Advances in biomarker sciences and technology最新文献

{"title":"Unraveling ankylosing spondylitis: Exploring the genetic and immunological factors and latest treatment innovations","authors":"Nilasree Hazra ,&nbsp;Sudeshna Sengupta ,&nbsp;Dipannita Burman ,&nbsp;Jyoti Sekhar Banerjee ,&nbsp;Malavika Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1016/j.abst.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abst.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints. Gut microbiota significantly affects ankylosing spondylitis (AS) pathophysiology. Environmental factors, like smoking, and genetic predispositions can worsen AS. Patients often have altered fecal microbiota, decreased Bacteroides and Lachnospiraceae, and increased Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. <em>Bacteroides coprophilus</em> and <em>Prevotella copri</em> are particularly enriched in AS. This condition is associated with the HLA-B27 genetic marker and involves various immunological cells and inflammatory cytokines. To develop more effective treatments, research is ongoing to identify specific signaling pathways and genetic markers associated with AS.Gender prevalence of AS is now more evenly distributed, with women experiencing longer diagnostic delays and increased disease activity. Treatment regimens and responses to medication may vary between genders. Some case studies suggest that an Ayurvedic approach, including Panchakarma treatments and specific Ayurvedic medications, may be beneficial in managing AS. HLA-B27 and non-HLA genes such as IL23R, ERAP1, and RUNX3 are linked to AS susceptibility. The Th17 lymphocyte system, associated with IL23R, plays a role in AS pathogenesis, highlighting potential treatment targets. Over 100 genes related to AS were identified in genome-wide association studies, many connected to IL-23-driven inflammation and antigen processing. AS is regulated by various immunological cells, and changes in bone structure are caused by the interaction of immune cells with bone cells. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) involves inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β IL-17 and IL-23. The immune system plays a crucial role in the disease, with certain proteins linked to AS risk. However, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of this approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72080,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biomarker sciences and technology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“MiRNA based target identification of TNFα gene in nephrotic syndrome”","authors":"Praveenkumar Kochuthakidiyel Suresh ,&nbsp;Yogalakshmi Venkatachalapathy ,&nbsp;Sarenya Anandaraj ,&nbsp;Nandita Ganesh ,&nbsp;Dharshini Sanker ,&nbsp;Mohana Priya C.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.abst.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abst.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nephrotic syndrome (NS) can be caused by various underlying kidney conditions. In most cases, the exact cause of NS is unknown, although it may be related to the body's immune system malfunctioning. Recent studies suggested that <em>TNFα</em> gene contributes significantly to the progression of nephrotic syndrome patients. This study investigates the role of <em>TNFα</em> gene in nephrotic syndrome by studying gene interactions, co-expressions and network biological approaches to predict the miRNA associated with <em>TNFα</em> gene as a biomarker in nephrotic syndrome patients. We conduct a detailed study and identify the <em>TNFα</em> associated genes involved in nephrotic syndrome using Genecard, NCBI GEO, Enrichr and String database. Based on the co-expression and network-based studies we identified a list of gene along with <em>TNFα</em> gene and predict the miRNA pattern associated with each gene. Hub miRNA is predicted as a biomarker for NS. We predict a panel of Mirna by network-based approach, hsa-miR-130a-3p,hsa-miR-130b-3p,hsa-miR-181a-2-3p,hsa-miR-301a-3p,miR-301b-3p,hsa-miR-3666,hsa-miR-4295,hsa-miR-4310,hsa-miR-6835–5p,hsa-miR-7157–5p.There is a growing body of evidence suggesting the utility of miRNAs as biomarkers for nephrotic syndrome (NS). The enrichment and co expression analysis suggest involved in the progression of various cancers especially <em>BRACA1 AND BRACA2</em>. MiRNA-based target prediction is an emerging tool to forecast progressive markers for identifying steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) patients and evaluating the efficacy of drugs used in treatment. Based on our analysis, cancer associated genes and miRNAs expressed more. Nevertheless, further analysis is imperative to uncover unknown factors causing NS and its association with cancer progression and development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72080,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biomarker sciences and technology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 76-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations of solid waste biosorbents for eliminations of total hardness from water: An experimental study of conversion of waste into valuable products","authors":"Subhashish Dey ,&nbsp;G.T.N. Veerendra ,&nbsp;A.V. Phani Manoj ,&nbsp;Seelam Srikanth ,&nbsp;V.V Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.abst.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abst.