Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica最新文献

{"title":"Veterinarians' perceptions on African swine fever and the control measures in Estonia.","authors":"Lidiia Moskalenko, Kerli Mõtus, Arvo Viltrop","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00822-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-025-00822-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Veterinarians are key stakeholders in fighting African Swine Fever (ASF), yet their awareness, perceptions and attitudes of ASF are often unknown. This is crucial, especially in Estonia where ASF has persisted for almost 10 years. We conducted five focus groups involving 11 farm veterinarians and 4 assistants working on Estonian commercial pig farms. Using participatory methods, we revealed their awareness of ASF signs, transmission routes, and preventive measures. Furthermore, we identified perceived obstacles to the implementation and maintenance of ASF biosecurity measures and their acceptance of control measures. Finally, we investigated veterinarians' awareness of stakeholders in ASF control, their role and trust to fulfil these roles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Haemorrhages on skin, mucosa and organs, along with fever, loss of appetite, and increased mortality were frequently mentioned as first signs that would lead veterinary staff to suspect ASF infection in the herd. The highest risk of virus introduction into the herd was designated to humans, transport vehicles, and bedding. Training of people and disinfection with movement restrictions were considered the most effective measures for preventing ASF. The motivation and attitude of farm employees, and financial constraints were perceived as major obstacles impacting implementation and maintenance of ASF biosecurity measures. Herd-level ASF eradication measures were generally accepted, except for culling. The majority acknowledged its necessity, while others advocated for a case-by-case approach or suggested using the animals for food. Establishing restricted zones I, II, and III received the least acceptance, with concerns over market access, product prices, economic hardships for farmers, and inconsistencies in zoning practices across the EU. Pigkeepers and veterinary authorities were seen as the key stakeholders in ASF control, with veterinarians and pigkeepers being the most trusted to fulfil their roles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Veterinary staff demonstrated good awareness of ASF signs, transmission routes, and preventive measures. Further training in ASF control measures remains relevant in areas related to the EU and national legislation, involved parties and their roles, to ensure effective implementation and collaboration with stakeholders. This study provides insights into refining ASF communication strategies and identifying potential blind spots in biosecurity practices in Estonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections of lambs in Southwest Norway: a longitudinal study.","authors":"Tsegabirhan Kifleyohannes, Elin Skorpen, Kine Rosnes Hansen, Snorre Stuen, Lucy J Robertson","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00823-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00823-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Domestic ruminants are common hosts of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. Although both protozoan parasites are known to circulate among lambs in Norway, their epidemiology is largely unknown. This longitudinal study investigated the occurrence of both parasites in different age groups of lambs, with molecular characterisation of some isolates. Faecal samples (n = 394) were collected from lambs from 17 different flocks on three occasions. At first sampling, lambs were approximately 2-3 days old, and 160 samples were collected. On the two subsequent occasions, no additional lambs were included and samples collected were from among the lambs sampled on the first occasion. At second sampling, lambs were 14-21 days old, and 134 samples were collected. At the final sampling, lambs were 40-42 days old, and 100 samples were collected. Samples were analysed using immunofluorescent antibody staining (IFAT), with molecular characterisation of selected positive samples by PCR and sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 66 samples (17%) were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts and 61 (16%) positive for Giardia cysts by IFAT. Cryptosporidium was detected most often at the second sampling, occurring significantly more often than in younger lambs (P < 0.0001). Longitudinal investigation indicated that around 20% of lambs shedding Cryptosporidium oocysts at one sampling occasion were still infected, or had been reinfected, at the next sampling occasion. A significant increase in Giardia infection occurred with age, with a higher occurrence at the second sampling occasion than the first (P < 0.0001), and a greater occurrence at the third sampling occasion than both the first (P < 0.0001) and second (P = 0.052). For Giardia, persistent infection, or reinfection between sampling occasions, was between 25 and 40%. Associations were detected between infection status and location (Vestland or Rogaland), infection status and diarrhoea, and intensity of infection and diarrhoea. Molecular methods identified two species of Cryptosporidium (C. parvum (subtypes IIaA13G1R2 (4 samples) and IIdA20G1 (1 sample)) and C. ubiquitum, subtype XIIa (3 samples). Giardia isolates were identified as G. bovis (G. duodenalis, Assemblage E).