Advances in ophthalmology practice and research最新文献

{"title":"Functional characterization of LSM12 as a driver in uveal melanoma oncogenesis","authors":"Junjie Tang ,&nbsp;Fengyu Sun ,&nbsp;Yi Ren ,&nbsp;Liling Chen ,&nbsp;Yang Gao ,&nbsp;Jinmiao Li ,&nbsp;Yaoming Liu ,&nbsp;Chao Cheng ,&nbsp;Ping Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuxia Chen ,&nbsp;Siming Ai ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Mao ,&nbsp;Shicai Su ,&nbsp;Rong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the role of LSM12 in uveal melanoma (UM) oncogenesis and progression, examining its potential as both a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>LSM12 expression was analyzed in relation to RNA modification genes and tumor stemness in UM. UM cell lines were subjected to LSM12 knockdown using siRNA, followed by cell viability and migration assays. The therapeutic potential of targeting LSM12 was evaluated using a subcutaneous xenograft model. Additionally, the relationship between LSM12 and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was explored.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LSM12 expression levels were significantly elevated in UM patients, correlating strongly with poor prognosis. Positive correlations were observed between LSM12 expression and multiple genes associated with RNA methylation modifications and cancer stem cell characteristics. Knockdown of LSM12 effectively disrupted UM cell viability and migration in vitro and inhibited OCM1 xenograft growth in vivo. Additionally, LSM12 knockdown resulted in notable inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway both in vitro and in vivo.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Elevated LSM12 expression correlates with poor prognosis in UM and critically promotes oncogenic processes, including tumor cell viability, migration, and tumorigenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 268-277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five novel pathogenic FZD4 variants identified in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy","authors":"You Wang ,&nbsp;Qiong Wang ,&nbsp;Limei Chen ,&nbsp;Tao Cai ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a genetically heterogeneous retinal vascular disorder, with nearly half of the cases attributed to mutations in genes involved in the Norrin/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study aimed to identify and functionally characterize novel <em>FZD4</em> variants in patients with FEVR.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Genetic sequencing of <em>FZD4</em> was performed in a cohort of FEVR families, leading to the identification of five novel variants: c.434G ​&gt; ​A, c.610T ​&gt; ​G, c.844T ​&gt; ​C, c.277C ​&gt; ​T, and c.1155delC. Bioinformatic predictions, comprehensive clinical evaluations, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were conducted to assess the functional impact and pathogenicity of these variants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All five <em>FZD4</em> variants were found to significantly reduce β-catenin signaling activity compared to wild-type <em>FZD4</em>. Among them, two variants previously classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS) demonstrated functional impairment and clinical segregation consistent with pathogenicity, supporting their reclassification as disease-causing mutations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings expand the known mutational spectrum of <em>FZD4</em> in FEVR and highlight the critical role of functional validation in the interpretation of novel and uncertain variants. Incorporating experimental assays can improve diagnostic accuracy and inform clinical genetic counseling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 259-267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOC","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2667-3762(25)00039-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2667-3762(25)00039-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages iii-iv"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DeepSeek-R1 outperforms Gemini 2.0 Pro, OpenAI o1, and o3-mini in bilingual complex ophthalmology reasoning","authors":"Pusheng Xu ,&nbsp;Yue Wu ,&nbsp;Kai Jin ,&nbsp;Xiaolan Chen ,&nbsp;Mingguang He ,&nbsp;Danli Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the accuracy and reasoning ability of DeepSeek-R1 and three recently released large language models (LLMs) in bilingual complex ophthalmology cases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 130 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to diagnosis (n ​= ​39) and management (n ​= ​91) were collected from the Chinese ophthalmology senior professional title examination and categorized into six topics. These MCQs were translated into English. Responses from DeepSeek-R1, Gemini 2.0 Pro, OpenAI o1 and o3-mini were generated under default configurations between February 15 and February 20, 2025. Accuracy was calculated as the proportion of correctly answered questions, with omissions and extra answers considered incorrect. Reasoning ability was evaluated through analyzing reasoning logic and the causes of reasoning errors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DeepSeek-R1 demonstrated the highest overall accuracy, achieving 0.862 in Chinese MCQs and 0.808 in English MCQs. Gemini 2.0 Pro, OpenAI o1, and OpenAI o3-mini attained accuracies of 0.715, 0.685, and 0.692 in Chinese MCQs (all <em>P</em> ​&lt;0.001 compared with DeepSeek-R1), and 0.746 (<em>P</em> ​= ​0.115), 0.723 (<em>P</em> ​= ​0.027), and 0.577 (<em>P</em> ​&lt;0.001) in English MCQs, respectively. DeepSeek-R1 achieved the highest accuracy across five topics in both Chinese and English MCQs. It also excelled in management questions conducted in Chinese (all <em>P</em> ​&lt;0.05). Reasoning ability analysis showed that the four LLMs shared similar reasoning logic. Ignoring key positive history, ignoring key positive signs, misinterpretation of medical data, and overuse of non–first-line interventions were the most common causes of reasoning errors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DeepSeek-R1 demonstrated superior performance in bilingual complex ophthalmology reasoning tasks than three state-of-the-art LLMs. These findings highlight the potential of advanced LLMs to assist in clinical decision-making and suggest a framework for evaluating reasoning capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 189-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing benzodiazepine-ketamine and benzodiazepine-fentanyl sedation in phacoemulsification: A double-blind crossover non-inferiority clinical trial (BEKEF study)","authors":"Adriano Cypriano Faneli ,&nbsp;Ricardo Danilo Chagas Oliveira ,&nbsp;Pablo Amado ,&nbsp;Eduardo F. Marback ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Amaral Torres ,&nbsp;Juliana Fernandes Marback ,&nbsp;Larrie Laporte ,&nbsp;Caio Vinicius Saito Regatieri ,&nbsp;Cristina Muccioli","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Topical anesthesia for cataract surgery often requires adjunctive sedation to manage intraoperative discomfort and improve patient cooperation. Ketamine and fentanyl, combined with benzodiazepines, are commonly used sedation regimens, but their comparative safety and efficacy in the cataract surgery context remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate whether ketamine combined with midazolam is non-inferior to fentanyl combined with midazolam for sedation during phacoemulsification, with a non-inferiority margin of 10%.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective, double-blind, crossover, non-inferiority trial randomized 75 patients to receive both sedation regimens for bilateral phacoemulsification. A 15-day washout period was implemented between surgeries. Adequate sedation was defined as a Ramsay Sedation Scale score of 2–3. The primary outcome was sedation adequacy, with secondary outcomes including patient and surgeon satisfaction, surgical metrics, and complications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 75 randomized patients, 65 (130 eyes) completed the study. Adequate sedation was achieved in 86.2% of cases with ketamine and 89.2% with fentanyl, with a within-participant difference of 3.1% (95% CI: −2.3%–5.3%), confirming non-inferiority. Patient satisfaction scores were similarly high between regimens (ketamine: 4.87 ​± ​0.36; fentanyl: 4.91 ​± ​0.28; <em>P</em> ​= ​0.45). Complications were infrequent, with two cases of nausea and two of bradycardia in the fentanyl group and one case of nausea and two of hypertension in the ketamine group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ketamine combined with midazolam is a safe and effective alternative to fentanyl-based sedation for cataract surgery, providing comparable sedation quality and satisfaction. These findings support ketamine's use in cataract surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 175-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress of in vivo measurement methods of myopia sclera biomechanics","authors":"Xin Shi ,&nbsp;Hao Gu ,&nbsp;Hao Jiang ,&nbsp;Su Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhixuan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The study of the development mechanism of myopia involves many aspects, of which the remodeling and biomechanical changes of the sclera are currently recognized as some of the more important mechanisms. In recent years, new progress has been made in in vivo and ex vivo measurement methods to characterize scleral biomechanics. However, because ex vivo measurement methods cannot be used on the in vivo eyeball, there is still a lack of a reliable in vivo scleral biomechanical measurement method to assess the trend of myopia progression in clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Main text</h3><div>In this paper, the research progress of existing in vivo measurement methods of scleral biomechanics in myopia is reviewed, and the advantages and limitations of these methods are discussed. The purpose is to comprehensively introduce the current development status of in vivo measurement methods of scleral biomechanics, look forward to their clinical application and development, and to explore new directions and ideas for the application of scleral biomechanics in the prevention and control of myopia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The review shows that the most urgent problem is to further prove and verify that the biomechanical properties of the sclera can be measured with sufficient sensitivity and accuracy in vivo. Its safety and feasibility in clinical application also need to be considered. Future studies should investigate the multi-level and multi-scale biomechanical properties of the myopic sclera, and develop non-contact and non-invasive in vivo measurement techniques to provide more methods for myopia prevention and control and early screening of myopia in adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 205-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut-eye axis","authors":"Weixin Zheng ,&nbsp;Mingzhi Su ,&nbsp;Ningxi Hong ,&nbsp;Panpan Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The