Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica最新文献

{"title":"A survey on management of milk feeding, weaning and housing of conventional and organic dairy calves in Europe.","authors":"Nina Dam Otten, Allison Welk, Margit Bak Jensen","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00827-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00827-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To safeguard dairy calf welfare, European legislative recommendations on milk feeding practices and minimum standards on housing of calves exist. However, studies providing a general overview of common practices on milk-fed calf rearing across European countries are sparse. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of current milk feeding and housing practices for dairy calves in conventional and organic herds across European countries. Forty-five respondents with extensive knowledge about dairy production and calf rearing from 25 countries and regions were invited to an online questionnaire regarding farm demographics, management of the newborn calves, milk feeding and housing practices of calves 1-4 weeks of age and 5-8 weeks of age, and weaning practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 21 respondents from 15 countries and regions responded to the survey. The survey suggests that in conventional herds most calves spent a limited time with the dam after birth (≤ 12 h) with longer durations found in organic herds (> 2 days). Calves 1-4 weeks of age are reported to be commonly housed in individual pens and fed 6-8 L/day in two daily feedings. In most countries and regions, less than 25% of the herds are reported to be practicing ad libitum milk feeding. In most countries and regions, teat buckets or teat bars are reported to be used for milk feeding. In countries and regions where open buckets or troughs are more common, access to permanently mounted artificial dry teats (dummy teats) was typically provided. Calves 5-8 weeks of age are reported to be predominantly group housed and fed 8-10 L/day in two daily feedings with once a day milk feeding occurring more frequently in calves within this age group. Weaning was reported to be most frequently initiated between 8 and 10 weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the respondents' evaluations the survey suggests that there are discrepancies between recommendations based on research and the current practices regarding milk allowance and feeding frequency, and weaning. Legislative or industry regulations on timing of separation from the dam, milk type, or weaning age are primarily implemented for organic production systems in a smaller proportion of countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implant removal rate and contributing factors following pancarpal arthrodesis in 42 dogs (52 cases): a multicentric retrospective study.","authors":"Hélène Dosseray, Paolo Camilletti, Lou Shana Elbaz, Emilie Hanot, Guillaume Ragetly, Bertrand Pucheu, Laetitia Boland, Kévin Minier","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00829-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00829-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite advancements in pancarpal arthrodesis implants, the postoperative complication rate remains high, and implant removal is often required. This study assessed the implant removal rate following pancarpal arthrodesis and identified its associated factors. Case records of 52 pancarpal arthrodesis procedures performed on 42 dogs at three veterinary centres between 2017 and 2023 were reviewed. The collected data included signalment, medical history, surgical techniques, and postoperative follow-up, which were categorised into perioperative, short-term, mid-term, and long-term periods. Additionally, the timing and indications for implant removal were documented. Univariable logistic regression analysis was performed to analyse the data and identify factors associated with implant removal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The implant removal rate was 36.5%. The presence of orthopaedic injuries in the contralateral limb was not associated with implant removal. The interval between diagnosis and pancarpal arthrodesis was significantly associated with implant removal (mean delay: 368.5 and 47.5 days for explantation and non-explantation cases, respectively). Carpal arthrodesis angle showed a statistically significant association with explantation (median angle: 8.58° and 11.73° for explantation and non-explantation cases, respectively). Perioperative and short-term surgical site infections, perioperative and short-term cultures and sensitivities, and the need for additional perioperative antibiotic therapy showed a statistically significant association with explantation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirms the high implant removal rate following pancarpal arthrodesis. Although infection may contribute to this, prompt intervention and careful attention to the carpal arthrodesis angle intraoperatively may reduce this risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An intestinal histiocytic sarcoma in a collared peccary (Pecari tajacu): a case report.","authors":"Jael Soares Batista, Radan Elvis Matias de Oliveira, Wanderson Lucas Alves Dos Santos, Ana Caroline Freitas Caetano de Sousa, Igor Renno