Z. Li , X.G. Hu , Y. Zhou , W.Y. Qu , L.J. Wen , X.X. Meng , Z. Xu , C. Guo , H.X. Lu , Q. Zhu
{"title":"Metallic slurry preparation and printability assessment for material extrusion additive manufacturing","authors":"Z. Li , X.G. Hu , Y. Zhou , W.Y. Qu , L.J. Wen , X.X. Meng , Z. Xu , C. Guo , H.X. Lu , Q. Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Material extrusion additive manufacturing of thermoplastics is so advanced due to the tunable rheological properties and hence a suitable printability, which is deficient for metals. Even though semi-solid modification and binder indirect modification are used to realize metal extrusion printing, the uncontrollable flow behavior and the metallurgical defects make it challenging to bridge this gap. In this study, mixed powder remelting and printability assessment were first proposed for producing metallic slurry with pre-designed microstructure and suitable printability without adding fillers or polymer carriers. Specifically, the hypoeutectic Sn-Bi metallic slurry was obtained by remelting the mixed powder composed of SnBi58 powder and pure Sn powder. The microstructural characteristics at different temperatures were investigated, demonstrating the ability of microstructure predesign. Furthermore, the printability, including stability, extrudability, and buildability, was evaluated by an advanced rheometer. The combined slurry preparation and printability assessment provides a reliable method for parameters improvement to obtain the structural fidelity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772369023000695/pdfft?md5=22e87ad64b5ccbc75c9484e4c9d912bd&pid=1-s2.0-S2772369023000695-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138550071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Powder sheets additive manufacturing: Principles and capabilities for multi-material printing","authors":"Wenyou Zhang , Arnoldas Sasnauskas , Asli Coban , Silvia Marola , Riccardo Casati , Shuo Yin , Ramesh Padamati Babu , Rocco Lupoi","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, a novel Metal Additive Manufacturing using Powder sheets (MAPS) method for printing multi-material composites in one process is proposed. MAPS employs powder sheets (i.e. metal powder-polymer matrix flexible films) as the feedstock material. Its key advantages include a relatively rapid change from one material to another and a minimum wastage of materials due to the elimination of the powder bed. The powder sheets were fabricated using a ‘solvent casting’ method. They were then employed in a commercialised metal printer for printing metal multi-material composites. To prove the disruptive concept of MAPS, a 60-layer trimetallic multi-material composite (304 L stainless steel, In718 and CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy) was additively manufactured using three different types of powder sheet material in the same manufacturing system for the first time. Experimental results indicate a high density (99.80 %) multi-material composites was printed by MAPS. EDX and SEM observations of the multi-material composites revealed variations of chemical composition and microstructure along the build direction. The newly proposed MAPS manufacturing method and results of this study provide insights into a new avenue for multi-material metallic parts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772369023000671/pdfft?md5=35681362891a05aaff158ed65c979e8b&pid=1-s2.0-S2772369023000671-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138501251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Embedding of Y3Al5O12:Ce within 316L stainless steel parts by laser powder bed fusion as an efficient luminescent sensor","authors":"Christina Baslari , Hicham Maskrot , Wilfried Pacquentin , Sonia Sousa Nobre , Timothée Delacroix , Daniel Zambon , Rachid Mahiou","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transition to circular economy requires the production of sustainable and eco-designed materials that help to reduce environmental impacts of metallic components. The development of sensing layers providing luminescent tracking functionalities is a potential method for extending the service life of metallic parts. In this study, incorporation of luminescent Ce<sup>3+</sup> doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce) within a stainless steel 316L (SS316L) matrix has been achieved for the first time by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). Embedding of phosphor particles was successfully carried out on a selected area of the 3D printed sample. Despite harsh processing conditions of L-PBF, luminescent emission was detected by optical spectroscopy. Microstructure and chemical composition of the incorporation zone were investigated in order to better understand optical properties. The precipitated particles exhibit new optical features, arising from the modification of the luminescent host lattice and the intricate interactions with the metal matrix.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277236902300066X/pdfft?md5=326ab269774fb13cf7342b83eb920459&pid=1-s2.0-S277236902300066X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138453809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oliver Nelson-Dummett , Geoffrey Rivers , Negar Gilani, Marco Simonelli, Christopher J. Tuck, Ricky D. Wildman, Richard J.M. Hague, Lyudmila Turyanska