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hard water is a serious problem in the village areas. Alkaline hardness can cause eye pain, respiratory tract collapse, liver difficulties, and skin concerns. Human biological hardness after the extreme exposures depends on their concentration, time, and volume absorbed. Biosorption, which occurs mostly in biomass, inertly adds and binds Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions to its biosorbents cellular structure. The biosorbents' cellular exterior composition and kinetic stability confirm their Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ removal capacity. The unique biological, physical, and chemical properties of each biosorbents made water hardness removal easier. The project aims to build a perfect technique to remove hardness from waste water using powerful solid waste biosorbents as pomegranate, orange, beetroot, lemon, and banana peels. Beetroot peel bio-adsorbent is one of the best biosorbents for water hardness removals from water as compared to other biosorbents in this study. After the screening processes do the optimization test on the Beetroot peel bio-adsorbent to get the optimum pH is 7.5–8, temperature is 35°C, time is 105 min, rotation speed is 120 rpm and biosorbents dosage concentration is 5.6 gm were studied. In the characterization part observed that the particle size vary from 1.28 to 8.74 μm, crystallite size vary from 2.56nm to 7.34 nm, surface areas and pore volume also vary from 24.14 to 54.68 m²/gm and 0.134–0.427cm³/gm respectively. In the SEM-EDX analysis observed that the presence of C, Si, O, K, Al, Fe and Mg elements in the biosorbents and the FTIR analysis observed that the presence of O-H stretch and H-bonded group, alkanes with C-H extend and alkynes with –C=C- extend. In the kinetics analysis observed that the R² values of 0.965 of the beetroot peels biosorbents. After the kinetics study we are also collecting the water sample from four different locations i.e. Mallavolu, Gudivada, Gudlavalleru, and Machilipatnam and it is observed that the 70–84.39 % removals of hardness from water by the using of Beetroot peels biosorbents. In the adsorption and desorption cycle observed that the maximum desorption was observed at (94.56 %) could be achieved with the same strength of nitric acid as eluant. The sorption of Ca and Mg ions on regenerated biosorbents remained constant up to three cycles (97.38 %) and then started decreasing (to 82.36 %) in the 4th cycle. After removing the hardness from water, recycling biosorbents makes the biosorption process is cheaper. Biosorption with various bioreactors can remove the hardness from large volumes of water. This trial will lay the groundwork for water hardness eradication. Optimizing settings at various conditions and using contemporary equipment might increase the removal efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72080,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biomarker sciences and technology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 138-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as alternative salivary biomarkers in infection and inflammatory diseases detection and patient care: A scoping review","authors":"Francesco Carlo Tartaglia ,&nbsp;Shahnawaz Khijmatgar ,&nbsp;Massimo Del Fabbro ,&nbsp;Cinzia Maspero ,&nbsp;Alberto Caprioglio ,&nbsp;Francesco Amati ,&nbsp;Davide Sozzi","doi":"10.1016/j.abst.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abst.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In ambulatory and hospital settings, inflammatory diseases stand a significant challenge for both patients and clinicians. These conditions, often serve as precursors to sepsis, necessitate effective differentiation between bacterial and viral respiratory diagnoses. Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) have played crucial roles in this differentiation process, aiding in risk stratification and guiding decisions on antibiotic therapy initiation and duration. While blood has been a conventional medium for detecting these biomarkers, there is a lack of evidence regarding their detection in saliva. Hence, our scoping review was aimed to assess the potential of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in saliva as alternative biomarkers for identifying and monitoring infectious and inflammatory diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews was followed. Elec-tronic databases including PUBMED, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane database, and OVID Medline were systematically searched using specific terms combined with boolean operators. Studies evaluating both salivary and blood levels of PCT, CRP, or both and reporting on correlation in biomarkers level between the two body fluids were included. No limitations regarding study design, publication year and language were applied. Data extraction utilized a piloted template, and descriptive statistics was employed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The studies included in the review involved a range of conditions from respiratory infections and systemic diseases to metabolic and cardiac conditions. Significant correlations between salivary and serum PCT and CRP levels were reported across multiple studies. While most studies reported positive correlations, indicating saliva's potential to reflect systemic inflammatory states, the degree of correlation varied, and a few studies found no significant correlation, highlighting the need for further research.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The review emphasized the promising role of salivary diagnostics to identify systemic inflammatory states, which could prove pivotal in detecting and managing various health conditions. The importance of standardizing saliva collection and biomarker detection methods to enhance non-invasive, patient-centered healthcare approaches is un derscored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72080,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biomarker sciences and technology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 111-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-driven discovery of anoikis-related biomarkers in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma subtypes","authors":"Mohadeseh Zarei Ghobadi,&nbsp;Elaheh Afsaneh","doi":"10.1016/j.abst.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abst.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) is a malignancy that arises from T-cells infected with the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The disease is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and reduced apoptosis of malignant T cells, which contributes to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Anoikis is a specific form of programmed cell death triggered by the loss of cell–matrix or cell–cell adhesion, playing a critical role in preventing detached cells from surviving and forming tumors. Dysregulation of anoikis has been implicated in cancer metastasis and therapeutic resistance across various malignancies; however, its role in ATLL remains largely unexplored. