[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health最新文献

{"title":"[A review of the literature on sedentary behavior].","authors":"Mikako Yasuoka, Takashi Nakagata, Yosuke Yamada, Koichiro Oka, Shigeru Inoue, Rei Ono","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/jph.24-057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sedentary behavior (such as sitting, watching TV, and driving) is characterized by little physical movement and low energy expenditure (≤1.5 metabolic equivalents). Previous studies have shown associations between sedentary behavior and adverse outcomes, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and death. This study is a narrative review that aims to summarize the assessment tools for sedentary behavior as well as the association between sedentary behavior and adverse health outcomes. Additionally, guidelines for future research on sedentary behavior are discussed.Sedentary behavior is assessed using subjective methods such as questionnaire responses or objective methods such as accelerometer readings. Although questionnaire methods have low validity, they allow researchers to collect information regarding the purpose or occasion of physical activity at a low cost. Accelerometers are expensive but collect precise information on the duration of sedentary behavior. Sedentary behavior is a risk factor for the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and cancer and associated mortality. The association between sedentary behavior and some diseases such as cancer type have been reported. Previous studies have found a dose-response relationship between sedentary time and adverse outcomes. Research on the associations between sedentary behavior and the subtypes of stroke, heart disease, and orthopedic diseases is insufficient; further studies are needed to clarify these associations. Recently, sedentary behavior has been the focus of guidelines in some countries because of increasing evidence on its adverse consequences. Intervention studies have shown that taking breaks and replacing sedentary behavior with vigorous or high-intensity physical activity benefit the health of participants. Future studies are needed to examine the cutoff values of sitting time that reduce the risk of morbidity for each disease and the health effects of interventions that shorten sitting time.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Practice and evaluation of the suicide prevention gatekeeper training program incorporating dialogue].","authors":"Takuya Nakagawa, Taichi Narita, Youtaro Katsumata","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/jph.24-023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　This study aimed to examine the practice and evaluation of the suicide prevention gatekeeper training program incorporating dialogue conducted as part of a comprehensive suicide prevention project.Methods　To provide individual support for suicide prevention, supporters' flexibility should be improved. The Niigata City Mental Health Center aims to improve traditional lecture-based human resource development programs for suicide prevention. In fiscal year (FY) 2017, we developed a \"Gatekeeper Training Textbook for Suicide Prevention\" that incorporates dialogue. Training programs using this textbook have been conducted since FY 2018. A self-administered questionnaire survey was administered to 975 participants in training programs from FY 2018-2022. The survey included the type of institution, understanding of responding to suicide risk, decrease/no decrease in difficulty in responding to suicide risk, and opinions and impressions of the programs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the difference in the proportions of decrease/no decrease in difficulty in responding to suicide risk by institutions was examined. Descriptions of the program's learning and awareness were analyzed qualitatively.Results　There were 761 (78.1%) respondents. Regarding their understanding of responding to suicide risk, 95.9% of the respondents answered, \"I understood better.\" Questions about the decrease/no decrease in difficulty in responding to suicide risk revealed that youth- and child-rearing support institutions scored higher than other institutions, whereas school-related institutions scored lower than other institutions regarding the rate of decrease in \"2; asking individuals who have self-harmed about their wounds,\" \"4; appropriately assessing the urgency of suicide risk,\" \"6; asking about their desire to die,\" and \"7; asking about their plans to commit suicide.\" Comments and opinions about the program were divided into four categories.Conclusion　We have developed a new method for suicide prevention gatekeeper training that incorporates dialogue and involves training with various community supporters. The number of respondents who answered that the difficulty decreased regarding receptive responses and cooperation with other institutions increased after training. Additionally, the respondents' understanding of their responses and cooperation were reported in free-written descriptions. However, training content and evaluation methods that match each organization's characteristics should be considered because there were differences in the tendency of decreases in difficulty after training between institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Long-term trends of occupational