{"title":"Off the Grid: A new strategy for material-jet 3D printing with enhanced sub-droplet resolution","authors":"Oliver Nelson-Dummett , Geoffrey Rivers , Negar Gilani, Marco Simonelli, Christopher J. Tuck, Ricky D. Wildman, Richard J.M. Hague, Lyudmila Turyanska","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drop-on-Demand additive manufacturing could offer a facile solution for scalable on-site manufacturing. With an increasing number of functional materials available for this technology, there are growing opportunities for applications, such as electronics. Here we report on a novel printing strategy, Off-the-Grid (OtG), which enables refined positioning of individual droplets and enhanced resolution compared to the traditional printing strategy. We demonstrate successful printing of structures with feature position control smaller than a single droplet size, and hence enhanced shape fidelity for intricate designs. This strategy is extended to filled patterns, enabling improved layer coverage and customisable inter-layer droplet positioning to control surface morphology. The OtG strategy is applied to produce functional designs, such as conformable circuitry and miniaturized antennae, and is transferable to different materials, from metal nanoparticle and polymeric inks on inkjet platforms, to molten metals on a MetalJet printer. These results could advance exploitation of AM in electronics, wearable electronics, medical devices, and metamaterials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772369023000658/pdfft?md5=4d6f26b85af9b73b0b2c7dce5ce4145b&pid=1-s2.0-S2772369023000658-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138466620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zina Kallien , Lars Rath , Arne Roos , Benjamin Klusemann
{"title":"Application of friction surfacing for solid state additive manufacturing of cylindrical shell structures","authors":"Zina Kallien , Lars Rath , Arne Roos , Benjamin Klusemann","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solid-state additive manufacturing (AM) via friction stir based processes is gaining increased attention as these techniques are feasible for several similar and dissimilar material combinations and induce significantly lower energy input to the subjacent structure than fusion-based approaches as material melting is avoided. Available research concentrates on linear depositions; however, further development of these techniques towards application necessitates more complex deposition paths, e.g. curves and the crossing of edges of previously deposited layers. In this study, the solid-state layer deposition process of friction surfacing (FS) is investigated in terms of process behavior and appearance of the resulting deposit when curved deposition paths are applied. With advancing side on the curve's inner edge, material build-up occurs predominantly on this side of the layer, which results in a deposit of inhomogeneous thickness. This phenomenon is related to the FS process characteristic due to the superposition of rotational and travel movement on a curvature, and is more pronounced for curves with small radii. A further challenge exists for closed structures, where the deposition has to cross previously deposited layers. This can be successfully achieved by reducing the travel speed prior to passing the edge to provide sufficient plasticized material thickness below the stud tip. Overall, the study provides an understanding of the FS process behavior and process parameters for curved paths. Furthermore, recommendations for process control and path planning, e.g. for building closed cylindrical shell structures, are deduced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772369023000646/pdfft?md5=0554e2804a216d9faa00a236e3ebc727&pid=1-s2.0-S2772369023000646-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138454040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alex Arbogast , Andrzej Nycz , Mark W. Noakes , Peter Wang , Christopher Masuo , Joshua Vaughan , Lonnie Love , Randall Lind , William Carter , Luke Meyer , Derek Vaughan , Alex Walters , Steven Patrick , Jonathan Paul , Jason Flamm
{"title":"Strategies for a scalable multi-robot large scale wire arc additive manufacturing system","authors":"Alex Arbogast , Andrzej Nycz , Mark W. Noakes , Peter Wang , Christopher Masuo , Joshua Vaughan , Lonnie Love , Randall Lind , William Carter , Luke Meyer , Derek Vaughan , Alex Walters , Steven Patrick , Jonathan Paul , Jason Flamm","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional robotic wire arc additive manufacturing technologies enable the rapid production of moderate-sized components using low-cost wire feedstocks and robotic welding systems. Efforts to date have primarily focused on single robot solutions. However, new configurations are possible with coordination of multiple robots and multi-degree of freedom positioners. This paper describes a new multi-agent control paradigm that enables multiple robots to work collaboratively on manufacturing a single component on a rotating platform. The advantages of this approach are increased deposition rate and productivity. This paper demonstrates this control strategy on a 19 degrees-of-freedom platform based on three wire arc additive systems surrounding a single rotating platform.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772369023000634/pdfft?md5=0a74dc0535089d8d5a10b8c2726a76e0&pid=1-s2.0-S2772369023000634-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138436766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anders Frem Wolstrup , Jonathan Thorbjørn Dagnæs-Hansen , Oskar Vitus Brandt , Daniel Helmuth Meile , Carl Sander Kruse , Jon Spangenberg , Tiberiu Gabriel Zsurzsan
