Acta Informatica Medica最新文献

{"title":"The Recent Advances of Mobile Healthcare in Cardiology Practice.","authors":"Shynar Kulbayeva,&nbsp;Karlygash Tazhibayeva,&nbsp;Laura Seiduanova,&nbsp;Indira Smagulova,&nbsp;Aiman Mussina,&nbsp;Shynar Tanabayeva,&nbsp;Ildar Fakhradiyev,&nbsp;Timur Saliev","doi":"10.5455/aim.2022.30.236-250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2022.30.236-250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Digitalization of healthcare led to the optimization of monitoring, diagnostics, and treatment of the range of disorders. Taking into account recent situation with COVID-19 pandemics, digital technologies allowed to improve management of viral infections via remote monitoring and diagnostics of infected patients. Up to date, various mobile health applications (apps) have been proposed, including apps for the patients diagnosed with cardiovascular pathologies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The presented review aimed at the analyses of a range of mHealth solutions used to improve primary cardiac care. In addition, we studied the factors driving and hindering the wide introduction of mHealth services in the clinics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The work was based on the guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. The publication search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Studies published during the period from 2014 until January 2022 were selected for the analysis. The evaluation of risk of bias for the included studies was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>An overall 5513 studies were assessed for eligibility after which 39 studies were included.. The main trend in the mobile health for cardiological applications is the use of different types of wearable devices and Artificial Intelligence-platforms. In fact, mobile technology allows remotely to monitor, interpret, and analyze biomedical data collected from the patient.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this literature search demonstrated that patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disorders can potentially benefit from the application of mHealth in cardiology. However, despite the proven advantages of mHealth for cardiology, there are many challenges and concerns regarding effectiveness, safety, reliability and the lack of official regulation and guidelines from official organizations. Such issues require solutions and further work towards a wide implementation of mHealth technologies in cardiac practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":7074,"journal":{"name":"Acta Informatica Medica","volume":" ","pages":"236-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/95/3d/AIM-30-236.PMC9559778.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40670950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Assessment Metabolic Markers and Cardio Risk Index Among Controlled and Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Primary Health Clinics in Medan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia: Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Rusdiana Rusdiana,&nbsp;Ahmad Moradi,&nbsp;Sry Suryani Widjaja,&nbsp;Mila Hayati Daulay,&nbsp;Rusmalawaty Rusmalawaty","doi":"10.5455/aim.2022.30.201-204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2022.30.201-204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder affecting people worldwide. Diabetes mellitus has been known to be associated with lipid metabolic disorders and macrovascular and microvascular complications.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assesses the correlation between cardio risk index and metabolic markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted on type 2 diabetes mellitus with the cross-sectional analytic method. The inclusion criteria of the samples were all the patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus of both sexes. We recorded Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure, disease duration, and family history. The laboratory parameters, including Fasting Blood Sugar, Hba1c, HDL, LDL, TG, and Cholesterol, were examined by Paramita Laboratory Clinic. The data of the samples were processed using a computer with the SPSS program..</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significantly different mean of age, abdominal circumference, FBG, Hba1c, cardio risk index, and HDL controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes groups, but the mean cholesterol and LDL levels were not different in the two groups.At uncontrolled type 2 diabetic we found that there was a significant correlation between the cardio risk index with Cholesterol (r= 0.3 p=0,004), triglycerides (r=0.5 p=0,001), and negative correlation cardio risk index with HDL (r= -0.5 p=0.012). There was no significant correlation between the cardio risk index with LDL (r=0.157 p=0.101).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hba1c and FBS are higher in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes accompanied by lipid profile and cardio risk index levels that are higher than expected values are the risk of complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":7074,"journal":{"name":"Acta Informatica Medica","volume":" ","pages":"201-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/45/AIM-30-201.PMC9559990.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40443331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Toll-Like Receptor 7 Gene Polymorphism and ABO Blood Groups on the Severity of COVID-19 Patients.","authors":"Zainab H D Al-Tamimi, Abdulsamie H Alta'ee, Ahmed H Jasim","doi":"10.5455/aim.2022.30.191-195","DOIUrl":"10.5455/aim.2022.30.191-195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The most current threat to global health is the continuous spread of a respiratory disease known as COVID-19 Disease 2019 in recent years. COVID-19 was recognized in December 2019. It was quickly determined that a novel COVID-19 virus, which is structurally linked to the virus that causes the severe acute respiratory syndrome, was to cause (SARS).