Guimarães Lopes, João Augusto Rodrigues Alves Diniz, Thalita Evani Silva de Oliveira, Robério Gomes Olinda, Erick Platini Ferreira de Souto, Moacir Franco de Oliveira","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00828-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00828-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research on cancer in wild animals provides important insights into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Histiocytic sarcomas comprise a rare malignant macrophage-dendritic cell lineage neoplasm in wildlife. This study reports a case of histiocytic sarcoma in the small intestine of a collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), describing its clinical, anatomopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A six-year-old male collared peccary maintained in captivity at a facility in Northeastern Brazil presented progressive weight loss, diarrhea, anorexia, dyspnea, lethargy, abdominal distension, bristled fur, and pale mucous membranes. A complete blood count indicated a mild degree of anemia and moderate leukocytosis. Treatment included anti-inflammatories and antibiotics; however, on the 18th day after initial presentation, the animal was found dead in its enclosure. An anatomopathological examination revealed that the animal exhibited poor body condition, scant body fat with a gelatinous appearance, hydrothorax, pulmonary edema, and ascites. Thickening of the duodenal wall was observed, along with the presence of a yellowish-white tumor. Histopathological examination of the affected intestinal segment revealed a neoplastic proliferation of round cells with large, hyperchromatic nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and a high mitotic index (20 mitoses per high-power field). Numerous multinucleated and binucleated giant cells were present. The neoplastic cells extensively infiltrated all layers of the intestinal wall, from the mucosa to the serosa. Immunohistochemical analysis showed strong positivity for macrophage/mononuclear phagocytic lineage markers (CD18, IBA-1, and lysozyme), while negative for T-cell (CD3), B-cell (CD79), and plasma cell (MUM1) markers. The proliferation index assessed by Ki-67 was approximately 60%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The histopathological and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the diagnosis of intestinal histiocytic sarcoma in a collared peccary, representing the first documented case of this neoplasm in this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12403295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological characterisation of omphalitis in piglets.","authors":"Sophie Amalie Blirup-Plum, Henrik Elvang Jensen, Søren Saxmose Nielsen, Katrine Top Hartmann, Mette Sif Hansen, Ken Steen Pedersen, Inge Larsen, Jens Peter Nielsen, John Elmerdahl Olsen, Egle Kudirkiene, Kristiane Barington","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00826-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-025-00826-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotic treatment of piglets after birth is commonly carried out due to concern for development of omphalitis leading to umbilical outpouchings and/or systemic infections. Among others, the portal of entry for bacterial infections includes the umbilical cord at birth. The aim was to characterise the histological and bacteriological pattern of manifestations in the umbilicus of piglets with omphalitis that died during the suckling period in a Danish herd.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 37 piglets found dead or euthanised due to sickness before weaning were included. Histopathological omphalitis was diagnosed in 13 of these piglets, and umbilical lesions and bacteria were most often observed in association with the umbilical blood vessels. Neutrophilic granulocyte infiltrations were observed in association with both umbilical arteries and the vein, occurring most frequently in the arteries. Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes were the most commonly isolated bacteria from piglets with histopathological omphalitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Omphalitis in piglets was characterized by inflammation and presence of bacteria in the umbilical arteries and to a lesser extent the umbilical vein. Inflammation in urachus was not present.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12395918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veterinarians' perceptions on African swine fever and the control measures in Estonia.","authors":"Lidiia Moskalenko, Kerli Mõtus, Arvo Viltrop","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00822-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-025-00822-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Veterinarians are key stakeholders in fighting African Swine Fever (ASF), yet their awareness, perceptions and attitudes of ASF are often unknown. This is crucial, especially in Estonia where ASF has persisted for almost 10 years. We conducted five focus groups involving 11 farm veterinarians and 4 assistants working on Estonian commercial pig farms. Using participatory methods, we revealed their awareness of ASF signs, transmission routes, and preventive measures. Furthermore, we identified perceived obstacles to the implementation and