Advances in ophthalmology practice and research最新文献

{"title":"Causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Zhaohao Huang ,&nbsp;Junjie Chen ,&nbsp;Lu Shi ,&nbsp;Jun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To explore the causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on publicly.</div><div>available genome-wide association studies were employed to infer the causal relationship. The effect estimates were calculated using the random-effects inverse-variance-weighted method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Genetically predicted smoking was positively associated with cataract [Odds ratio (OR) ​= ​1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): ​1.01−1.29; <em>P</em> ​= ​0.027], w−AMD [OR ​= ​1.41, 95%CI: ​1.06−1.88; <em>P</em> ​= ​0.019], diabetic retinopathy [OR ​= ​1.06, 95%CI: ​1.04−1.30; <em>P</em> ​= ​0.01], disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways [OR ​= ​1.46, 95% CI: ​1.00−2.14; <em>P</em> ​= ​0.049] in inverse variance weighted analysis. Suggestive evidence of an inverse association between smoking and myopia was also observed [OR=0.75, 95%CI: ​0.57−0.97; <em>P</em> ​= ​0.031]. No associations were observed for glaucoma, allergic conjunctivitis, pterygium, keratitis, scleritis and episcleritis. After performing weighted median and MR-Egger analysis, consistent results were observed. There was no horizontal pleiotropy in the two-sample MR analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Smoking may increase the risks of cataract, w−AMD, diabetic retinopathy, disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways. And smoking may decrease the risk of myopia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 220-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early postoperative changes in corneal densitometry after SMILE with 120-μm and 130-μm cap thickness: a comparative study","authors":"Shirou Wu ,&nbsp;Hongying Jin ,&nbsp;Ting Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare early postoperative changes in corneal densitometry after small incision lenticule extraction using 120-μm and 130-μm cap thicknesses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>69 eyes of 39 patients who underwent small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with cap thicknesses of 120-μm (n ​= ​34) and 130-μm (n ​= ​35) were included in this study. The corneal densitometry (CD) of three zones (0–2 ​mm, 2–6 ​mm, and 6–10 ​mm) of the anterior, central, and posterior corneal layers was evaluated before, one week, and one month after surgery. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical degree, cylinder degree, and spherical equivalent (SE) were also analyzed and compared between the two groups before and after surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Little difference was detected between the two groups in postoperative UCVA, BCVA, SE, and cylinder degree at one month. No statistically significant differences were found between the preoperative and postoperative CD values for the overall (0–12 ​mm) cornea and the 6–10 ​mm zone in either group. A significant increase in CD was observed in the 0–2 ​mm and 2–6 ​mm zones of the anterior layer in the 120-μm group, and the 0–2 ​mm zone of the central layer in the 130-μm group, one week postoperatively. These changes persisted for one month after surgery (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). The CD in the central layer (0–2 ​mm and 2–6 ​mm) in the 120-μm group, as well as the total layer (0–2 ​mm and 2–6 ​mm) in both groups, significantly increased at the first postoperative week but returned to preoperative levels by one month after surgery. Additionally, the CD of the anterior layer (0–2 ​mm and 2–6 ​mm) increased significantly in the first week postoperatively, decreased significantly one month postoperatively, but remained significantly higher than baseline in the 130-μm group. In both groups, the CD of the posterior 0–2 ​mm zone decreased. Moreover, the increase in CD in the anterior 2–6 ​mm zone one week postoperatively was significantly higher in the 120-μm group compared to the 130-μm group (ΔCD 2.4 ​± ​1.55 vs. 1.64 ​± ​0.87, <em>P</em> ​= ​0.014). Postoperative corneal wavefront aberrations were significantly higher in the 120-μm group than in the 130-μm group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CD increased mainly in the 0–6 ​mm zone of the anterior layer in the early phase after the SMILE procedure with both the 120-μm and 130-μm groups. The increase in CD in the anterior 2–6 ​mm zone one week postoperatively was higher in the 120-μm group than in the 130-μm group. SMILE with 120-μm and 130-μm cap thickness were both efficient and safe, but eyes with a 120-μm cap thickness showed higher postoperative corneal wavefront aberrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 196-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of binocular visual function among patients with different types of anisometropia","authors":"Li Tang ,&nbsp;Lei Li ,&nbsp;Chunmei Li ,&nbsp;Yulin Yu ,&nbsp;Nan Shu ,&nbsp;Li Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the perceived eye position, Titmus and stereopsis function across various types of anisometropia to identify differences in binocular visual function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included 204 anisometropic patients (observation group, interocular spherical equivalent difference ≥1.5D or cylindrical ≥1.0D) and 57 non-anisometropic controls (interocular differences &lt;1.5D spherical or &lt;1.0D cylindrical). Participants were initially stratified based on documented amblyopia