physical activity intensity in Japan].","authors":"Ayaka Fujitani, Masamitsu Kamada","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-028","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　Although physical inactivity is a global concern, quantitative data on its long-term trends in physical activity (PA) are limited. This study aimed to estimate long-term trends in the intensity of occupational PA, constituting the largest portion of PA in Japan.Methods　Data on the number of workers in Japan by occupational category were obtained from the Labour Force Survey. PA intensity (metabolic equivalents [METs]) was assigned to 329 occupations in the Japanese Standard Occupational Classification based on the methods and data of Tudor-Locke et al. (2011), and representative intensity values for 11 occupational categories were calculated. Based on intensity, occupational categories were reclassified into sedentary (≤1.5 METs), light (1.6-2.9 METs), and moderate (≥3 METs). Trends in the prevalence of workers in each category were analyzed, along with the annual mean occupation-related METs from 1953 to 2022. The mean occupation-related METs represented the weighted average of PA intensity, calculated based on the annual worker population for each occupational category. Results　From 1953-2022, the prevalence of moderate-intensity occupations significantly declined, whereas sedentary and light-intensity occupations increased. The mean occupation-related METs decreased continuously for 70 years. During the 48-year period from 1962 to 2010, when there were no major changes in occupational classification methods, there was a decline of 0.25 METs, representing a 9.6% decrease, from 2.60 to 2.35 METs.Conclusion　Over the past 70 years, occupations in Japan have transitioned to ones with lower PA intensity. Consequently, the average PA intensity across all occupations decreased by at least one-tenth. Since this study assumes a constant intensity for each occupation, the actual decline in occupational PA intensity may be even more significant because of societal automation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"606-614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Public school teachers' perceptions of internet gaming problems among students: current status and challenges].","authors":"Megumi Sakamoto, Yoko Matsunaga","doi":"10.11236/jph.23-103","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.23-103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　This study aimed to identify and understand the challenges faced by public school teachers regarding issues related to Internet gaming.Methods　An electronic questionnaire was administered to 400 public school teachers in the Saitama Prefecture from September to November 2021. A total of 352 valid responses were obtained. The survey content included teachers' knowledge of gaming disorders, whether their students experienced gaming-related problems, difficulties perceived by teachers, how they discovered the problems, how they dealt with them, the challenges they faced in dealing with the problems, and desired support. Data were analyzed based on the teachers' roles, responsibilities, type of school, and knowledge of gaming difficulties. Fisher's exact probability tests were used to determine significance, and adjusted standardized residuals were used to assess the differences between groups.Results　Nearly 63.1% of the teachers already had knowledge of gaming disorders, and 49.4% acknowledged the existence of students with gaming problems. The most common reasons for discovering problems were disrupted daily rhythm (51.7%) and increased tardiness and early dismissal (34.7%). The main actions taken to address gaming problems were \"consultation and information sharing with families\" (48.6%) and \"individual guidance by teachers\" (34.1%). Approximately half of the teachers indicated that they regularly experienced difficulties in activities related to prevention, early detection, student support, and interaction with parents. Specific challenges included limited guidance and involvement with families (61.4%) and the inability to intervene and provide effective support (62.5%). Teachers' support included programs for addiction recovery (56.8%), awareness programs for parents (56.0%), and staff training to increase the understanding of gaming disorders (50.5%). The responses varied according to teacher role and school type, indicating that implementation rates and difficulties were higher in middle schools.Conclusion　We found that teachers tended to view internet gaming problems as family problems and provide complementary support for home education. Teachers also found it difficult to deal with students with gaming problems. Depending on the teacher's role in the school and the type of school, requests for support varied. Elementary and special-needs schools needed teaching materials that could be used for classroom and school-wide instruction and guidance for concerned students and their parents; junior high schools needed a consultation system with school counselors and other professionals and cooperation with healthcare; and high schools needed measures and support, including social support.