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate anoikis-related genes in ATLL subtypes, particularly across its major subtypes: acute, chronic, and smoldering. In this study, we explored anoikis-related differentially expressed genes to identify those specifically associated with each subtype. We then applied Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression to select the most informative features. Subsequently, we employed decision trees, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, support vector machine, and logistic regression algorithms to identify classifier genes distinguishing each ATLL subtype from asymptomatic carriers. The identified biomarkers include <em>SMARCE1</em> and <em>CASP3</em> for acute, <em>TGFΒ1</em> and <em>MTA1</em> for chronic, and <em>CXCL1</em> and <em>LGALS8</em> for smoldering subtypes. These genes are involved in cell adhesion, survival signaling, and apoptosis—key processes in cellular homeostasis and oncogenesis. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms linking anoikis to ATLL subtypes and highlight potential therapeutic targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72080,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biomarker sciences and technology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 180-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faecal microbial transplant","authors":"Onifade Isreal Ayobami, Oluwatomiwa Jubilee Sunbare-Funto, Chinedu Endurance Mbah, O. Ajibade, O. Oyawoye, A. Aborode, S. C. Ogunleye, A. Jamiu, Basit Bolarinwa, Mosope F. Abanikannda, Zainab Tiamiyu, A. R. Idowu, O. Ige, Opara Julia Kelechi, Jeremiah I. Abok, Eniola A. Lawal, Ibude Jane Aruorivwooghene, Adekunle Fatai Adeoye, Olowo Roqeebah, Emmanuel Akinloye Ojewole, R. Adesola","doi":"10.1016/j.abst.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abst.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72080,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biomarker sciences and technology","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139817822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miRNA99a as a Potential target in P13K/Akt1/mTOR signaling pathway in progression of OSCC","authors":"Shazia Fathima J H ,&nbsp;Selvaraj Jayaram ,&nbsp;Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan ,&nbsp;Mohmed Isaqali Karobar","doi":"10.1016/j.abst.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abst.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Oral cancer presents a significant global health challenge, driving ongoing research to enhance diagnostics and treatments. MicroRNAs, particularly miRNA99a, have emerged as key players in oral cancer's initiation, progression, and advanced development. However, their precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We analyze miRNA99a in modulating the PI3K/Akt1/mTOR signaling pathway within oral squamous cell carcinoma through in silico data analysis. Additionally, we examined miRNA99a levels in both oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A comprehensive approach utilizing various insilico tools identified potential target genes regulated by miRNA99a and examined their interactions within the PI3K/Akt1/mTOR signaling pathway. The study involved meticulous screening, functional enrichment analyses, and network analyses to understand the regulatory networks influenced by miRNA99a. Additionally, RT-PCR was used to measure the CT levels of miR-99a in OSMF, OSCC and NM samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis revealed a cohort of putative target genes regulated by miRNA99a, demonstrating their involvement in crucial cellular processes linked to OSCC progression. Functional enrichment analyses highlighted the significant association of these target genes with the PI3K/Akt1/mTOR pathway, indicating their potential impact on pivotal oncogenic signaling pathways. Network analyses revealed complex regulatory networks orchestrated by miRNA99a, its action within the PI3K/Akt1/mTOR signalling pathway and influencing OSCC development. RT-PCR analysis revealed a significant downregulation of miR-99a in OSCC and OSMF samples compared to NM, with mean CT values of 39.0940 and 38.3986 respectively, versus 33.7540 in NM (p = 0.000).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>miRNA99a′s potential as a crucial regulator of the PI3K/Akt1/mTOR pathway in OSCC. The identified target genes and their interactions offer a foundation for further experimental validations, presenting opportunities for discovering novel therapeutic avenues or prognostic markers in managing OSCC. Integrating multi-omics data reinforces the significance of miRNA99a-mediated regulatory mechanisms in the intricate landscape of oral cancer biology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72080,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biomarker sciences and technology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 242-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammation-induced cellular changes: Genetic mutations, oncogene impact, and novel glycoprotein biomarkers","authors":"Xiaotong Wang ,&nbsp;Yunqiu Shen ,&nbsp;Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Shuang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.abst.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abst.