gut microbiome, colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract, is increasingly recognized for its symbiotic relationship with the immune system in maintaining overall host health. This emerging understanding raises intriguing questions about potential connections between the gut microbiome and anatomically distant organs, such as the eye, possibly mediated through immune pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Main text</h3><div>This review synthesizes contemporary research on ocular diseases with the framework of the burgeoning \"gut-eye axis\" concept. Investigations spanning from the ocular surface to the fundus suggest correlations between the gut microbiome and various ocular disorders. By elucidating the putative pathogenic mechanisms underlying these ocular conditions, we offer novel perspectives to inform future diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in ophthalmology.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>By presenting a critical analysis of current knowledge regarding the role of gastrointestinal microbiota in ocular health, this review shed light on the complex interplay between gut dysbiosis and eye disorders. Our work endeavors to catalyze interdisciplinary research and foster innovative clinical applications, thereby bridging the gap between the gut microbiota and the ocular well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of image-guided accurate limbal relaxing incisions for astigmatism correction during cataract surgery","authors":"Xiaoxin Hu ,&nbsp;Jiao Qi ,&nbsp;Kaiwen Cheng ,&nbsp;Wenwen He ,&nbsp;Yu Du ,&nbsp;Keke Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Xiangjia Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate the efficacy of image-guided accurate limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs) for astigmatism correction during cataract surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Consecutive cataract patients with regular corneal astigmatism ranging from 0.75 to 2.50 D, intended for cataract surgery with image-guided LRIs, were recruited in this prospective cohort study. The efficacy of astigmatism correction was evaluated 3 months after surgery, and compared among eyes with preoperative corneal with-the-rule (WTR), against-the-rule (ATR) and oblique astigmatism. Higher-order aberrations and visual quality indices obtained with iTrace were further compared between eyes with single and paired LRIs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Totally, 108 eyes of 108 patients were analyzed. The mean total surgical induced astigmatism (tSIA) vector of all participants was 0.76 ​± ​0.38 D (range: 0.11–1.79 D, preoperative vs. postoperative astigmatism: 1.46 ​± ​0.41 vs. 0.78 ​± ​0.44 D, <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001). Eyes with WTR astigmatism showed higher tSIA (0.89 ​± ​0.32 D vs. 0.42 ​± ​0.21 D vs. 0.48 ​± ​0.36 D, respectively, <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001), as well as higher correction index and lower difference vector and index of success than ATR and oblique astigmatism groups (all <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). Eyes with paired LRIs exhibited better corneal average height of modulation transfer function, a better corneal performance index and a better quality of vision index than those with single LRI (all <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Image-guided LRIs can effectively correct low-to-moderate corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery, especially in eyes with WTR astigmatism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 212-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From stress to sight: The role of mechanical forces in the retinal diseases","authors":"Di Wu ,&nbsp;Ye Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaogang Luo ,&nbsp;Chengshou Zhang ,&nbsp;Yifei Zheng ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Meng ,&nbsp;Mei Yang ,&nbsp;Hemlata Bisnauthsing ,&nbsp;Ping Rao ,&nbsp;Baohua Ji ,&nbsp;Wai Kit Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The retina, a light-sensitive neural tissue critical for vision, exists in a dynamic mechanical environment where it is continuously exposed to mechanical forces. These forces, including traction forces, intraocular pressure-related stress, and hemodynamic forces, are closely linked to the progression of retinal diseases. A comprehensive understanding of retinal mechanosensation and mechanotransduction is essential for understanding the pathological mechanisms under aberrant mechanical conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Main Text</h3><div>This review synthesizes current knowledge on advanced biomechanical assessment techniques, and aging-associated biomechanical alterations in retinal tissues, emphasizing how mechanical forces drive structural and functional pathology.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>By elucidating the mechanosensitive mechanisms remodeling retinal cell behavior and fate, this review highlights the critical role of biomechanics in retinal disease pathogenesis. The integration of mechanistic insights with biomechanical assessment techniques offers transformative potential for diagnosing mechanical dysfunction and developing mechanotargeted therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 157-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of artificial intelligence tools in generating diabetic retinopathy guidelines","authors":"Fan Cao,&nbsp;Shengping Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 180-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}