Emma Thilén, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Sofia Tengstrand, Florian Pfaff, Jonas Johansson Wensman, Cecilia Ley
{"title":"自 20 世纪 70 年代以来,瑞典出现了与沙丁胺病毒相关的猫蹒跚病的证据。","authors":"Emma Thilén, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Sofia Tengstrand, Florian Pfaff, Jonas Johansson Wensman, Cecilia Ley","doi":"10.1186/s13028-024-00783-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Staggering disease (SD) is a severe neurological disease that has been regularly reported in Swedish cats since the beginning of the 1970s. The aetiology of SD has been debated, but novel rustrela virus (RusV) was recently suggested as the causative agent in Swedish cases dating from 2017 onwards. However, whether RusV was associated with earlier cases of feline SD in Sweden remained unknown. Further, presence of RusV in extraneural tissues of RusV-infected cats and viral transmission routes for RusV are still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the presence of RusV in nervous tissue of historical cases of plausible feline SD in Sweden, dating back to the 1970s, as well as the presence of RusV in selected extraneural tissues. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain and spinal cord from 14 encephalitic cats matching the criteria for SD based on clinical and pathological records, and five non-encephalitic control cats were screened for the presence of RusV antigen and RNA using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. Extraneural presence of RusV antigen was investigated by IHC in four known RusV-positive cats. Morphologic changes were evaluated using light microscopy. In addition, the 14 encephalitic cats were tested for Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) RNA by RT-qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Morphologic findings compatible with SD were confirmed in 13 of 14 encephalitic cats. All 13 cats were RusV-positive by IHC and 12 of them also by RT-qPCR. One encephalitic cat, morphologically and clinically untypical of SD, as well as all control cats tested negative for RusV RNA and showed either negative or uncertain RusV immunolabeling. There was no firm evidence of extraneural presence of RusV. All encephalitic cats were negative for BoDV-1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We show that RusV has infected cats in Sweden as far back as the 1970s, whereas BoDV-1 was not detected in any of the investigated cats. This further strengthens RusV as the causative agent of feline SD. Our findings suggest that RusV is strongly neurotropic in cats and that the cat may represent a dead-end host. Further investigations into the pathogenesis of RusV-associated meningoencephalomyelitis in cats are warranted, including disease transmission, pathophysiologic responses and mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"66 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585236/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Evidence of rustrela virus-associated feline staggering disease in Sweden since the 1970s.\",\"authors\":\"Emma Thilén, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Sofia Tengstrand, Florian Pfaff, Jonas Johansson Wensman, Cecilia Ley\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s13028-024-00783-5\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Staggering disease (SD) is a severe neurological disease that has been regularly reported in Swedish cats since the beginning of the 1970s. The aetiology of SD has been debated, but novel rustrela virus (RusV) was recently suggested as the causative agent in Swedish cases dating from 2017 onwards. However, whether RusV was associated with earlier cases of feline SD in Sweden remained unknown. Further, presence of RusV in extraneural tissues of RusV-infected cats and viral transmission routes for RusV are still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the presence of RusV in nervous tissue of historical cases of plausible feline SD in Sweden, dating back to the 1970s, as well as the presence of RusV in selected extraneural tissues. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain and spinal cord from 14 encephalitic cats matching the criteria for SD based on clinical and pathological records, and five non-encephalitic control cats were screened for the presence of RusV antigen and RNA using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. Extraneural presence of RusV antigen was investigated by IHC in four known RusV-positive cats. Morphologic changes were evaluated using light microscopy. In addition, the 14 encephalitic cats were tested for Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) RNA by RT-qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Morphologic findings compatible with SD were confirmed in 13 of 14 encephalitic cats. All 13 cats were RusV-positive by IHC and 12 of them also by RT-qPCR. One encephalitic cat, morphologically and clinically untypical of SD, as well as all control cats tested negative for RusV RNA and showed either negative or uncertain RusV immunolabeling. There was no firm evidence of extraneural presence of RusV. All encephalitic cats were negative for BoDV-1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We show that RusV has infected cats in Sweden as far back as the 1970s, whereas BoDV-1 was not detected in any of the investigated cats. This further strengthens RusV as the causative agent of feline SD. Our findings suggest that RusV is strongly neurotropic in cats and that the cat may represent a dead-end host. Further investigations into the pathogenesis of RusV-associated meningoencephalomyelitis in cats are warranted, including disease transmission, pathophysiologic responses and mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7181,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica\",\"volume\":\"66 1\",\"pages\":\"59\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585236/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-024-00783-5\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-024-00783-5","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Evidence of rustrela virus-associated feline staggering disease in Sweden since the 1970s.
Background: Staggering disease (SD) is a severe neurological disease that has been regularly reported in Swedish cats since the beginning of the 1970s. The aetiology of SD has been debated, but novel rustrela virus (RusV) was recently suggested as the causative agent in Swedish cases dating from 2017 onwards. However, whether RusV was associated with earlier cases of feline SD in Sweden remained unknown. Further, presence of RusV in extraneural tissues of RusV-infected cats and viral transmission routes for RusV are still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the presence of RusV in nervous tissue of historical cases of plausible feline SD in Sweden, dating back to the 1970s, as well as the presence of RusV in selected extraneural tissues. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain and spinal cord from 14 encephalitic cats matching the criteria for SD based on clinical and pathological records, and five non-encephalitic control cats were screened for the presence of RusV antigen and RNA using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. Extraneural presence of RusV antigen was investigated by IHC in four known RusV-positive cats. Morphologic changes were evaluated using light microscopy. In addition, the 14 encephalitic cats were tested for Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) RNA by RT-qPCR.
Results: Morphologic findings compatible with SD were confirmed in 13 of 14 encephalitic cats. All 13 cats were RusV-positive by IHC and 12 of them also by RT-qPCR. One encephalitic cat, morphologically and clinically untypical of SD, as well as all control cats tested negative for RusV RNA and showed either negative or uncertain RusV immunolabeling. There was no firm evidence of extraneural presence of RusV. All encephalitic cats were negative for BoDV-1.
Conclusions: We show that RusV has infected cats in Sweden as far back as the 1970s, whereas BoDV-1 was not detected in any of the investigated cats. This further strengthens RusV as the causative agent of feline SD. Our findings suggest that RusV is strongly neurotropic in cats and that the cat may represent a dead-end host. Further investigations into the pathogenesis of RusV-associated meningoencephalomyelitis in cats are warranted, including disease transmission, pathophysiologic responses and mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction.
期刊介绍:
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica is an open access journal encompassing all aspects of veterinary research and medicine of domestic and wild animals.