history (94 with vs. 110 without), followed by further subgrouping of the observation group into hyperopic, myopic, and astigmatic anisometropia types for comparative analysis with controls. Standardized assessments comprised best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logMAR), cycloplegic refraction, Titmus near stereopsis (arcsec), binocular perceptual eye position (PEP) deviation, and three-order stereopsis thresholds measured via a computerized binocular vision assessment system. Statistical analysis adhered to CONSORT guidelines (SPSS v26.0, α ​= ​0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>(1) No significant differences were observed between patients with documented amblyopia history and those without regarding equivalent spherical lens difference, horizontal/vertical PEP, three-order stereopsis, or Titmus test results. (2) The control group demonstrated superior vertical PEP, three-order stereopsis, and Titmus performance compared to all anisometropia subgroups (myopic, hypermetropic, and astigmatic; <em>P</em> ​&lt;0.05), though horizontal PEP showed no significant variation (<em>P</em> ​&gt;0.05). (3) While Titmus results showed no difference between astigmatic and myopic anisometropia groups (<em>P</em> ​= ​0.72), significant differences existed among other groups (<em>P</em> &lt;0.05). Notably, the hyperopic anisometropia group exhibited the poorest normal rates for vertical PEP, Titmus, and three-order stereopsis among all groups (<em>P</em> ​&lt;0.001). Additionally, the astigmatism group outperformed both myopia and hypermetropia groups in 0-order and 1-order stereopsis (<em>P</em> ​&lt;0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study revealed no significant difference in visual function between anisometropic amblyopia patients who achieved normal BCVA (≤0.0 LogMAR) and non-amblyopic anisometropic controls. However, all forms of anisometropia demonstrated varying degrees of impairment to binocular fusion and stereopsis, with hypermetropic anisometropia showing the most pronounced deficits, particularly in near stereopsis. Notably, vertical PEP instability may contribute to the progression of hyperopic anisometropia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 182-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of popular large language models in glaucoma patient education: A randomized controlled study","authors":"Yuyu Cao ,&nbsp;Wei Lu ,&nbsp;Runhan Shi ,&nbsp;Fuying Liu ,&nbsp;Steven Liu ,&nbsp;Xinwei Xu ,&nbsp;Jin Yang ,&nbsp;Guangyu Rong ,&nbsp;Changchang Xin ,&nbsp;Xujiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Xinghuai Sun ,&nbsp;Jiaxu Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The advent of chatbots based on large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, has significantly transformed knowledge acquisition. However, the application of LLMs in glaucoma patient education remains elusive. In this study, we comprehensively compared the performance of four common LLMs – Qwen, Baichuan 2, ChatGPT-4.0, and PaLM 2 – in the context of glaucoma patient education.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Initially, senior ophthalmologists were asked with scoring responses generated by the LLMs, which were answers to the most frequent glaucoma-related questions posed by patients. The Chinese Readability Platform was employed to assess the recommended reading age and reading difficulty score of the four LLMs. Subsequently, optimized models were filtered, and 29 glaucoma patients participated in posing questions to the chatbots and scoring the answers within a real-world clinical setting. Attending ophthalmologists were also required to score the answers across five dimensions: correctness, completeness, readability, helpfulness, and safety. Patients, on the other hand, scored the answers based on three dimensions: satisfaction, readability, and helpfulness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the first stage, Baichuan 2 and ChatGPT-4.0 outperformed the other two models, though ChatGPT-4.0 had higher recommended reading age and reading difficulty scores. In the second stage, both Baichuan 2 and ChatGPT-4.0 demonstrated exceptional performance among patients and ophthalmologists, with no statistically significant differences observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our research identifies Baichuan 2 and ChatGPT-4.0 as prominent LLMs, offering viable options for glaucoma education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 88-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mild posterior capsule opacification on visual outcomes in trifocal diffractive pseudophakic eyes: A multicenter prospective study","authors":"Limei Zhang ,&nbsp;Runhan Shi ,&nbsp;Xuanzhu Chen ,&nbsp;Xuefen Gu ,&nbsp;Jiying Shen ,&nbsp;Aijun Wang ,&nbsp;Shuang Ni ,&nbsp;Lei Cai ,&nbsp;Haike Guo ,&nbsp;Jin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To elucidate the impact of mild PCO on the visual outcomes in patients with hydrophilic trifocal IOLs, and to identify objective indicators that can assist in determining the need for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a prospective observational study. 