Aging and health research最新文献

{"title":"The mindfulness bridge: Exploring education and cognitive performance in older adults with low educational attainment","authors":"Lucas Nogueira de Carvalho Pelegrini ,&nbsp;Areta Dames Cachapuz Novaes ,&nbsp;Rosalina Aparecida Partezani Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Low literacy is associated with poor cognitive performance and it is a risk factor for dementia. Recently, research suggests an association between levels of mindfulness and cognitive performance of older adults. This study aims to analyze if levels of mindfulness mediate the relationship between years of education and cognitive performance in older adults with low education.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a quantitative, observational, and analytical study whose participants were cognitively healthy community-dwelling older adults. Participants were assessed through a sociodemographic questionnaire, ACE-III, Langer Mindfulness Scale – 21 items, and Geriatric Depression Scale. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed, and the significance level was set at <em>p</em>&lt;0.05.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Mean scores for cognitive performance, levels of mindfulness, and depressive symptoms were, respectively, 74.4 (±18), 104 (±17.4), and 2.5 (±1.9). The mediation analysis suggested a total effect of years of education on cognitive performance of 2.29 (<em>p</em>&lt;0.001), a direct effect of years of education on cognitive performance, controlling for levels of mindfulness, of 1.87 (<em>p</em>&lt;0.001), and an indirect effect of years of education on cognitive performance, via levels of mindfulness, of 0.42 (95 % Bias-Corrected and Accelerated Confidence Interval [0.09 to 0.76]).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings suggested that levels of mindfulness mediate the relationship between years of education and cognitive performance among healthy older adults with low educational attainment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49762606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations among body mass index, handgrip strength, and cognitive impairment in older men and women in India","authors":"Manacy Pai ,&nbsp;T. Muhammad ,&nbsp;Adrita Bannerjee ,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Shobhit Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study examined the associations among body mass index (BMI), handgrip strength (HGS) and cognitive impairment among older adults in India. We also assessed whether these associations vary by gender.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used data from baseline wave of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (2017–18) with a sample of 31,464 adults age 60 and above. Cognitive impairment was assessed using different domains of cognition, including memory, orientation, arithmetic functioning, and visuospatial and constructional ability. We used multivariable logistic regression and interaction analyses to test the research hypotheses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Older women had 2.25 times the odds of cognitive impairment than older men [AOR: 2.25; CI: 2.01–2.53]. The odds of cognitive impairment were 1.36 times among underweight older adults [AOR: 1.36; CI: 1.23–1.50], 0.72 times among overweight [AOR: 0.72; CI: 0.62–0.83], and 0.66 times among obese older adults [AOR: 0.66; CI: 0.51–0.84] compared to peers with normal BMI. Underweight women had 3.14 times the odds of being cognitively impaired [AOR: 3.14; CI: 2.67–3.68] compared to older men with normal BMI. Further, older men who were underweight and had a weak HGS had higher odds of cognitive impairment than older men with a normal BMI and strong HGS. Conversely, older women who were overweight or obese and had strong HGS reported lower odds of cognitive impairment than older women with normal BMI and strong HGS.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>That the association between BMI and cognitive impairment differs between men and women and by HGS gives health care providers and practitioners additional information needed to identify groups of older adults most susceptible to cognitive impairment. In particular, gender specific policies and an assessment of HGS may be useful when crafting interventions to minimize the negative consequences of varying body types on later life cognitive function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49762605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advance care planning and outpatient visits among older adults across cognitive levels","authors":"Zahra Rahemi ,&nbsp;Juanita-Dawne R. Bacsu ,&nbsp;Justine S. Sefcik ,&nbsp;Maryam S. Sadafipoor ,&nbsp;George Demiris ,&nbsp;Swann Arp Adams","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Advance care planning (ACP) can help reduce end-of-life care challenges for persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia and their care partners. Building on our previous work, we examined the impact of ACP on outpatient/doctor visits in older adults with dementia/impaired cognition and normal cognition. Using datasets from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we conducted a cross-sectional study of 17,698 participants aged 51 years and older. Our analyses included survey descriptive and logistic regression procedures. Our findings indicated that having at least one ACP measure was significantly associated with a higher mean number of outpatient visits in both cognition groups. Based on our findings, we recommend considering healthcare access and use as an intervening variable in future ACP research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49726659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on mortality and excess mortality of midlife from 40 to 64 age groups","authors":"Yoshiyasu Takefuji","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the middle-aged population in the US. Leveraging the CDC