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections occurred commonly in lambs in the three different age groups, with more positives detected at the second and third sampling (when the lambs were older) than at the first. As some lambs were positive for one or other of the parasites on two sampling occasions, prolonged infection or reinfection may occur. Molecular characterisation indicated that although the Cryptosporidium in these lambs can be of public health importance, the Giardia species identified are not considered zoonotic.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botulism in waterfowl: case report in Argentina.","authors":"María Florencia Ovelar, Germán José Cantón, Jorge Pablo García, María Belén Riccio, Alicia Raquel Rodríguez, María Isabel Farace, Ignacio Alvarez","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00824-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00824-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Botulism, a severe neuroparalytic disease caused by the botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, poses significant threats to wild birds. This study describes a natural outbreak of type C botulism in waterfowl in the surroundings of a lagoon in Saavedra, Buenos Aires province, Argentina, during January 2021. The outbreak, affecting approximately 300 birds, was attributed to environmental conditions that allowed the proliferation of C. botulinum. Clinical signs included progressive weakness, paresis, flaccid paralysis, difficulties in locomotion and swimming, \"limbing neck\", and nictitating membrane protrusion. No gross lesions were observed during autopsies, but mild congestion, hemorrhage, and pulmonary edema were noted microscopically. Toxin type C was detected in feces, serum samples, and lagoon water, confirming the diagnosis. This is the first documented report of waterfowl botulism in central Argentina and highlights the impact that delayed detection can have on bird populations.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Botulism, a severe neuroparalytic disease caused by Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins, poses a significant risk to wild birds, especially waterfowl and their ecosystems. Recent trends show an increase in botulism outbreaks in wild birds, likely influenced by climate change impacting environmental factors. Unlike in humans, there is often a lack of regulation and surveillance of botulism in wild birds worldwide.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>In January 2021, an outbreak of neurological disease characterized by locomotion difficulties, led to the deaths of approximately 300 waterfowl. Results confirmed BoNTs type C establishing the cause of the mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This botulism outbreak underscores the critical need for early detection and intervention to prevent significant losses in wild bird populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144797945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-farm testing of reduced animal welfare demands on productivity and welfare in pig production.","authors":"Per Wallgren, Stefan Gunnarsson","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00825-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00825-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Swedish animal welfare requirements exceed those of EU, which may have contributed to decreased pig production in Sweden since joining EU. On request from stakeholders, the Swedish Board of Agriculture allowed testing effects of reduced welfare demands on pig production for one year. This included weaning before 28 days at individual level, temporary confinements of sows during farrowing and mating, and increased stocking density of growers. The intervention period lasted for one year, and the productivity was compared with the preceding year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A reduced mean weaning age from 32 to 27 days did not have a significant effect on piglet welfare measures but the annual number of piglets weaned per sow increased by 1.3. Temporary confinement of sows at farrowing had no significant effect on piglet mortality or productivity, but the confinement reduced sow welfare. Temporary confinement of sows during mating did not improve sow productivity. Instead, hygiene and welfare decreased due to the confinement. Decreased stocking density by 10% compared with Swedish requirements had no significant effect on welfare measures. Nor did weight gain differ from the previous year. However, increased batch size of fatteners increased the incidence of respiratory lesions at slaughter, impaired growth and feed conversion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Simulations assured that over 90% of the piglets were older than 25 days in batches weaned at a mean age of 28 days. As piglets mature from three to four weeks of age, this was important for piglet welfare. Short-term confinement of sows at farrowing or mating decreased sow welfare due to the confinement while no significant increase in piglet productivity was found. An increased stocking density by 10% of weaners and growers did not affect welfare measures but increased the number of potential disease transmissions between pigs by 22% due to increased batch sizes. When batch size increased, respiratory lesions at slaughter increased and productivity decreased. Based on the results, the Board of Agriculture allowed herds to wean at a mean age of 28 days provided they complied with special requirements. Except for this, the minimal legal requirements of pig welfare in Sweden remained unchanged.