189 patients implanted trifocal IOL who underwent Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy were recruited. Patients were classified into four grades according to PCO morphology. The distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity (VA), dysfunction lens index (DLI), contrast sensitivity (CS) and visual function (VF-14) scores were measured before and 1 month after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Before Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, a significant correlation was observed between PCO grading and uncorrected distance (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA), near (UNVA) visual acuity, corrected distance VA (CDVA), DLI, and VF-14 scores (All <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001). However, in patients with PCO grade 1 (mild), post-capsulotomy UNVA, DLI, medium and high spatial frequency CS under photopic condition and VF-14 scores were significantly improved compared with pre-capsulotomy values (all <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for DLI was 0.830 (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001), with a corresponding cut-off value of 7.225, indicating its usefulness in assessing the need for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in cases of mild PCO.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Mild PCO initially impairs near visual acuity in patients with trifocal IOLs and concurrently diminishes both subjective and objective of visual quality. The DLI can serve as an auxiliary diagnostic indicator to assess whether patients with mild PCO may benefit from Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of COVID-19 on visual outcome and dry eye after SMILE","authors":"Zhi Fang ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Dejuan Song,&nbsp;Xiaoying He,&nbsp;Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Tiepei Zhu,&nbsp;Wei Han","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purposes</h3><div>To evaluate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on postoperative visual acuity, optical quality, and severity of dry eye disease in patients after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a retrospective, comparative study. Patients who underwent SMILE were included and divided into two groups according to the period at the eye center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. The first group included patients who underwent SMILE before the large-scale COVID-19 pandemic in China (Group 1). The second group comprised patients who underwent SMILE during the pandemic with a confirmed infection of COVID-19 (Group 2). The visual acuity, the severity of dry eye, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), oculus keratography analysis, and individual Zernike coefficients were evaluated and compared between the 2 groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 43 eyes of 23 patients and 45 eyes of 26 patients were included in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The OSDI score in Group 2 was significantly higher than Group 1 (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.01). The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA, logMAR) at 3 months postoperatively in Group 1 was better than in Group 2 (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001). Despite the improvement over 1 month after the COVID-19 infection, the OSDI score was still higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.01). The bulbar and limbal redness were significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 ​at both 1 month and 3 months (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05), while no significant differences were found in tear breakup time or tear meniscus height. Spherical aberration (SA) at the 4 ​mm zone was significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 both at 1 month and 3 months (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001), while no significant changes were observed in corneal total higher-order aberrations. No significant correlation was found between the bulbar/limbal redness index and SA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>COVID-19 infection impaired visual outcomes and aggravated dry eye severity among postoperative SMILE patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 149-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of tear film stability on corneal refractive power measurement and surgical planning for cataract","authors":"Yuanfeng Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiteng Chen ,&nbsp;Yichen Gao,&nbsp;Nan Gao,&nbsp;Huiyu Wang,&nbsp;Yanwen Feng,&nbsp;Meisa Li,&nbsp;Luning Qin,&nbsp;Fei Li,&nbsp;Shaozhen Zhao,&nbsp;Shaochong Bu,&nbsp;Fang Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the influence of tear film stability on corneal refractive power measurement and surgical planning in cataract patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were divided into tear film instability (tear film stability level 2) and control (level 0–1) groups based on Keratograph 5M results. Using IOL Master 700, two consecutive measurements were obtained with a 10-min interval. Parameters including standard keratometry (Kf, Ks and K), keratometric corneal astigmatism (KCA), total keratometry (TKf, TKs and TK) and total corneal astigmatism (TCA) were recorded. IOL power was calculated using SRK-T, SRK-T TK, Haigis, Haigis TK, Barrett Universal II, and Barrett Universal II TK formulas.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed significantly higher differences between two measurements in Kf, K, KCA, TKf, TK, and TCA, as well as the vector variability of corneal astigmatism in the tear film instability group (all <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). Of all formulas, only the SRK-T formula displayed significantly higher variability in IOL power calculations in the tear film instability group compared to the control group (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights that tear film instability can lead to deviations in corneal refractive power and astigmatism measurements, contributing to increased prediction errors in IOL power calculation, particularly with the SRK-T formula.