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"637-648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Seven-week trial introduction of green slow-mobility services in a new town].","authors":"Ryota Watanabe, Masashige Saito, Yasuhiro Miyaguni, Taishi Tsuji","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-019","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism is promoting the introduction of green slow mobility (GSM) vehicles (can drive up to 20 km/h on public roads) for mobility assistance and potential long-term care prevention. We identified four key factors to pinpoint the challenges and enhance opportunities for introducing GSM; GSM's operational achievements, a comparison of the characteristics of GSM users and non-users, purpose for using GSM, and observation of GSM's contribution to long-term care prevention among older adults.Methods　A pilot GSM study was conducted in Ikeda City, Osaka Prefecture, from October to December 2022. The service included three routes, operating six times daily on a fixed schedule, and was provided by 10 volunteer drivers. Passengers signaled for boarding, and service details were provided through leaflets. A self-administered mail survey was conducted before and after the demonstration test with 674 respondents to the post-questionnaire, and 502 respondents were asked at both time points about issues related to the service, user characteristics, and care prevention. To assess care prevention, we examined the percentage of favorable changes triggered by GSM based on \"opportunities to go out,\" \"personal and behavioral aspects,\" \"social relations,\" and \"psychological aspects.\" Additionally, we examined whether the health indices in the post-hoc survey were better among GSM users than non-users.Results　Of the 223 scheduled GSM services, 214 (96.0%) were operated by 10 volunteers driving an average of 3.1 (SD 2.4) times weekly (0-11 times), indicating an uneven distribution of driving responsibilities. Among the users, 65 (9.6%) were more engaged in community activities and emotional support than non-users. The main purposes for using GSM services were shopping and medical visits, with approximately 70% of users finding it easier to go out owing to these services. The percentage of favorable changes were noted in 3.1-26.2% and 0.2-1.5% of users and non-users, respectively. In the post-test survey, users showed higher independence on the instrumental self-maintenance subscale than non-users.Conclusion　GSM facilitates outings among older adults and may reduce the need for potential long-term care. However, a system is required to ensure that the service burden does not decrease even for a few driving volunteers. Additionally, GSM users are often socially active. Thus, strategies to increase service awareness among less active individuals should be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"624-636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Development and psychometric properties of the Japanese version of Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Revised (CYRM-R) among Japanese youth].","authors":"Mariko Shimoda, Kazue Ishitsuka, Naho Morisaki","doi":"10.11236/jph.23-113","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.23-113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　Resilience is the ability to navigate adversity and recover from challenging situations. Developing resilience at a young age promotes mental health and provides benefits throughout one's lifespan. Validated measures for assessing resilience at a young age are required in both clinical practice and epidemiological studies. The Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Revised (CYRM-R) is a tool used worldwide to assess resilience in children and young people. The objective of this study was to develop a Japanese version of the CYRM-R and investigate its psychometric properties.Methods　Children in grades 5-9 were recruited via a two-stage cluster random sampling taken from the Japan Adolescent and Youth (JAY) Longitudinal Cohort Study. The participants completed the Japanese version of the CYRM-R . The CYRM-R consists of two subscales, personal resilience and caregiver resilience, with a total of 17 items. The linguistic validity of the Japanese version of the CYRM-R was ensured through translation and back-translation.Cronbach's alpha coefficients were examined for the total score and the two subscales to assess the internal consistency of the Japanese version of the CYRM-R scale. In addition, correlation coefficients of the subscales were calculated. For factorial validity, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the same two-factor structure as in the original version to assess the model's goodness of fit. Results　A total of 2,266 children (50.0% male) were included in the study. The overall Cronbach's alpha of the Japanese version of the CYRM-R obtained from this sample was 0.956; For the personal resilience subscale, Cronbach's alpha was 0.932; for the caregiver resilience subscale, it was 0.919. Significant positive correlations were also found between subscales (r = 0.827, p < 0.001). A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using a two-factor structure for validity. The model fit was good (RMSEA = 0.085, SRMR = 0.041, CFI = 0.934).Conclusion　The Japanese version of the CYRM-R maintained the same two-factor structure as the original version. The study findings showed that the Japanese version of the CYRM-R had adequate internal consistency and factorial validity for assessing resilience in children and