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovarian follicular responses to estrus and ovulation synchronization protocols in East African Shorthorn Zebu cattle.","authors":"Patrick Mawadri, Tonny Balemwa, Denis Rwabiita Mugizi, Patrick Vudriko, Benon Mbabazi Kanyima, Charles Lagu, David Okello-Owiny, James Okwee-Acai, Maria Gorretti Nassuna-Musoke","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00821-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00821-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The East African Shorthorn Zebu (SHZ) is a Bos indicus breed adapted to tropical farming systems characterized by compromised feeding, welfare and harsh environments, contributing to poor reproductive performance. Estrus and ovulation synchronization protocols developed to enhance reproduction in Bos taurus have not achieved similar success in SHZ. This study evaluated effects of 7-day Co-synch + progesterone releasing intravaginal device (7-day Co-synch + P4ID; n = 17), Bee-Synch I (n = 17), and Bee-Synch II (n = 17) protocols on dominant follicle (DF) diameters, estrus and ovulation in 51 SHZ cows on extensive management. Estrus was monitored through observation and aids, while ultrasonography measured ovarian DF and corpus luteum (CL) diameters. Generalized linear models were used to compare means across protocols at 95% confidence level using R.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DF diameters increased by 0.05 mm for every hour from P4ID withdrawal irrespective of protocol (P < 0.001). Mean DF diameters at P4ID withdrawal were 6.015 ± 0.903, 4.93 ± 0.737 and 7.31 ± 0.613 mm for 7-day Co-synch + P4ID, Bee synch I and Bee synch II respectively and the difference between Bee synch I and Bee synch II were significant (P.adj = 0.044). At last gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration time, DF diameters were 8.76 ± 0.725, 7.29 ± 0.505, and 9.68 ± 0.521 mm for 7-day Co-synch + P4ID, Bee synch I and Bee synch II respectively, with significant differences between Bee-Synch I and Bee-Synch II (P-adj = 0.016). Mean preovulatory DF diameters were 10.64 ± 0.333, 8.97 ± 0.335 and 10.30 ± 0.236 mm for the 7-day Co-synch + P4ID, Bee synch I and for Bee synch II respectively, with significant differences between Bee-synch I and 7-day Co-synch + P4ID (P.adj = 0.011) and between Bee-Synch I and Bee-Synch II (P.adj = 0.008). Estrus expression rates were not significantly different and 47%, 41.2% and 58.8% for 7-day Co-synch + P4ID, Bee synch I and Bee synch II respectively, while ovulation rates were 41.2%, 52.94% and 82.35% respectively. Mean ovulation times and last GnRH to ovulation intervals were significantly longer for both 7-day Co-synch + P4ID and Bee synch II than for Bee synch I.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bee synch II and 7-day Co-synch + P4ID outperformed Bee synch I presenting opportunities for fertility improvement in SHZ. The results highlight the need for tailored fixed-time estrus and ovulation synchronization protocols to enhance fertility in B. indicus cattle under tropical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144726358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcutaneous Dirofilaria repens infection in an imported dog in Denmark.","authors":"Kurt Buchmann, Per Walter Kania, Per Johansen","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00820-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00820-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The filarioid nematode Dirofilaria repens infects mainly dogs and is transmitted by vector mosquitoes when biting the definitive host. The parasite has mainly been reported from Eastern and Southern Europe, but during recent decades it has expanded its geographic range to some countries in Central and Northern Europe. Here, we report the finding of a fully mature female D. repens in a dog in Denmark.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A female specimen of the filarioid nematode Dirofilaria repens (superfamily Filarioidea, family Onchocercidae) was isolated from a ruptured subcutaneous nodule in an 18 months old Border Collie on the Danish island of Bornholm. The dog was born in Italy, where it lived for the first 3 months of its life, whereafter it was imported to Denmark via Switzerland. Species diagnosis was based on molecular methods (Polymerase chain reaction PCR and sequencing of ribosomal DNA (rDNA, ITS) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, COX1, NADH) in combination with morphometric characterization. The viviparous nematode was relatively small (total length 102 mm, broadest width 0.6 mm). It had a prominent uterus containing numerous eggs at different embryonation stages, some of which showed fully developed microfilariae.