maintenance of ASF biosecurity measures and their acceptance of control measures. Finally, we investigated veterinarians' awareness of stakeholders in ASF control, their role and trust to fulfil these roles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Haemorrhages on skin, mucosa and organs, along with fever, loss of appetite, and increased mortality were frequently mentioned as first signs that would lead veterinary staff to suspect ASF infection in the herd. The highest risk of virus introduction into the herd was designated to humans, transport vehicles, and bedding. Training of people and disinfection with movement restrictions were considered the most effective measures for preventing ASF. The motivation and attitude of farm employees, and financial constraints were perceived as major obstacles impacting implementation and maintenance of ASF biosecurity measures. Herd-level ASF eradication measures were generally accepted, except for culling. The majority acknowledged its necessity, while others advocated for a case-by-case approach or suggested using the animals for food. Establishing restricted zones I, II, and III received the least acceptance, with concerns over market access, product prices, economic hardships for farmers, and inconsistencies in zoning practices across the EU. Pigkeepers and veterinary authorities were seen as the key stakeholders in ASF control, with veterinarians and pigkeepers being the most trusted to fulfil their roles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Veterinary staff demonstrated good awareness of ASF signs, transmission routes, and preventive measures. Further training in ASF control measures remains relevant in areas related to the EU and national legislation, involved parties and their roles, to ensure effective implementation and collaboration with stakeholders. This study provides insights into refining ASF communication strategies and identifying potential blind spots in biosecurity practices in Estonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections of lambs in Southwest Norway: a longitudinal study.","authors":"Tsegabirhan Kifleyohannes, Elin Skorpen, Kine Rosnes Hansen, Snorre Stuen, Lucy J Robertson","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00823-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00823-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Domestic ruminants are common hosts of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. Although both protozoan parasites are known to circulate among lambs in Norway, their epidemiology is largely unknown. This longitudinal study investigated the occurrence of both parasites in different age groups of lambs, with molecular characterisation of some isolates. Faecal samples (n = 394) were collected from lambs from 17 different flocks on three occasions. At first sampling, lambs were approximately 2-3 days old, and 160 samples were collected. On the two subsequent occasions, no additional lambs were included and samples collected were from among the lambs sampled on the first occasion. At second sampling, lambs were 14-21 days old, and 134 samples were collected. At the final sampling, lambs were 40-42 days old, and 100 samples were collected. Samples were analysed using immunofluorescent antibody staining (IFAT), with molecular characterisation of selected positive samples by PCR and sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 66 samples (17%) were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts and 61 (16%) positive for Giardia cysts by IFAT. Cryptosporidium was detected most often at the second sampling, occurring significantly more often than in younger lambs (P < 0.0001). Longitudinal investigation indicated that around 20% of lambs shedding Cryptosporidium oocysts at one sampling occasion were still infected, or had been reinfected, at the next sampling occasion. A significant increase in Giardia infection occurred with age, with a higher occurrence at the second sampling occasion than the first (P < 0.0001), and a greater occurrence at the third sampling occasion than both the first (P < 0.0001) and second (P = 0.052). For Giardia, persistent infection, or reinfection between sampling occasions, was between 25 and 40%. Associations were detected between infection status and location (Vestland or Rogaland), infection status and diarrhoea, and intensity of infection and diarrhoea. Molecular methods identified two species of Cryptosporidium (C. parvum (subtypes IIaA13G1R2 (4 samples) and IIdA20G1 (1 sample)) and C. ubiquitum, subtype XIIa (3 samples). Giardia isolates were identified as G. bovis (G. duodenalis, Assemblage E).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections occurred commonly in lambs in the three different age groups, with more positives detected at the second and third sampling (when the lambs were older) than at the first. As some lambs were positive for one or other of the parasites on two sampling occasions, prolonged infection or reinfection may occur. Molecular characterisation indicated that although the Cryptosporidium in these lambs can be of public health importance, the Giardia species identified are not considered zoonotic.