{"title":"Fabrication of conductive structures in volumetric additive manufacturing through embedded 3-D printing for electronic applications","authors":"Anders Frem Wolstrup , Jonathan Thorbjørn Dagnæs-Hansen , Oskar Vitus Brandt , Daniel Helmuth Meile , Carl Sander Kruse , Jon Spangenberg , Tiberiu Gabriel Zsurzsan","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the fabrication of conductive structures for electronics applications using embedded 3-D printing coupled with Volumetric Additive Manufacturing (VAM). Electrically conductive carbon grease was suspended within a resin matrix, and the samples underwent VAM printing and post-processing. The resulting three dimensional conductive structure was measured to have a resistance of 4.5 kΩ, corresponding well with the material specifications. The results showed the importance of complete encapsulation of the conductive material within the resin to preserve the conductive structure. The resistivity of the conductive grease remained unaffected, indicating no interaction with the resin. Potential enhancements to improve the structure's fidelity and broaden its range of applications is discussed. This research highlights the potential of embedded 3-D printing for fabricating conductive structures in VAM. The fabrication method allows for unprecedented avenues in developing electronic applications, such as smart sensing, smart drug delivery and cyborganics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772369023000580/pdfft?md5=0525658ec9d9ec3dec226dade8c39716&pid=1-s2.0-S2772369023000580-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92047087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faraz Deirmina , Olutayo Adegoke , Matteo Del Col , Massimo Pellizzari
{"title":"Effect of layer thickness, and laser energy density on the recrystallization behavior of additively manufactured Hastelloy X by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Faraz Deirmina , Olutayo Adegoke , Matteo Del Col , Massimo Pellizzari","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A single-phase Ni-superalloy (Hastelloy X) was fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) using different layer-thicknesses (i.e., 40, 60, 80, and 120 µm), by implementing different optimized volumetric laser energy densities (i.e., VED of 67, 44, 31, and 35 J/mm<sup>3</sup>). As-built (AB) microstructure, grain morphology, and the recrystallization kinetics were systematically dependent on VED which generally decreases by increasing layer thickness. An increased VED led to a columnar grain morphology, strong texture, large lattice micro-strain, high fraction of low angle boundaries, and increased yield strength. Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis revealed that also the recrystallization kinetics was significantly dependent on VED. By decreasing the VED, recrystallization was largely suppressed because of the lower dislocation density in the AB state. A processing map to study the recrystallization as a function of VED, and solution annealing temperature is proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49751209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improvement of powder fabrication for additive manufacturing using ultrafine bubbles","authors":"Suxia Guo , Zhenxing Zhou , Mingqi Dong , Weiwei Zhou , Naoyuki Nomura","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Freeze-dry pulsated orifice ejection method (FD-POEM) shows great potential in producing spherical refractory or multi-component alloy powders. However, addressing the dispersibility issue of high-concentration slurries is required to broaden the application scope of FD-POEM in additive manufacturing. To this end, this study proposes the use of ultrafine bubble (UFB) water as an economical additive to improve slurry dispersibility without introducing impurities. A refractory MoSiBTiC alloy with complex compositions was chosen as an example to demonstrate the effect of UFBs on the dispersibility of the slurry mixture and the morphology of the FD-POEM powders. The underlying mechanism of the improved slurry dispersibility was elucidated through calculations of repulsive forces. Consequently, the operational range for the FD-POEM process was significantly expanded from 10 to 20 % when using UFB water. In addition, the MoSiBTiC alloy build was fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) using FD-POEM-produced powders with UFB additives, exhibiting uniform dendrites and fine TiC nanoparticles distributed in the matrix. This study not only expands the potential applications of UFB water in powder fabrication but also paves the way for the processability of Mo-based parts with advanced microstructures by combining FD-POEM with <span>L</span>-PBF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772369023000610/pdfft?md5=363decd29ca74896ac2a269dbe737d9a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772369023000610-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92047088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of the beam shape and process parameters on bead geometry in WLAM","authors":"Pierre Lapouge, Nora Hayrant, Frédéric Coste","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wire laser additive manufacturing (WLAM) is an emerging process to build rapidly metal parts of low complexity. In this paper, single beads of low alloy carbon steel, ER120, were welded with a filler on a S355J2 substrate to reproduce the conditions met in WLAM. The impact of the process parameters (power, wire feedrate, travel speed, spot size) on the stability and geometry of the beads were investigated. A configuration with a dual spot was also studied and found to give analogous results to a single, larger spot of the same area. For each bead dimension (height, width, area, depth) a power law relationship with the process parameters is fitted. Descriptors based on volume energy density and enthalpy were proposed to describe the transition from a conduction mode welding to a keyhole stage, which can lead to the creation of pores in the part.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49727306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}