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dirofilaria repens was originally reported from Southern Europe and Asia, but during recent decades, it expanded its distribution area northwards, allowing autochthonous transmission to occur in Germany, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland. The present report provides the first description from Denmark of a fully mature female worm in a dog imported from Italy. Known vectors include species of mosquitoes within the genera Aedes, Anopheles Coquillettidia and Culex, which are endemic in Denmark, reflecting the risk of future autochthonous transmission also in Denmark, where climatic conditions now allow larval development in the vectors. Although suspected to be an imported case, it cannot be excluded that the infection was contracted in Denmark.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12211724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological response to weight carrying and associations with conformation traits in Icelandic horses used for tour riding.","authors":"Denise Söderroos, Guðrún Jóhanna Stefánsdóttir, Sveinn Ragnarsson, Víkingur Gunnarsson, Anna Jansson","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00818-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00818-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Weight carrying capacity is an important trait in riding horses and it may be associated with conformation. This study examined the physiological response to a ridden incremental weight carrying test in 16 adult Icelandic horses used for tour riding. Horses carried 20% (BWR_20%), 25% (BWR_25%), 30% (BWR_30%) and 35% (BWR_35%) of their body weight (BW) in tölt (~ 5.7 m/seconds, 640 m/step), and associations with body measurements and back conformation (score) were examined. Horses were divided into two groups (narrow or broad back) and body measurements were collected. Plasma lactate was analysed in blood samples collected after each step in the exercise test, an exponential equation was fitted, and BW-ratio was calculated for 2, 3 and 4 mmol/L (BWR_La2, BWR_La3 and BWR_La4). Plasma creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) were analysed at rest and 24 h post exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four out of 15 horses did not reach a plasma lactate concentration of 4 mmol/L, even at BWR_35%. A positive correlation was found between chest width and BWR_La4 and between the difference between height at withers and croup and BWR_La2 (P < 0.05). Hock circumference and the difference between height at croup and back were negatively correlated with BWR_La2 (P < 0.05). The change in CK from rest to 24 h post exercise was negatively correlated with the difference between height at withers and height at back and croup (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The physiological response to weight carrying was relatively low. A wider chest, \"uphill\" conformation, straight backline and smaller hock circumference were associated with weight carrying capacity, but group (narrow or broad back) was not.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring cytokines in Eurasian tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) with a bovine bead-based multiplex immunoassay and real-time PCR.","authors":"Tuva Løken Frøvoll, Kari Lybeck, Hege Lund, Shokouh Makvandi-Nejad, Unni Grimholt, Carlos G das Neves, Morten Tryland, Ingebjørg Helena Nymo, Siv Klevar","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00819-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00819-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) herding is based on access to seasonal pastures. Pastureland is, however, being lost and fragmented due to e.g. climate change, human activities, and predators, creating an increasing need for feeding and fencing. This alters disease occurrence, leading to a greater need for disease investigation tools. Knowledge of the activation of immune pathways during disease can be obtained by measuring cytokines, but no commercial methods are currently available for reindeer. This study investigated whether the MILLIPLEX® Bovine Cytokine Magnetic Bead assay could be used to detect interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in reindeer cell supernatants and serum. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from reindeer (n = 4) and cattle (Bos taurus, n = 3) were stimulated with mitogens for 6 and 24 h (h) and the quantity of cytokines in cell supernatants was measured. Serum from experimental viral infections in reindeer (Orf virus; ORFV and Varicellovirus cervidalpha2; CvHV2) was also analysed. Additionally, primers were designed to measure cytokine gene expression in response to mitogens by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bovine bead-based multiplex immunoassay detected five of six cytokines (IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ) in reindeer PBMC supernatants after stimulation. All cytokines were detected in bovine samples. Although cytokine concentrations were generally higher in bovine samples, analysis of reindeer supernatants demonstrated significantly increased IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α and IFN-γ concentrations in supernatants from stimulated compared to unstimulated PBMCs. Neither reindeer nor cattle samples showed a significant increase for IL-6, while IL-8 was increased only in bovine samples after 6 h stimulation. Serum from reindeer infected with CvHV2 showed significantly increased IFN-γ levels on days 4 and 7 post inoculation. Gene expression of all cytokines was increased by stimulation of reindeer PBMCs, except IL-6 for which primer design was unsuccessful.