal losses through death of skills and knowledge.</p></div><div><h3>Policy implications</h3><p>In contrast to many non-Western societies, U.S. society does not greatly value its aging population. YAAL provides a measure of the array of skills and knowledge accumulated by a population which is lost at their death.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42960473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accessing a “bounded space”: An ethnographic map of a residential care home for old persons during COVID-19","authors":"Jayme Tauzer","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Taking place in a residential care setting in England during COVID-19, this ethnographic study offers a closer look at residents' experiences of residential care, with particular focus on dignity and wellbeing. Viewing experiences of well-being as embedded within interpersonal negotiations, the study turns to experience and stories to reveal complexities and contradictions in this taken-for-granted space. However, the timeline and design for this project has been greatly impacted by COVID-19. In exploring the design of this study and its ‘journey’ toward the field, the following article takes a critical view in order to view the impacts that ‘bounded’ and protected care settings may have on the agency and rights of older adult research participants. In this article, I also consider some of the complex ethical issues of conducting qualitative research during a time when older adults are being denied personal visitors, which can further 'bound' the care home space. The article offers timely insight on issues of agency and voice when working with a ‘protected population’ during a time which highlights the vulnerability of old adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10076071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9649862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the acceptability and safety of molnupiravir in COVID-19 patients aged over and under 80 years","authors":"Kohei Fujita ,&nbsp;Osamu Kanai ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Hata ,&nbsp;Kenjiro Ishigami ,&nbsp;Kazutaka Nanba ,&nbsp;Naoki Esaka ,&nbsp;Koichi Seta ,&nbsp;Tadashi Mio ,&nbsp;Takao Odagaki","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Molnupiravir is being widely used as a treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, its acceptability and safety in older patients aged ≥ 80 years in real-world clinical practice is not well understood.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a single-centre retrospective study and assessed the outcome of patients with COVID-19 treated with molnupiravir according to the following criteria: (A) discontinuation rate of molnupiravir; (B) type, frequency, and severity of adverse events; (C) all-cause mortality within 30 days of the diagnosis of COVID-19.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Forty-seven patients (46.1%) were aged ≥ 80 years (older patients) and 55 (53.9%) were aged &lt; 80 years (younger patients). There were no significant differences in coexisting diseases and history of vaccination for COVID-19 between older and younger patients. Older patients were significantly more likely to have moderate disease (moderate 1 and 2) according to the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare classification than younger patients. During treatment, 8.5% of older patients and 1.8% of younger patients stopped taking molnupiravir, but the difference was not significant. Adverse events were observed in 39/102 (38.2%) patients. The most common adverse events were diarrhoea (9.8%), exacerbation of coexisting diseases (6.9%), bone marrow suppression (6.9%), liver dysfunction (5.9%), and loss of appetite (4.9%). Most adverse events were minor, ranging from grades 1 to 3. The all-cause mortality rate was 10.8%, and no molnupiravir-related deaths were observed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Molnupiravir treatment is acceptable and safe in older patients with COVID-19 aged ≥ 80 years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9985534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9651724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A descriptive exploration of younger and older adults’ experiences of Integrative Medical Group Visits for Long COVID","authors":"Raveena Mata ,&nbsp;Ayomide Okanlawon Bankole ,&nbsp;Jessica Barnhill ,&nbsp;Isabel Roth","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Long COVID disproportionately affects older adults. Individuals with Long COVID (LC) often experience symptoms that severely impact quality of life, and treatment approaches are still evolving. The Integrative Medical Group Visit (IMGV) model is an evidence-based approach that may be useful to treat patients with LC; however, there is limited evidence describing the experience and/or feasibility of using IMGV for LC treatment, especially among the older adult population. The purpose of this study is to describe older and younger adults’ experiences of both having LC and participating in a virtually delivered IMGV for LC.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a secondary analysis of qualitative data from a parent study examining the experiences of participants in a virtually delivered IMGV for patients with LC. Patients participated in semi-structured interviews before and after 8 weekly IMGV sessions. Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview data.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, 21 pre-interviews and 17 post-interviews were collected. Thematic analysis of patient interviews by age group resulted in three themes that each contained similarities and differences between the younger and older adult participants. These themes included: (1) experiences of LC (2) feelings about the future (3) experiences of the pilot IMGV on LC.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study provides critical context for clinicians who treat older adults with LC. Results support virtually delivered IMGVs as a potentially feasible option for both older and younger adults who want to apply an integrative approach to their LC treatment. Findings from this study will inform future research on IMGV for LC treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3c/6d/nihms-1909854.PMC10554753.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41168564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decade of healthy ageing in Asia","authors":"Qiushi Feng,&nbsp;Bei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49817252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenting style in childhood and depressive symptoms among family caregivers in middle and later adulthood in the United States: The role of perceived control","authors":"Yujun Liu ,&nbsp;M. Courtney Hughes ,&nbsp;Abby Baumbach ,&nbsp;Hongdao Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Childhood experiences with parents can impact family caregivers’ attitudes and well-being in middle and later adulthood. This study aims to examine the association between remembered parenting style of parents in childhood and depressive symptoms among family caregivers in middle and later adulthood.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Data were from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, a longitudinal national survey that included 7108 adult participants at baseline (1993). Conditional process modeling was conducted using data from 629 participants who had given personal care to their family members for one month or more in the second (2003) wave.