Aging and health research最新文献

{"title":"Lingering Effects of COVID-19 Stressors on Mental Health and Alcohol Use in Middle Aged to Older Adults","authors":"Tracy W. Lin ,&nbsp;Judith A. Richman ,&nbsp;Timothy P. Johnson ,&nbsp;Kathleen M. Rospenda","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Older adults have faced not only health threats but grave mental health challenges since the emergence of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Using factor analysis, this study is the first to identify the underlying dimensions of COVID-19-related stressors, then examine the relationship between these factors and mental health and alcohol use/misuse longitudinally in a middle aged to older adult sample in the United States.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>As part of a long-term follow-up study, 921 survey participants completed measures of COVID-related stressors, psychological distress, and alcohol use/misuse in a 2020 survey. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine the dimensionality of COVID-related stress. Regression models were utilized to examine relationships between the extracted factors and depression, anxiety, and alcohol-related outcomes measured approximately one year later, in 2021.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Four dimensions of COVID-19 stressors were extracted, including 1) jobs, finances and loss of routine; 2) practical difficulties; 3) social worries and challenges; and 4) supply shortages. Practical difficulties were associated with higher depression at follow-up, while jobs, finances and loss of routine were associated with past 12 month frequency of intoxication at follow-up. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Challenges from the pandemic may have longer-term implications for mental health in older adults past the acute phase of the pandemic. It is important to allocate sufficient attention and resources to the prevention of late life depression and mental health as policymakers and health professionals continue to deal with the pandemic and future variants of the virus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667032123000628/pdfft?md5=b12b2e0f63fcc7209f146ad4b41d4cc0&pid=1-s2.0-S2667032123000628-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview about neurological diseases in India – A theranostics approach","authors":"Balachandar Vellingiri","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the current global population expansion and increasing life expectancy, more people are living in their later years, when neurological issues are most common. Both environmental and geographical factors contribute to the incidence of various neurological diseases (NDs) in India. These diseases involve the gradual or complete loss of structure and function of neurons, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), epilepsy, stroke, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The exact cause of these illnesses is still unknown in medicine. Still, it may be linked to protein deterioration, oxidative stress, inflammation, environmental factors, mitochondrial deficiencies, familial history, and abnormal protein build-up. In this review, we have discussed briefly the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases from Indian studies as well as possible diagnostic markers, drugs used, traditional Indian medicinal plants, and alternative therapeutic approaches for detecting and treating these NDs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667032123000616/pdfft?md5=3bdab0f4cc8ca8b36946d091feb70e13&pid=1-s2.0-S2667032123000616-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to vaccination among older adults: Demographic variation and links to vaccine acceptance","authors":"Heather R. Fuller ,&nbsp;Andrea Huseth-Zosel ,&nbsp;Bryce Van Vleet ,&nbsp;Paul J. Carson","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Despite risks of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases, many older adults are under vaccinated. The present study investigates possible barriers to acceptance of vaccines recommended for older adults and considers demographic variation and links to acceptance for distinct vaccines.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A mailed survey was conducted with 901 older adults (aged 65+) across the state of North Dakota, oversampling for rural regions. The survey addressed demographic characteristics, barriers to vaccination (including needle phobia, cost, lacking doctor recommendation, transportation, and scheduling uncertainty), and vaccine acceptance (including provider guidance acceptance and uptake for influenza, shingles, pneumococcal, and COVID-19 vaccines).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Cost (27.2 %) and needle phobia (24.1 %) were the most prevalent barriers. Rural, lower educated, non-white, and living alone older adults experienced increased risks of barriers such as cost, lacking a doctor recommendation, transportation, and uncertainty how to schedule. Cost was associated with shingles vaccine uptake, whereas lacking doctor recommendation was associated with uptake for all vaccines except shingles. Needle phobia was associated with uptake of all vaccines except COVID-19. Transportation barrier was only associated with pneumococcal vaccine uptake.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings highlight relatively low prevalence of barriers, yet variability by older adults’ demographic characteristics. Further, the influence of barriers on acceptance varied by vaccine type. By better understanding the nuanced role of barriers to older adults’ vaccination, strategies to increase vaccination rates can be developed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667032123000604/pdfft?md5=59b0575f51a0acb88edde5b56089d64c&pid=1-s2.0-S2667032123000604-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138501753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring stigmatizing perceptions of dementia among racialized groups living in the Anglosphere: A scoping review","authors":"George Philip ,&nbsp;Marie Y. Savundranayagam ,&nbsp;Anita Kothari ,&nbsp;Joseph B. Orange","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A prominent gap exists in understanding stigma among racialized persons living with dementia, care partners, and community. A scoping review was conducted to explore stigmatizing perceptions of dementia among racialized groups living in Anglosphere countries. Eligible studies focused on dementia and stigma, and reported data on racialized groups (i.e., Black, Hispanic, South Asian, East Asian, Middle Eastern) living in Anglosphere countries (i.e., Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand). All publication dates were included. Eligible studies were published in English. Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline(Ovid), EMBASE databases were searched in November 2022. Data extraction and thematic analysis was performed on eligible studies using Corrigan's Model of Stigma. Themes were categorized into stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination. Thirty-six studies were included. Themes aligning with stereotypes included derogatory and unpredictable labels, religious beliefs and mysticism toward dementia, and associating dementia with other diseases. Themes aligning with prejudices included shame or embarrassment of dementia. Themes aligning with discrimination included discouragement in help-seeking and isolation, and lack of social acceptance. Stigmatizing perceptions of dementia among racialized communities may delay diagnosis, treatment, and participation in support programs. Future studies must aim to educate and promote dementia awareness among racialized groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667032123000549/pdfft?md5=3fabebe942971c5ab9941836653c7910&pid=1-s2.0-S2667032123000549-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138474868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease–A step towards mitochondria based therapeutic strategies","authors":"Khadga Raj Aran,&nbsp;Shamsher Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with reduced cognitive function due to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Recent studies show that the pathophysiology of AD may be influenced by mitochondrial dysfunctionality, Ca²⁺ imbalance, apoptosis, decreased energy, and alteration in its metabolism. Study indicates that damaged mitochondria play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AD, even if the precise mechanism behind AD pathogenesis remains unknown. It is thought that a healthy pool of mitochondria protects neurons by reducing oxidative damage caused by mitochondria and also promotes neuronal activity by giving neurons enough energy and other associated mitochondrial functions. In this sense, investigation of the mitochondrial mechanisms that altered the pathogenesis of AD constitutes novel, promising therapeutic targets for the disease. Mitochondria enhances energy generation, antioxidants to scavenge reactive oxygen species and reduce oxidative damage substrate supply, glucose metabolism, and potential drug candidates that target apoptotic and mitophagy pathways to remove damaged mitochondria. Although mitochondrial therapy approaches have shown promise in preclinical studies, there hasn't been much advancement in clinical trials thus far. Therefore, we try to find out the role of mitochondria in AD and highlight the development of compounds that target mitochondria as potential therapeutic targets for AD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667032123000537/pdfft?md5=da1e662ecd9a9790d70dbfac599fbcff&pid=1-s2.0-S2667032123000537-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134657048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mindfulness bridge: Exploring education and cognitive performance in older adults with low educational attainment","authors":"Lucas Nogueira de Carvalho Pelegrini ,&nbsp;Areta Dames Cachapuz Novaes ,&nbsp;Rosalina Aparecida Partezani Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Low literacy is associated with poor cognitive performance and it is a risk factor for dementia. Recently, research suggests an association between levels of mindfulness and cognitive performance of older adults. This study aims to analyze if levels of mindfulness mediate the relationship between years of education and cognitive performance in older adults with low education.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a quantitative, observational, and analytical study whose participants were cognitively healthy community-dwelling older adults. Participants were assessed through a sociodemographic questionnaire, ACE-III, Langer Mindfulness Scale – 21 items, and Geriatric Depression Scale. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed, and the significance level was set at <em>p</em>&lt;0.05.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Mean scores for cognitive performance, levels of mindfulness, and depressive symptoms were, respectively, 74.4 (±18), 104 (±17.4), and 2.5 (±1.9). The mediation analysis suggested a total effect of years of education on cognitive performance of 2.29 (<em>p</em>&lt;0.001), a direct effect of years of education on cognitive performance, controlling for levels of mindfulness, of 1.87 (<em>p</em>&lt;0.001), and an indirect effect of years of education on cognitive performance, via levels of mindfulness, of 0.42 (95 % Bias-Corrected and Accelerated Confidence Interval [0.09 to 0.76]).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings suggested that levels of mindfulness mediate the relationship between years of education and cognitive performance among healthy older adults with low educational attainment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49762606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations among body mass index, handgrip strength, and cognitive impairment in older men and women in India","authors":"Manacy Pai ,&nbsp;T. Muhammad ,&nbsp;Adrita Bannerjee ,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Shobhit Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study examined the associations among body mass index (BMI), handgrip strength (HGS) and cognitive impairment among older adults in India. We also assessed whether these associations vary by gender.