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows the potential of the bovine bead-based multiplex immunoassay for measuring IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ concentrations in reindeer. The qPCR is suitable for measuring gene expression of these cytokines and IL-8. These methods may be used to characterise immune responses in reindeer, but further testing and validation are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living labs opened dialogues about antibiotic use in dairy cattle and pig sectors - Insights from a Danish case study based on participatory action research.","authors":"Mette Vaarst, Merete Studnitz, Mogens Agerbo Krogh, Hanne Kongsted","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00816-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00816-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prudent antimicrobial use (AMU) is paramount for future sustainable animal production. Continuous efforts are required to have a low and well-regulated AMU. Living Labs (LLs) are multistakeholder open innovation platforms that have the potential to allow multiple stakeholders to explore common ground, create dialogues and find solutions to jointly identified problems. The purpose of this study was to stimulate multistakeholder dialogues leading to transitions towards a more prudent AMU in the Danish dairy and pig sectors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two LLs, which focused on pig farms and dairy cattle farms, worked in parallel for 30 months. Stakeholders in the pig and dairy sectors pointed to systemic structures such as logistic conditions and global market structures as the main drivers of the current AMU. Both LLs expressed conflicting interests and perceptions around the concept of prudent AMU related to animal welfare and today's production systems. Thus, the LLs in the Danish context became spaces for opening dialogues and negotiating difficult and sensitive issues in addition to being open-innovation platforms. Both LLs expressed scepticism around the connections between AMU in animal farming and the global threat of antimicrobial resistance to humans. However, this scepticism was more dominant for the stakeholders of the pig sector. The feeling of being a global front-runner in prudent AMU, legislation and transparent monitoring of AMU existed in both sectors, but both LLs identified possibilities and room for improvement. The need to reduce AMU was most consistently articulated in the dairy cattle LL, where the stakeholders increasingly focused on calves from dairy farms and the systemic drivers, which made it challenging to reduce AMU. Some actors in the pig LL kept questioning whether a change towards more prudent AMU was needed in Denmark.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The LL approach fostered important dialogues and insights between central stakeholders in the sectors and was thereby helpful in terms of opening and contributing to dialogues about antibiotic usage in dairy cattle and pigs within and across sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12172369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paralytic ileus in 57 cows - symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.","authors":"Ueli Braun, Christian Gerspach, Rahel Scheiwiller, Monika Hilbe, Karl Nuss","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00817-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00817-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paralytic ileus (PI) also known as functional ileus or adynamic ileus occurs when intestinal motor activity is impaired. Cessation of ingesta passage leads to the accumulation of fluid and gas causing intestinal dilatation. With this type of ileus, intestinal transit is functionally impaired in the absence of a physical obstruction. The present retrospective study describes the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of 57 cows with PI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Colic occurred in 43.9% of the cows, and intestinal and rumen motility was reduced or absent in 92.9% (52/56) and 82.5% (47/57) of the cows, respectively. Ballottement and/or percussion and simultaneous auscultation on the right were also positive in 82.5% of the cows. Faecal output was minimal or absent in 94.7% (54/57) of the cows, and dilated small intestines and occasionally large intestines were palpated transrectally in 57.1% (32/56). The principal laboratory abnormalities were hypokalaemia (89.4%, 51/57), hypocalcaemia (87.5%, 35/40), hypermagnesaemia (77.5%, 31/40), positive base excess (57.4%, 27/47), acidosis (55.3%, 26/47) and hypercapnia (53.2%, 25/47). Ultrasonography in 50 cows revealed dilated small intestines with reduced or absent motility. Eleven cows had received medical treatment alone, 45 had undergone right flank laparotomy and one was euthanized immediately after clinical examination. Fifty-four (94.7%) cows were discharged and three (5.3%) were euthanized.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Paralytic and mechanical ileus are difficult to differentiate using non-invasive methods, which impacts treatment decisions. The prognosis of cattle with PI is good with adequate treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12160360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}