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Persistent inflammation can trigger the development of colorectal cancer, especially in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The precise molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. This study investigated the molecular modifications that occur in the cellular microenvironment during inflammation-induced and colitis-associated cancers. Studies showed that genetic mutations and post-translational modifications of oncogene proteins can alter the biological functions of macrophage inflammatory proteins, complicating the intricate interactions between inflammation and cancer. The researchers also observed abnormal glycosylation patterns in cases of inflammation and colitis-associated cancers. This observation suggests that glycoproteins present in bodily fluids could potentially serve as valuable disease markers. Additionally, the researchers investigated general signaling alterations that manifest in cases of colitis-associated cancer. They proposed a provisional molecular model that suggests the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress during the transition from inflammation to cancer. This potential pathway is mediated through the FKBP/c-Myc/p53 signaling axis. In the context of protein glycosylation, we summarize the potential molecular mechanisms of IBD-induced carcinogenesis. This knowledge could potentially lead to the development of novel targets for the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72080,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biomarker sciences and technology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 91-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2543106424000097/pdfft?md5=718031484392d22ce87e2421b57cf8f9&pid=1-s2.0-S2543106424000097-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix metalloproteinase 7 as a diagnostic biomarker of biliary atresia: A systematic review","authors":"Pauline Louise Møllmann Lausten ,&nbsp;Vibeke Brix Christensen ,&nbsp;Hannelouise Kissow","doi":"10.1016/j.abst.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abst.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Biliary atresia (BA) is a disease of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts with an unknown etiology. It presents in neonates with jaundice, clay-colored stool, and often hepatomegaly. Early diagnosis of the disease is pivotal for long-term prognosis. If the BA is left untreated, progressive liver cirrhosis and death can occur. Persisting jaundice in infants born at term should lead to further examination of liver diseases. A range of laboratory analyses is used, but none is specific for BA. In this review, we investigate whether the level of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) in serum can be used as an early diagnostic biomarker for BA.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A systematic literature search of the PubMed database revealed the two terms “matrix metalloproteinase 7” and “biliary atresia”. A total of 24 articles were identified; these articles were screened, and eight articles were found to be relevant for this literature review, each describing an independent study.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In all eight articles, the diagnostic cut-off values for serum MMP-7 in BA patients vs. non-BA patients were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and by determining the area under the curve (AUC). The AUC ranged from 0.96 to 0.99. All studies had a sensitivity of 95 % or above and a specificity of 83 % or above. The cut-off values were discordant and ranged from 1.43 ng/ml to 52.85 ng/ml. The calculated positive likelihood ratio (PLR) varied from 5.66 to 21.86, and the negative likelihood ratio (NLR) varied from 0.01 to 0.05 among the eight studies. Finally, the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) varied from 168.64 to 1406.00 in seven out of the eight studies.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The serum MMP-7 concentration can be used as a diagnostic biomarker according to the eight studies investigated in this review. However, further assessments of MMP-7 in larger, multicenter, and multiethnic studies are needed to validate its potential for biomarker development and, ultimately, its standard use in clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72080,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biomarker sciences and technology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 72-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2543106424000061/pdfft?md5=af95e4928e71a8f2814b306292f1fb85&pid=1-s2.0-S2543106424000061-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140771555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and applications of different types of green biosorbents for eliminations of hardness from water: A review on treatment, kinetics mechanism and future scope","authors":"Subhashish Dey,&nbsp;G.T.N. Veerendra,&nbsp;A.V. Phani Manoj,&nbsp;Siva Shanmukha Anjaneya Babu Padavala,&nbsp;A.H.L. Swaroop","doi":"10.1016/j.abst.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abst.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of toxic materials in water solutions, mainly harmful metals and metalloids, is a significant ecological and community issue. In village areas, hardness is major groundwater toxicity. Hardness, those are alkaline in nature, can reason problems to the eyes, respiratory tract failure, and epidermis in both its liquid and gaseous types. The natural parts of hardness in humans subsequent to severe exposures are concentrations-dependent and changes depending on the duration, times of effects, and quantity absorbed by the body. Biosorption is a physiochemical processes that happens mainly in the certain biomass, following it to inactively collect and attach impurities onto its cellular configuration. It is a metabolically inactive procedure that does not need energy. The composition and kinetic equilibrium of the sorbent's cellular surface determine the number of contaminants that the sorbent can eliminate. The biosorption procedures were facilitate by the single physical, biological and chemical characteristics of each biosorbents those applied the elimination of hardness from the water. In the hardness of the water has been removed, the biosorption procedures can be made highly cost-effective by recycling and reprocessing of the biosorbents. The removals of hardness from huge amounts of water can be done by the applications of a variety of bioreactors in the biosorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72080,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biomarker sciences and technology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 265-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}