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of effect between the rs179008 (A/T) SNP polymorphism in TLR7 gene and blood group on the severity of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 90 patients divided into three groups mild, moderate, severe, and experimental research work was conducted during the period of sample collection extended from November 2021 to February, PCR-RFLP technique was used to determine SNP rs179008 polymorphism in TLR7 in the blood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A present study found non-significant differences between patient groups for TLR7 rs179008 (A, T) allele were (p=0.79152) for mild to moderate and severe, (p=0.84872) for mild and moderate and (p=0.58741) for mild and severe. When comparison (AA, AT, TT) genotypes in three groups found a significant difference between mild and moderate groups (p=0.036) for the AA genotype. Found (A blood group) more frequency than other groups but observes no significant difference between patients' group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that the (AA) genotype for TLR7 rs179008 polymorphism was a risk factor and effect on severity of COVID-19 infection, so (AA) can consider an independent risk factor for development of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":7074,"journal":{"name":"Acta Informatica Medica","volume":" ","pages":"191-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/af/c9/AIM-30-191.PMC9559784.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40443329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Most Influential Scientists in the Development of Medical Informatics (33): Wesley Allison Clark (1927-2016).","authors":"Izet Masic","doi":"10.5455/aim.2022.30.251-252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2022.30.251-252","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":7074,"journal":{"name":"Acta Informatica Medica","volume":" ","pages":"251-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/fe/AIM-30-251.PMC9559876.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40443328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing a Graduate Certificate in Health Informatics: Need Assessment and Competency-Based Framework.","authors":"Abdullah Alanazi,&nbsp;Mohamud Mohamud,&nbsp;Bakheet Aldosari","doi":"10.5455/aim.2022.30.184-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2022.30.184-190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health Informatics is an indispensable science in light of the massive reform healthcare has undertaken recently.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Health Informatics is an indispensable science in light of the massive reform healthcare has undertaken recently.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive multiphase study used a questionnaire to assess the need and applied a competency-based postgraduate curriculum to collect the required competencies as well as their proficiency levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty percent of the respondents agreed that the current training should be advanced. 73.7% of the respondents agreed that this certificate would improve the level of knowledge, and it would impact on the delivery of healthcare positively (78.9%). For the required competencies, 10 competencies scored 1.75 and above, 22 scored between 1.5 and 1.75 and 22 scored below 1.50. The expert panel came to an agreement that the competencies with 1.5 and above should be included.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings emphasize the need to establish PG diploma in comply with previous studies that unveiled the need to provide education and training in Health Informatics. Only the required competencies were included as the program is one-year long. The selected competencies were validated and presented by the panel.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A PG diploma in Health Informatics is a key element in the evolution of healthcare services, therefore, a competency-based framework was provided and validated by experts.</p>","PeriodicalId":7074,"journal":{"name":"Acta Informatica Medica","volume":" ","pages":"184-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a2/41/AIM-30-184.PMC9559878.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40443332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Decision Making - an Overview.","authors":"Izet Masic","doi":"10.5455/aim.2022.30.230-235","DOIUrl":"10.5455/aim.2022.30.230-235","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Medical professionals (doctors and other medical staff) in the field of healthcare everyday must make calculated decisions which have important consequences, impacting patients on the individual level, local (community), national or global level. Healthcare professionals must at times make these choices with limited information, resources, and knowledge, and yet is is expected that these decisions are highly calculated and accurate. It is important to familiarise oneself with the exact definitions regarding medical decision making.