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used data from baseline wave of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (2017–18) with a sample of 31,464 adults age 60 and above. Cognitive impairment was assessed using different domains of cognition, including memory, orientation, arithmetic functioning, and visuospatial and constructional ability. We used multivariable logistic regression and interaction analyses to test the research hypotheses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Older women had 2.25 times the odds of cognitive impairment than older men [AOR: 2.25; CI: 2.01–2.53]. The odds of cognitive impairment were 1.36 times among underweight older adults [AOR: 1.36; CI: 1.23–1.50], 0.72 times among overweight [AOR: 0.72; CI: 0.62–0.83], and 0.66 times among obese older adults [AOR: 0.66; CI: 0.51–0.84] compared to peers with normal BMI. Underweight women had 3.14 times the odds of being cognitively impaired [AOR: 3.14; CI: 2.67–3.68] compared to older men with normal BMI. Further, older men who were underweight and had a weak HGS had higher odds of cognitive impairment than older men with a normal BMI and strong HGS. Conversely, older women who were overweight or obese and had strong HGS reported lower odds of cognitive impairment than older women with normal BMI and strong HGS.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>That the association between BMI and cognitive impairment differs between men and women and by HGS gives health care providers and practitioners additional information needed to identify groups of older adults most susceptible to cognitive impairment. In particular, gender specific policies and an assessment of HGS may be useful when crafting interventions to minimize the negative consequences of varying body types on later life cognitive function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49762605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advance care planning and outpatient visits among older adults across cognitive levels","authors":"Zahra Rahemi ,&nbsp;Juanita-Dawne R. Bacsu ,&nbsp;Justine S. Sefcik ,&nbsp;Maryam S. Sadafipoor ,&nbsp;George Demiris ,&nbsp;Swann Arp Adams","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Advance care planning (ACP) can help reduce end-of-life care challenges for persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia and their care partners. Building on our previous work, we examined the impact of ACP on outpatient/doctor visits in older adults with dementia/impaired cognition and normal cognition. Using datasets from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we conducted a cross-sectional study of 17,698 participants aged 51 years and older. Our analyses included survey descriptive and logistic regression procedures. Our findings indicated that having at least one ACP measure was significantly associated with a higher mean number of outpatient visits in both cognition groups. Based on our findings, we recommend considering healthcare access and use as an intervening variable in future ACP research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49726659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on mortality and excess mortality of midlife from 40 to 64 age groups","authors":"Yoshiyasu Takefuji","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the middle-aged population in the US. Leveraging the CDC dataset, this study quantifies the number of fatalities across various midlife age brackets, specifically 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, 55–59, and 60–64 for both males and females, spanning the years 2015 to 2020. A novel Python Package Index (PyPI) application, midlife was developed to compute and visualize these findings. The PyPI midlife application was also validated via Code Ocean for reproducibility of the application. The analysis revealed that males aged 55–59 and females aged 50–54 experienced the highest excess mortality due to COVID-19, likely due to a previously declining death trend in these groups. This research not only provides a method to visualize and calculate the impact of COVID-19 on midlife mortality by age and sex, but also highlights the potential economic repercussions of rising midlife mortality rates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49738102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resident satisfaction indicators in long term care settings in the United States: A scoping review","authors":"Xiaoli Li ,&nbsp;Elias Mpofu ,&nbsp;Sandra Collins ,&nbsp;Cheng Yin ,&nbsp;Thomas Shaw","doi":"10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to an increasingly aging population and long-term care available, the number of older adults seeking long-term care facilities is growing. Resident satisfaction indicators have become important measurements of service quality. However, few scoping reviews have investigated the evidence on prevalent resident satisfaction indicators and associated factors. The aim of the study is to summarize the evidence on the types of resident satisfaction indicators utilized in long term care settings in the United States. We searched the PubMed, PsycInfo, AgeLine, MEDLINE, Web of Science for articles that published on resident care satisfaction indicators in long-term care facilities. A total of thirty-three articles provided evidence about the determinants of resident satisfaction in different long-term care settings. The analysis yielded two groups of indicators of resident care satisfaction: multi-factor indicators spanning room, staff, food, care services, activities, laundry, autonomy, finances, overall rating, and those related to single factors of resident satisfaction, including facility factor, resident factors, service program factor, food service factor, and staff factor. Most nursing homes used multi-factor indicators for the benefit of comprehensiveness. Single factor indicators tend to be used in assisted living and other residential aged care communities for getting a clear picture of what specific changes need to be made in certain service area. Combinations of multiple factors and single factor can obtain both a comprehensive satisfaction and detailed information to guide change.</p><p>Study design</p><p>A cross sectional survey design</p><p>The results indicate that satisfaction with staff care has a moderate and positive effect on all other aspects of resident satisfaction. The relationships among satisfaction components are different for nursing home and hostel residents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72129,"journal":{"name":"Aging and health research","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49726676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}