youth. Therefore, this scale is a valuable tool for identifying individuals or groups at risk in terms of children's resilience and for evaluating the effectiveness of support and interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"599-605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Identification of dietary patterns and their relationship with zinc intake in male and female workers].","authors":"Kana Tadokoro, Akiko Nanri, Mayumi Nagano, Masanori Ohta","doi":"10.11236/jph.23-098","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.23-098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　Deficiency of zinc, an essential trace element in the body, adversely affects taste, wound healing, and immunity. This study aimed to identify the dietary patterns of male and female workers using factor analysis and clarify the relationship between dietary patterns and zinc intake.Methods　The participants were 395 municipal employees (193 men and 202 women) in Northern Kyushu aged 19-71 years. To obtain the dietary intake data, participants were asked to complete a lifestyle and health questionnaire and brief self-administered dietary history questionnaire. Zn intake was evaluated per 1,000 kcal (mg/1,000 kcal). The values were adjusted for energy using the density method, and multiple regression analysis was performed.Results　Three dietary patterns were identified for each participant. Among men, \"main and side dish type pattern\" characterized by higher intakes of potatoes, legumes, vegetables, seafood, meat, and low for cereals, \"snack type pattern\" characterized by higher intakes of sweets and coffee, and \"Mediterranean diet pattern\" characterized by higher intakes of bread, pasta, fruits, eggs, and milk, and low for miso soup and rice were identified. For women, a \"vegetarian diet type pattern\" characterized by higher intakes of beans, vegetables, mushrooms, and seaweed, \"main and side dish type pattern\" characterized by low intake of rice, and \"dinner-time drinking pattern\" characterized by higher intakes of alcoholic beverages were identified. Zinc intake was positively associated with the \"main and side dish type pattern\" and \"Mediterranean diet pattern\" in men and \"vegetarian diet\" and \"main and side dish type pattern\" in women. Additionally, zinc intake was negatively associated with the \"dinner-time drinking pattern\" among women.Conclusion　Despite adjusting for age, BMI, marriage, occupation, smoking habits, and exercise habits, the \"main and side dish type pattern\" and \"Mediterranean diet pattern\" were positively correlated with zinc intake in men and the \"vegetarian diet\" and \"main and side dish type pattern\" in women. The data suggest awareness of the dietary patterns that are conducive to ensuring zinc intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"615-623"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[How smokers perceive pictorial and non-pictorial health warnings on cigarette packages: An online survey].","authors":"Erina Iwase, Hiroshi Yamato, Takahiro Tabuchi, Kayo Togawa, Kota Katanoda, Masakazu Nakamura","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/jph.24-009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　This study aimed to evaluate Japanese smokers' perceptions of health warnings on tobacco packaging by comparing text-only and pictorial warnings.Methods　Data were sourced from the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey (JASTIS), an online, self-reported study conducted in February and March 2020. Participants included current smokers aged 15-74 years in Japan (n＝2,372). Perceptions regarding five packaging samples were assessed: the old package (text-only warning covering 30% of the pack's front and back before April 2020), the current package (text-only warning covering 50% of the pack's front and back), and three packages with pictorial warnings covering 50% of the front and back. Respondents were asked four questions on a 5-point Likert scale regarding the effectiveness of these warnings in terms of discouraging young people from starting to smoke, encouraging them to quit, communicating the dangers of smoking, and comfort level with the warnings. A t-test was conducted to compare each pair of packages.Results　There were no significant differences observed between the \"text only 30%\" and \"text only 50%\" packages in terms of preventing young individuals from starting to smoke, encouraging quitting, or communicating the dangers of smoking (P＝0.740-0.987). Conversely, packages with pictorial warnings were perceived as more effective than text-only packages (P＜0.01) in all aspects. A significant difference was observed in the respondents' perceptions of comfort levels with the packages, with the pictorial ones deemed more uncomfortable (P＜0.01).Conclusion　The findings indicated that pictorial health warnings are significantly associated with increased awareness of smoking risks, motivation to quit smoking, and prevention of smoking initiation among young people. Accordingly, Japan should consider adopting pictorial health warnings in accordance with the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Relationship between changes in lifestyle and sleep duration due to the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in older adults: A cross-sectional study].","authors":"Hidehiko Yamada, Nobuaki Moriyama, Natsumi Okamoto, Chihiro