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 100-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burden of refraction disorders in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021: A systematic analysis from the global burden of disease 2021","authors":"Yunhan Shen ,&nbsp;Linyan Wang ,&nbsp;Yuxin Cui ,&nbsp;Bangxun Mao ,&nbsp;Grace Loy Ming Hooi ,&nbsp;Oluwatobi Idowu ,&nbsp;Juan Ye ,&nbsp;Tiansheng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Refraction disorders are common eye conditions that cause blurred vision and, if left uncorrected, remain a leading cause of moderate to severe visual impairment worldwide. Despite this, a comprehensive assessment of the associated burden is lacking. This study aims to describe and predict the burden and regional distribution of refraction disorders using data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 on refraction disorders from 1990 to 2021. We analyzed the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of refraction disorders and calculated the corresponding average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in different gender and age groups across 204 countries and territories and 21 geographical regions. We employed the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model to predict the future burden of refraction disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of refraction disorders decreased from 2053.56 (per 100000, 95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 1835.31 to 2275.80) to 1919.66 (per 100000, 95%UI: 1715.24 to 2135.28), with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of −0.21% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: −0.23% to −0.19%). The age-standardized DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) rate also declined from 88.04 (per 100000, 95%UI: 62.19 to 125.15) to 79.11 (per 100000, 95%UI: 54.94 to 114.14) with an AAPC of −0.33% (95%CI: −0.36% to −0.31%). Refraction disorders remain a significant burden in regions with lower Socio-demographic Index (SDI), particularly in parts of South Asia and Western Sub-Saharan Africa. Older individuals and females are disproportionately affected. The age-standardized DALY rate is expected to decline steadily before stabilising at approximately 77.94 per 100000 by 2030.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>From 1990 to 2021, the disease burden of refraction disorders showed a declining trend, but the decrease was not substantial. In some low-middle SDI regions, the burden remains high. Moreover, globally, women bear a higher burden than men. This study provides important information for the treatment and prevention of refraction disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 79-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the accuracy of advanced language learning models in ophthalmology: A comparative study of ChatGPT-4o and Meta AI's Llama 3.1","authors":"Trevor Lin ,&nbsp;Ryan T. Lin ,&nbsp;Rahul Mhaskar ,&nbsp;Curtis E. Margo","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 95-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a specific vitamin supplement containing L-methylfolate (Ocufolin forte) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration","authors":"Tatjana Josifova ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Konieczka ,&nbsp;Andreas Schötzau ,&nbsp;Josef Flammer","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with nAMD often have pathologically elevated homocysteine (Hcy) and increased retinal venous pressure (RVP). We tested whether the administration of a specific vitamin preparation containing L-methylfolate (Ocufolin forte) as an addition to anti-VEGF therapy reduces these two risk factors and favorably influences the disease course.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 27 eyes/27 patients with intra- and subretinal fluid, Hcy above 12 ​μmol/L, RVP of at least 8 ​mm above the IOP, and an IOP between 10 and 20 ​mmHg were included in this study. All eyes received three injections of 0.05 ​ml aflibercept at one-month intervals as clinically indicated. Fifteen patients additionally received one capsule of Ocufolin forte per day (Ocufolin group, OG), and the other twelve patients served as a control group (control group, CG). The following factors were measured before therapy and four months later: blood Hcy, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intra-ocular pressure (IOP), RVP, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and optical coherence tomography - angiography (OCTA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hcy decreased on average by 5.58 ​μmol/L in the OG and by 0.57 ​μmol/L in the CG. The RVP decreased on average by 4.60 ​mmHg in the OG and by 0.75 ​mmHg in the CG. The difference between the two groups was significant for both parameters (<em>P</em> ​&lt;0.001); 66% of the OG and 41% of the CG had no retinal fluid at the end of the study. After the completion of the study, the injection intervals could be extended more often in the OG patients than in the CG patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>When Ocufolin forte was added to the standard therapy, RVP and Hcy were reduced to a significantly greater extent than without Ocufolin forte. In addition, Ocufolin had a positive influence on morphology and future treatment intervals with anti-VEGF therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 135-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}