dataset, this study quantifies the number of fatalities across various midlife age brackets, specifically 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, 55–59, and 60–64 for both males and females, spanning the years 2015 to 2020. A novel Python Package Index (PyPI) application, midlife was developed to compute and visualize these findings. The PyPI midlife application was also validated via Code Ocean for reproducibility of the application. The analysis revealed that males aged 55–59 and females aged 50–54 experienced the highest excess mortality due to COVID-19, likely due to a previously declining death trend in these groups. This research not only provides a method to visualize and calculate the impact of COVID-19 on midlife mortality by age and sex, but also highlights the potential economic repercussions of rising midlife mortality rates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49738102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resident satisfaction indicators in long term care settings in the United States: A scoping review","authors":"Xiaoli Li ,&nbsp;Elias Mpofu ,&nbsp;Sandra Collins ,&nbsp;Cheng Yin ,&nbsp;Thomas Shaw","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to an increasingly aging population and long-term care available, the number of older adults seeking long-term care facilities is growing. Resident satisfaction indicators have become important measurements of service quality. However, few scoping reviews have investigated the evidence on prevalent resident satisfaction indicators and associated factors. The aim of the study is to summarize the evidence on the types of resident satisfaction indicators utilized in long term care settings in the United States. We searched the PubMed, PsycInfo, AgeLine, MEDLINE, Web of Science for articles that published on resident care satisfaction indicators in long-term care facilities. A total of thirty-three articles provided evidence about the determinants of resident satisfaction in different long-term care settings. The analysis yielded two groups of indicators of resident care satisfaction: multi-factor indicators spanning room, staff, food, care services, activities, laundry, autonomy, finances, overall rating, and those related to single factors of resident satisfaction, including facility factor, resident factors, service program factor, food service factor, and staff factor. Most nursing homes used multi-factor indicators for the benefit of comprehensiveness. Single factor indicators tend to be used in assisted living and other residential aged care communities for getting a clear picture of what specific changes need to be made in certain service area. Combinations of multiple factors and single factor can obtain both a comprehensive satisfaction and detailed information to guide change.</p><p>Study design</p><p>A cross sectional survey design</p><p>The results indicate that satisfaction with staff care has a moderate and positive effect on all other aspects of resident satisfaction. The relationships among satisfaction components are different for nursing home and hostel residents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49726676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring illness perceptions of multimorbidity among community-dwelling older adults: A mixed methods study","authors":"Ayomide Okanlawon Bankole ,&nbsp;Rozmin B Jiwani ,&nbsp;Forgive Avorgbedor ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Onome Henry Osokpo ,&nbsp;Sara L. Gill ,&nbsp;Carrie Jo Braden","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Illness perceptions are individual beliefs or experiences about the nature and treatment of their illness. While extensive research exists on illness perceptions, less is known about illness perceptions of multimorbidity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The purpose of this parallel-convergent mixed-methods study was to comprehensively explore illness perception of multimorbidity among community dwelling older adults. Data was collected using one-on-one semi-structured interviews (<em>n</em> = 17) and the Multimorbidity Illness Perception Scale (MULTIPleS) (<em>n</em> = 116). Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis while quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Both qualitative and quantitative findings were integrated to identify differences in illness perceptions of multimorbidity by participant's socio-demographic and illness-related characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, participants were mostly female (71 %), self-reported as Hispanic (35 %), Black (33 %), White (27 %), or Asian (5 %). From the content analysis of the qualitative data, we described three themes pertaining to Illness perception of multimorbidity which were influenced by both participants’ socio-demographic and illness-related characteristics: (1) inter-relationships between conditions (2) consequences and priorities and (3) impact of multimorbidity on wellbeing. While inferential analysis of quantitative data indicated statistically significant differences across only socio-demographic characteristics such as race/ethnicity (causal links, prioritization, summary scale) and educational attainment (prioritization subscale). Mixed analysis of qualitative and quantitative findings confirmed that illness perception of multimorbidity may not differ by the number of chronic conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Participants prioritized the impact of multimorbidity on their wellbeing, placing less importance on the number of their chronic conditions. Additional studies are needed to further characterize illness perceptions of multimorbidity and develop interventions that extend beyond disease-focused approaches, addressing the holistic needs of older adults with multimorbidity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49738103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and age group-wise inequality in health burden and value of premature death from COVID-19 in India","authors":"Chandan Kumar Swain ,&nbsp;Himanshu Sekhar Rout","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Earlier studies have focused on the age-group-wise health burden of COVID-19 while few studies have focused on the gender-wise analysis of the burden of COVID-19. The present study estimated the health burden and value of premature mortality from COVID-19 based on gender and age.