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botulism in waterfowl: case report in Argentina.","authors":"María Florencia Ovelar, Germán José Cantón, Jorge Pablo García, María Belén Riccio, Alicia Raquel Rodríguez, María Isabel Farace, Ignacio Alvarez","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00824-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00824-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Botulism, a severe neuroparalytic disease caused by the botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, poses significant threats to wild birds. This study describes a natural outbreak of type C botulism in waterfowl in the surroundings of a lagoon in Saavedra, Buenos Aires province, Argentina, during January 2021. The outbreak, affecting approximately 300 birds, was attributed to environmental conditions that allowed the proliferation of C. botulinum. Clinical signs included progressive weakness, paresis, flaccid paralysis, difficulties in locomotion and swimming, \"limbing neck\", and nictitating membrane protrusion. No gross lesions were observed during autopsies, but mild congestion, hemorrhage, and pulmonary edema were noted microscopically. Toxin type C was detected in feces, serum samples, and lagoon water, confirming the diagnosis. This is the first documented report of waterfowl botulism in central Argentina and highlights the impact that delayed detection can have on bird populations.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Botulism, a severe neuroparalytic disease caused by Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins, poses a significant risk to wild birds, especially waterfowl and their ecosystems. Recent trends show an increase in botulism outbreaks in wild birds, likely influenced by climate change impacting environmental factors. Unlike in humans, there is often a lack of regulation and surveillance of botulism in wild birds worldwide.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>In January 2021, an outbreak of neurological disease characterized by locomotion difficulties, led to the deaths of approximately 300 waterfowl. Results confirmed BoNTs type C establishing the cause of the mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This botulism outbreak underscores the critical need for early detection and intervention to prevent significant losses in wild bird populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144797945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-farm testing of reduced animal welfare demands on productivity and welfare in pig production.","authors":"Per Wallgren, Stefan Gunnarsson","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00825-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00825-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Swedish animal welfare requirements exceed those of EU, which may have contributed to decreased pig production in Sweden since joining EU. On request from stakeholders, the Swedish Board of Agriculture allowed testing effects of reduced welfare demands on pig production for one year. This included weaning before 28 days at individual level, temporary confinements of sows during farrowing and mating, and increased stocking density of growers. The intervention period lasted for one year, and the productivity was compared with the preceding year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A reduced mean weaning age from 32 to 27 days did not have a significant effect on piglet welfare measures but the annual number of piglets weaned per sow increased by 1.3. Temporary confinement of sows at farrowing had no significant effect on piglet mortality or productivity, but the confinement reduced sow welfare. Temporary confinement of sows during mating did not improve sow productivity. Instead, hygiene and welfare decreased due to the confinement. Decreased stocking density by 10% compared with Swedish requirements had no significant effect on welfare measures. Nor did weight gain differ from the previous year. However, increased batch size of fatteners increased the incidence of respiratory lesions at slaughter, impaired growth and feed conversion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Simulations assured that over 90% of the piglets were older than 25 days in batches weaned at a mean age of 28 days. As piglets mature from three to four weeks of age, this was important for piglet welfare. Short-term confinement of sows at farrowing or mating decreased sow welfare due to the confinement while no significant increase in piglet productivity was found. An increased stocking density by 10% of weaners and growers did not affect welfare measures but increased the number of potential disease transmissions between pigs by 22% due to increased batch sizes. When batch size increased, respiratory lesions at slaughter increased and productivity decreased. Based on the results, the Board of Agriculture allowed herds to wean at a mean age of 28 days provided they complied with special requirements. Except for this, the minimal legal requirements of pig welfare in Sweden remained unchanged.