Nakayama, Kayoko Sato, Hajime Iwasa, Seiji Yasumura","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/jph.24-033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　In response to the spread of COVID-19, a state of emergency was declared on April 7, 2020. People were asked to stay at home unless necessary, and studies conducted in Japan and other countries have investigated the impact of these restrictions on the lives and health of older adults. While some studies have focused on sleep, a crucial aspect of the health of older adults, little is known about the relationship between sleep and various lifestyle changes experienced by older adults in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we aimed to investigate the factors associated with changes in sleep duration among older adults before and after the spread of COVID-19.Methods　A random sample of 1,808 men and women aged 65-84 years who lived in Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan was selected. A self-administered anonymous survey was mailed to the participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with decreased sleep duration compared to the COVID-19 pre-pandemic. Factors such as basic attributes, lifestyle changes compared with that during pre-pandemic period, stress levels, and involvement with the community were considered in the analysis.Results　Of the 1,808 distributed surveys, 1,305 were returned (response rate: 72.2%). After excluding participants with missing data (n＝108), 1,197 responses were included in the final analysis (valid response rate: 66.2%). Among these, 155 participants (12.9%) reported decreased sleep duration. Decreased \"social activities/connectedness\" (odds ratio [OR]: 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54-4.22), reduced \"average duration of exercise on exercise days\" (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.38-5.24), and self-reported \"stress in the past month\" (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.43-4.06) were significantly associated with decreased sleep duration.Conclusion　The spread of COVID-19 was associated with decreased sleep duration among older adults. This decrease was linked to reduced social activity and participation, decreased exercise, and increased stress. To mitigate these effects, maintaining social participation and activities, scheduling regular and manageable exercise routines, and implementing effective stress management strategies while adhering to infection control practices are important.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Changes in attitudes toward suicide after brief gatekeeper education: Findings from population-based repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted among middle-aged and older adults].","authors":"Hirofumi Oyama, Yuko Harima, Tomoe Sakashita, Hisanaga Sasaki, Haruka Oyama, Yoshimi Maguchi","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/jph.24-021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　This study aimed to investigate changes in attitudes toward suicide following a universal home visitation program that included a brief face-to-face educational session focusing on gatekeeper roles in Japan.Methods　Between 2015 and 2017, members of 169 households in an intervention district from a northern Japanese township were invited to attend an educational session during home visits. The participation rate was 72.8%, with 94.5% of the participants aged over 40. Repeated cross-sectional population-based surveys were conducted among adults in the towns in 2015 and 2021. Data from the surveys, focusing on individuals aged 40-79 years and residing in the intervention and matched control districts (where no visits occurred and only information was distributed through leaflets), were used to assess the prevalence of self-reported views toward suicide. The self-reported views encompassed \"no substantial thoughts,\" \"inevitable,\" \"shameful,\" \"annoying,\" \"tragic,\" \"must be managed,\" and \"romantic\" in addition to personal and perceived stigma, depressive symptoms (assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-6), and suicidal ideation. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to analyze linear trends in the proportion of views that exhibited changes.Results　Participation rates were 61.8% (n ＝ 357) in 2015 and 52.8% (n ＝ 257) in 2021. The intervention group showed a significant difference in the prevalence of the \"inevitable\" view between baseline and 4-year follow-up (P ＝ 0.026). Marginal pre-post differences were observed among the two types of stigma; however, the symptoms remained unchanged. A marginally significant difference in the change of the \"inevitable\" view was observed between the two groups. In the follow-up, more knowledgeable respondents in the intervention group were less likely to view suicide as \"inevitable,\" a trend not seen in the control group.Conclusions　The universal home visitation program, including a face-to-face session focusing on the gatekeeper role, was associated with a decreased prevalence of the \"inevitable\" attitude between the baseline and 4-year follow-up among community-dwelling adults aged 40-79. This suggests that face-to-face interactions with healthcare professionals can reduce the tendency to condone suicide among middle-aged and older adults in community settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}