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study was based on secondary data collected from several sources of the government of India. To quantify the health burden, the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) method was used. An abridged life table was used to estimate the fall in life expectancy due to COVID-19. The value of premature mortality was estimated by using the human capital approach.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among COVID-19 cases, 65.08% were males and 34.92% were females. The overall health burden caused by COVID-19 was 19,24,107 DALY in 2020, 43,40,526 DALY in 2021, and 8,08,124 DALY in 2022. The health burden per 1000 males was more than double that per 1000 females. This was due to higher rates of infection and case fatality rate among males compared to females. The age group 60–64 years experienced the highest loss of healthy life years per 1000 people, while the age group 55–59 years had the highest overall loss. Due to additional deaths from COVID-19, life expectancy decreased by 0.24 years in 2020, 0.47 years in 2021, and 0.07 years in 2022. The total value of premature death in the first three years of the COVID-19 pandemic amounted to 15,849.99 crores INR.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In India, males and the older population were more susceptible to the impact of COVID-19.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10284616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9716718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term survival after on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with coronary artery disease in Taiwan","authors":"Chia-Chun Hung ,&nbsp;Chung-Yi Chang ,&nbsp;Ming-Chon Hsiung ,&nbsp;Jeng Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study analyzed the long-term survival of 1,482 eligible patients with coronary artery disease who received on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (ONCAB) between 1997 and 2003 in Taiwan. The cumulative all-cause death rate over 23 years was 21.9%, while the cumulative cardiovascular-specific death (CVD) rate was 2.09%. Patients aged ≥ 70 years had a significantly higher incidence rate ratio (IRR) (IRR, 2.183, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.742–2.731), but the lower cumulative incidence rate ratio (CIRR) (CIRR, 0.634, 95% CI, 0.524–0.767) for all-cause deaths than those aged &lt; 70 years. There was no significant difference for IRR and CIRR of CVD between 2 groups. Overall survival was influenced by hypertension (hazard ratio [HR], 1.412, 95% CI, 1.104–1.806), dyslipidemia (HR, 1.890, 95% CI, 1.506–2.372), and previous stroke (HR, 0.525, 95% CI, 0.391–0.705) in all patients. Our results suggest that ONCAB may be a viable option for older patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47866177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sense of purpose in life and work-life tension: Perceptions of interference and enhancement","authors":"Angelina R. Sutin ,&nbsp;Martina Luchetti ,&nbsp;Yannick Stephan ,&nbsp;Antonio Terracciano","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research examines the relation between purpose in life and perceptions of work-life interference (work interferes with personal life and vice versa) and enhancement (work enhances personal life and vice versa) and whether these dimensions mediate purpose and cognition over 10 years. Employed participants from the Health and Retirement Study (<em>N</em> = 4,492) reported on their purpose in life and work-life interference and enhancement; a subset (<em>N</em> = 2,207) had cognition measured at baseline and again 10 years later. Purpose was associated with less work-life interference and greater work-life enhancement. Purpose was associated with maintenance of cognition, but the work-life dimensions were unrelated to cognition and thus did not account for the relation between purpose and maintenance of cognitive function. This research suggests that purpose in life is associated with greater integration of working and personal lives. Such integration can promote better aging-related outcomes, but not cognitive function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46523482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors of dementia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Hong Kong diabetes study","authors":"Yau-Lam Alex Chau ,&nbsp;Ji Won Yoo ,&nbsp;Jiandong Zhou ,&nbsp;Cosmos LiutaoGuo ,&nbsp;Wing Tak Wong ,&nbsp;Carlin Chang ,&nbsp;Tong Liu ,&nbsp;Kamalan Jeevaratnam ,&nbsp;Qingpeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Gary Tse ,&nbsp;Sharen Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This population-based cohort study investigated the risk factors of incident dementia and vascular dementia in type 2 diabetic patients (≥45 years old) attending the Hong Kong Hospital Authority between 1st January and 31st December 2009.Of the 273,876 patients included,9994 showed incident dementia (median follow-up: 4245 days). Multivariable Cox regression identified older age (HR: 1.09 [95% CI: 1.08–1.10]) and antiplatelet use (HR: 1.36 [1.14–1.62]) as risk factors for incident dementia, and older age (HR: 1.07 [1.06–1.08]), ischemic stroke (HR: 1.47 [1.09–1.98]), fasting blood glucose (HR: 1.10 [1.01–1.20]), antiplatelets (HR: 1.92 [1.51–2.44]), and calcium channel blocker (HR: 1.28 [1.04–1.57]) use as risk factors of incident vascular dementia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42213039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}