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>The results showed the direct path between parental affection and depressive symptoms (direct effect: -0.105, 95% CI: -0.008, -0.116) and the direct path between parental discipline and depressive symptoms (direct effect: 0.027, 95% CI: 0.014, 0.037) were significant. Perceived control (indirect effect: 0.002, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.005, κ2= 0.001) significantly mediated the relationship between parental affection and depressive symptoms. The indirect effect between parental discipline and depressive symptoms through perceived control (indirect effect: 0.005, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.007, κ2= 0.011) was also significant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings supported the mediation effects of perceived control on the association between parenting styles and depressive symptoms among family caregivers in their middle and later life. Knowledge about the impact of parenting styles on family caregivers may help in developing and targeting support interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41942138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors and outcomes of delirium in hospitalized older adults with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Nida Munawar ,&nbsp;Rubab Syed ,&nbsp;Maria Costello ,&nbsp;David Robinson ,&nbsp;Colm Bergin ,&nbsp;Elaine Greene","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Older adults with COVID-19 are more likely to present with atypical symptoms, notably delirium. The main objective of this meta-analysis is to identify risk factors for delirium and outcomes of delirium in hospitalized older adults (65 years or above) with COVID-19.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Comprehensive literature search of Embase, CINAHIL, Medline and Web of Science was performed for published literature until 31st August 2021. Two independent researchers evaluated study eligibility and assessed study quality using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort studies and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools for case series. The association of various predisposing factors with delirium in this cohort was reported as odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 31 studies from 11 countries were included in this review. Most of the included studies investigated patients from non-ICU settings (<em>n</em> = 24; 77.4%). Frailty (OR 3.52, 95% CI: 1.96–6.31, <em>p</em>&lt;0.0001, I²=71.63%), cognitive impairment including dementia (OR 6.17, 95% CI: 2.92–13.07, <em>p</em>&lt;0.00001, I²=88.63%) and being nursing home residents (OR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.31–2.24, <em>p</em>&lt;0.0001, I²=0) were significantly associated with increased likelihood of developing delirium in older adults with COVID-19. The presence of delirium also significantly increases mortality risk in hospitalized older adults with COVID-19 (OR 2.51, 95% CI: 1.51–4.17, <em>p</em>&lt;0.0001, I²=89.3%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our review identifies key factors associated with increased risk of developing delirium in hospitalized older adults with COVID-19. Identification of patients at risk of delirium and attention to these factors early during admission may improve outcomes for this vulnerable cohort.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9894681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9183850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood health conditions and insomnia among adults in mid-life","authors":"Connor Sheehan ,&nbsp;Phillip Cantu ,&nbsp;Danielle Powell ,&nbsp;Sydney Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Little is known regarding the influence of childhood health broadly and childhood health conditions specifically on insomnia throughout adulthood.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Baby Boomers born 1954–1965 were investigated. We fitted regression models predicting self-reported insomnia based on twenty-three retrospectively reported specific childhood health conditions (e.g., measles) and general childhood health measures and adjusted for demographics, childhood socioeconomic status, and adult socioeconomic status.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Nearly all the measures of childhood health significantly increased insomnia symptoms in adulthood. In a model where all measures were included, we found that respiratory disorders, headaches, stomach problems, and concussions were particularly strong predictors of insomnia.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings extend past work illustrating the “long arm” of childhood conditions for health, showing that specific health conditions in childhood may indelibly imprint insomnia risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ac/3f/nihms-1883030.PMC10065450.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9651025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevance of gut microbiota to Alzheimer's Disease (AD): Potential effects of probiotic in management of AD","authors":"Mahadev Dhami ,&nbsp;Khadga Raj ,&nbsp;Shamsher Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gut microbiota consists of a group of microorganisms required to support the gastrointestinal system. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a dynamic bidirectional communication pathway that links cognitive and emotional perception with peripheral intestinal functions. The change in the architecture of gut microbiota increases the permeability of the intestine, activates the immune system, changes blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, increases proinflammatory mediators, and eventually causes neurodegeneration. The increased intestinal bowel upset and altered BBB permeability cause microbiota dysbiosis that leads to the release of amyloids and lipopolysaccharides. This further modulate NF-κB signaling and immense proinflammatory cytokines storm and cause loss of neurons. A growing body of experimental and clinical reports indicates the role of intestinal dysbiosis and microbiota-host interaction in neurodegeneration. The use of germ-free animals and animals with pathogenic infections and probiotics that affect the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated with gut microbiota is an ongoing developmental research area. The therapeutic indication of probiotics in modulating intestinal microbiota would be a therapeutic strategy in AD.  The purpose of the article is to explore how the gut-brain axis is linked to cognitive impairment and the use of probiotics to maintain gut microbial flora and prevent AD-like symptoms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47736842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of MCI patients using vergence eye movements and pupil responses obtained during a visual oddball test","authors":"Amin Hashemi ,&nbsp;Oleksii Leonovych ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Carolina Jiménez ,&nbsp;Alba Sierra-Marcos ,&nbsp;August Romeo ,&nbsp;Patricia Bustos Valenzuala ,&nbsp;Maria Solé Puig ,&nbsp;Joan Lopez Moliner ,&nbsp;Elisabet Tubau ,&nbsp;Hans Supèr","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients can be identified based on the analysis of vergence eye movements and pupil responses. We recorded vergence and pupil responses in MCI patients (<em>N</em> = 22) and cognitive healthy elderly (<em>N</em> = 18) while performing a visual oddball task. Based on selected features, a classifier model computed probability scores predicting MCI. MCI patients were re-evaluated in a follow-up visit of 12–18 months. For validating the model, patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) (<em>N</em> = 9) were tested. High classification accuracy was obtained (AUC: 0.93). In addition, the probability scores showed significant predictive power of MCI conversion into possible AD. Our results show that MCI can be detected by assessing vergence and pupil responses during a simple and short task. Therefore, these responses could potentially be used as a marker tool for MCI diagnosis and to identify the risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48662885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}