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this study was to describe application of the most important rules to help decision makers to be good or excellent decision makers in medical practice at every level of health care system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The author used descriptive method of explanation teoretical and practical issues regarding application of od decision making processes in the praxis, based on searchied scientific literature about this topic deposited in online databases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results and discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;The author of this paper discussed about important topics: a) the importance of medical decision in emergency situations; b) the varies of decision making with solving problems by medical professionals; c) the limitations when it comes to medical decison making; and d) what doctors need to follow regarding decision making in the praxis. Two factors that have influenced to the decision process: a) degree of uncertainty about future events; b) usefulness of outcomes in any particular case. The clinical decision problem analysis process demands: a) explicit formalization of a decision making problem or the description of the medical problem decision with a registration of all possible actions which have to be undertaken and registration of all the possible so determined outcomes. b) construction of the decision tree which presents all described actions and outcomes with predictions of the probabilities and the choice of the most optimal action based on the probability outcome and its use. Doing this allows us to delve deeper into more intricate options present within medical decision making. Simple put, a decision is a choice between two options. The person or entity conducting that decision is the decision maker. The exact definition is \"Under the decision should imply some specific action which is selected from several variables or which satisfies the expectation that is previously set\".Many different factors and individuals may be involved in medical decision making, with varying consequences, according to different players and settings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;A vital component of medical decision making is evaluation. Decision makers must concisely evaluate situations, in order to make better choices. For example, when examining a health care system, their decisions should consider the following questions, such as, what is the healt","PeriodicalId":7074,"journal":{"name":"Acta Informatica Medica","volume":" ","pages":"230-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c7/e8/AIM-30-230.PMC9560052.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40443333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a Model of Big Health Care Data Analytics in Panama: Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Denis Cedeno-Moreno,&nbsp;Gaspar DA Costa-Foster,&nbsp;Miguel Vargas-Lombardo","doi":"10.5455/aim.2022.30.196-200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2022.30.196-200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A growing number of mobile applications have been designed for the chronic disease patient as the primary user. Mobile health applications for self-care have the potential to help patients living with chronic conditions such as kidney disease, and can be used to manage aspects such as the consumption of substances that are harmful to health. Chronic kidney disease causes significant morbidity throughout Panama, and is also responsible for an increase in cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this paper, we present a review of the applications offered by the Android store, based on a search and selection of the most efficient options that fulfill a set of criteria and functionalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluate a big health data model in terms of its usefulness for studies, research and projections of Panamanian patients with this chronic disease.</p><p><strong>Results and discusion: </strong>We present a mobile application based on the most important standards and functionalities for the Panamanian population affected by this disease. Our analysis also highlights the importance of mobile applications for the self-care of chronic diseases and their usefulness to both patients and health care providers, since they can support better health habits and give good results in terms of following a diet, promoting a healthy lifestyle, and encouraging physical activity. The analysis presented here will form the basis for the development of an application that will be simple, user-friendly and powerful, in the sense that it will empower patients with the resources they need for self-care. .</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mobile applications are found to show promise for the self-care of chronic conditions, and can improve the quality of life of Panamanian patients. In addition, we intend to develop a data repository for scientific research within Central America.</p>","PeriodicalId":7074,"journal":{"name":"Acta Informatica Medica","volume":" ","pages":"196-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d6/0a/AIM-30-196.PMC9559994.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40443327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Personality Traits and Violence Involvement -a Study of High School Students in Northern Iraq.","authors":"Pakstan Faiq Mohamedamin,&nbsp;Nabi Fatahi","doi":"10.5455/aim.2022.30.213-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2022.30.213-219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>violence is considered to be a global phenomenon; committing violence significantly impacts individuals physical and psychological states. There are several risk factors for increasing violence, of which personality traits represent the most substantial risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>the current research aims to examine the association among the 'big five' risk factors and involvement in violence among high school students in the <i>north of Iraq</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample comprised 468 students, 242 boys, and 226 girls aged 16 to 20. Two self-report instruments were used for data collection. Firstly, we divided the Maudsly Violence Questionnaire into two factors: acceptance of violence and machismo. Secondly, we used the Big Five Inventory, which includes questions on extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, consciousness, and openness.