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovarian follicular responses to estrus and ovulation synchronization protocols in East African Shorthorn Zebu cattle.","authors":"Patrick Mawadri, Tonny Balemwa, Denis Rwabiita Mugizi, Patrick Vudriko, Benon Mbabazi Kanyima, Charles Lagu, David Okello-Owiny, James Okwee-Acai, Maria Gorretti Nassuna-Musoke","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00821-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00821-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The East African Shorthorn Zebu (SHZ) is a Bos indicus breed adapted to tropical farming systems characterized by compromised feeding, welfare and harsh environments, contributing to poor reproductive performance. Estrus and ovulation synchronization protocols developed to enhance reproduction in Bos taurus have not achieved similar success in SHZ. This study evaluated effects of 7-day Co-synch + progesterone releasing intravaginal device (7-day Co-synch + P4ID; n = 17), Bee-Synch I (n = 17), and Bee-Synch II (n = 17) protocols on dominant follicle (DF) diameters, estrus and ovulation in 51 SHZ cows on extensive management. Estrus was monitored through observation and aids, while ultrasonography measured ovarian DF and corpus luteum (CL) diameters. Generalized linear models were used to compare means across protocols at 95% confidence level using R.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DF diameters increased by 0.05 mm for every hour from P4ID withdrawal irrespective of protocol (P < 0.001). Mean DF diameters at P4ID withdrawal were 6.015 ± 0.903, 4.93 ± 0.737 and 7.31 ± 0.613 mm for 7-day Co-synch + P4ID, Bee synch I and Bee synch II respectively and the difference between Bee synch I and Bee synch II were significant (P.adj = 0.044). At last gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration time, DF diameters were 8.76 ± 0.725, 7.29 ± 0.505, and 9.68 ± 0.521 mm for 7-day Co-synch + P4ID, Bee synch I and Bee synch II respectively, with significant differences between Bee-Synch I and Bee-Synch II (P-adj = 0.016). Mean preovulatory DF diameters were 10.64 ± 0.333, 8.97 ± 0.335 and 10.30 ± 0.236 mm for the 7-day Co-synch + P4ID, Bee synch I and for Bee synch II respectively, with significant differences between Bee-synch I and 7-day Co-synch + P4ID (P.adj = 0.011) and between Bee-Synch I and Bee-Synch II (P.adj = 0.008). Estrus expression rates were not significantly different and 47%, 41.2% and 58.8% for 7-day Co-synch + P4ID, Bee synch I and Bee synch II respectively, while ovulation rates were 41.2%, 52.94% and 82.35% respectively. Mean ovulation times and last GnRH to ovulation intervals were significantly longer for both 7-day Co-synch + P4ID and Bee synch II than for Bee synch I.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bee synch II and 7-day Co-synch + P4ID outperformed Bee synch I presenting opportunities for fertility improvement in SHZ. The results highlight the need for tailored fixed-time estrus and ovulation synchronization protocols to enhance fertility in B. indicus cattle under tropical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144726358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcutaneous Dirofilaria repens infection in an imported dog in Denmark.","authors":"Kurt Buchmann, Per Walter Kania, Per Johansen","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00820-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00820-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The filarioid nematode Dirofilaria repens infects mainly dogs and is transmitted by vector mosquitoes when biting the definitive host. The parasite has mainly been reported from Eastern and Southern Europe, but during recent decades it has expanded its geographic range to some countries in Central and Northern Europe. Here, we report the finding of a fully mature female D. repens in a dog in Denmark.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A female specimen of the filarioid nematode Dirofilaria repens (superfamily Filarioidea, family Onchocercidae) was isolated from a ruptured subcutaneous nodule in an 18 months old Border Collie on the Danish island of Bornholm. The dog was born in Italy, where it lived for the first 3 months of its life, whereafter it was imported to Denmark via Switzerland. Species diagnosis was based on molecular methods (Polymerase chain reaction PCR and sequencing of ribosomal DNA (rDNA, ITS) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, COX1, NADH) in combination with morphometric characterization. The viviparous nematode was relatively small (total length 102 mm, broadest width 0.6 mm). It had a prominent uterus containing numerous eggs at different embryonation stages, some of which showed fully developed microfilariae.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dirofilaria repens was originally reported from Southern Europe and Asia, but during recent decades, it expanded its distribution area northwards, allowing autochthonous transmission to occur in Germany, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland. The present report provides the first description from Denmark of a fully mature female worm in a dog imported from Italy. Known vectors include species of mosquitoes within the genera Aedes, Anopheles Coquillettidia and Culex, which are endemic in Denmark, reflecting the risk of future autochthonous transmission also in Denmark, where climatic conditions now allow larval development in the vectors. Although suspected to be an imported case, it cannot be excluded that the infection was contracted in Denmark.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12211724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}