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>the result showed a significant positive correlation between extraversion, neuroticism, and violence involvement. Agreeableness, openness, and consciousness were negatively correlated. In terms of demographic variables, the findings suggest that boys are more likely to be involved in violence than girls. The results indicated that personality traits neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness, and consciousness predicted violence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>personality traits significantly impact individuals' behaviors that reflect their lives. The potential for violence is a predictor for detecting and preventing violent actions and could be used in many justices and governmental systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":7074,"journal":{"name":"Acta Informatica Medica","volume":" ","pages":"213-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/49/a2/AIM-30-213.PMC9560051.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40443330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Small Non-Coding RNA (miRNA) Expression Pattern of Fertile/Infertile Male Semen.","authors":"Yasir Haider Al-Mawlah,&nbsp;Mustafa Nuhad Al-Darraji,&nbsp;Mustafa Jawad Al-Imari","doi":"10.5455/aim.2022.30.205-212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2022.30.205-212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infertility is a serious health issue that affects people all around the world. One of the most common reasons for male infertility is sperm abnormalities. Researchers and scientists have been searching for a novel genetic marker to detect or recognize the genetic malfunction that causes sperm abnormalities. Micro-RNA (miRNAs) are small non-coded RNA molecules that present intra and extra-cellular and regulate gene expression.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This studies began to search for a relation between miRNA expression levels and other diseases that may be related to them, considering that the main role of miRNAs was the down-regulation of genes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The main technique used in this study was to synthesize a complementary DNA (cDNA) (revers transcription method) of extracted total RNA by TRIzol then amplification of candidates' miRNAs genes by Reverse Transcriptase Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction RT-qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies found that miRNAs have a role in defining sperm qualities such as sperm count, motility, and shape. In this study, we chose the most miRNAs referred to in the previous study as a potential seminal fluid marker (miR-10a, miR-10b, miR-135a and miR-135b) to test them as potential infertility-related miRNAs markers (Asthenospermia AS, Oligospermia OS, Astheno-Oligospermia ASOS) in addition to health normal sperm NS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the main aim of this study was to find the miRNAs expression pattern to find a way to help scientists track the genetic causes of male infertility issues and a novel method to distinguish infertility genetically diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings may serve as a potential genetic marker for male infertility and provide a background for future research that targeted miRNAs as a molecular marker for medical and forensic fields, also as an infertility disease potential treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7074,"journal":{"name":"Acta Informatica Medica","volume":" ","pages":"205-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9e/61/AIM-30-205.PMC9559773.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40670948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Various Patterns of Personal Listening Devices on Hearing Among University Students in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Reem Alshamrani,&nbsp;Fatimah Altheeb,&nbsp;Haya Almasaoud,&nbsp;Asma Alghamdi,&nbsp;Rabia Latif,&nbsp;Nazish Rafique,&nbsp;Amal AlShaikh Sulaiman","doi":"10.5455/aim.2022.30.225-229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2022.30.225-229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The long-term use of earphones at high volume levels is a major risk factor for noise-induced hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the hearing of university students who use personal listening devices (PLDs) at extremes (upper & lower quartiles) with respect to a) Duration of use/day b) The number of years since use c) Volume level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, at Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University (IAU), from September 2021 to April 2022. An online survey was distributed among IAU medical students on the subjects' patterns of earphone use. Forty participants volunteered to participate in the hearing tests: Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA), Tympanometry, and Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission (TEOAEs) at the ENT clinic of the King Fahd Hospital of the University (KFHU).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pure tone audiometry and TEOAE showed no significant differences in the hearing thresholds/levels of participants in upper quartiles vs lower quartiles of both ears, in any of the PLD use pattern categories. However, in the TEOAE two observation were detected: a) Significantly lower amplitude in the upper quartile of the category \"duration of PLD use/day\" at a frequency of 1.0 kHz in the left ear (p-value 0.04) b) Significantly lower amplitude in the upper quartile of the category \"volume of PLD use\" at a frequency of 1.0 kHz in the left ear (p-value 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present findings suggest that hearing threshold/level and cochlear outer hair cells' functions do not differ significantly in the participants belonging to the upper and lower quartiles of PLD use pattern (volume level, duration of use/day, and the number of years since use).</p>","PeriodicalId":7074,"journal":{"name":"Acta Informatica Medica","volume":" ","pages":"225-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1b/58/AIM-30-225.PMC9560056.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40670951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}