Metals and Materials International最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Ce concentration on in-vitro bio-corrosion and cytocompatibility of Mg–1Mn–xCe alloys","authors":"Subhrajit Patnaik,&nbsp;Lipika Rani Bairi,&nbsp;Darothi Bairagi,&nbsp;Ranjeet Kumar,&nbsp;Manas Paliwal,&nbsp;Mithun Palit,&nbsp;Sumantra Mandal","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-02084-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-02084-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the influence of Ce concentration on the in-vitro bio-corrosion behavior, product film characteristics, and cytocompatibility of Mg–1Mn–<i>x</i>Ce alloys (<i>x</i> <span>(=)</span> 0.5, 1, 3 wt%) in as-cast (AC) and as-homogenized (AH) conditions. The addition of Ce led to the formation of Mg₁₂Ce intermetallic phases, with increasing Ce content resulting in coarser and more interconnected precipitates. The AC Mg–1Mn–0.5Ce alloy underwent minimal dissolution due to the presence of fine and scattered precipitates, resulting in insufficient product film formation. In contrast, the AC Mg–1Mn–3Ce alloy displayed a semi-continuous secondary phase network that induced severe localized dissolution and non-uniform film formation. The AC Mg–1Mn–1Ce alloy exhibited the most favourable corrosion performance among the AC specimens, forming a compact and uniform product layer due to optimally sized and distributed precipitates. Homogenization treatment improved corrosion resistance across all compositions by altering secondary phase characteristics through solute redistribution. Notably, the AH Mg–1Mn–0.5Ce alloy demonstrated the highest corrosion resistance, attributed to the formation of fine, uniformly distributed Mg₁₂Ce precipitates that supported the development of a stable, hydroxyapatite (HAp)-rich corrosion layer. This HAp layer enhanced cytocompatibility by promoting cell adhesion and proliferation through structural similarity with natural bone mineral. The study provides comprehensive insights into the dual role of Ce concentration and homogenization treatment in tuning microstructural features to control corrosion behavior and improve biocompatibility. These findings offer a promising direction for designing biodegradable magnesium alloys with enhanced performance for biomedical implant applications.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"32 6","pages":"2123 - 2152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148060766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic Study on the Deoxidation of Blister Copper Using Hydrogen Gas Bubbling","authors":"So-Yeong Lee,&nbsp;Jungshin Kang,&nbsp;Ho-Sang Sohn","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-02060-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-02060-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the deoxidation rate of blister copper (Cu) using hydrogen (H₂) – argon (Ar) and H₂ gas bubbling. By introducing an H₂ – Ar mixed gas through a submerged lance, the deoxidation reaction occurs at the reaction interface during the rise of gas bubbles. Experiments were conducted at 1473 K, with a total gas flow rate of 0.5 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.5 × 10⁻⁵ m³·s⁻¹ and an initial H₂ partial pressure of 0.2 to 1.0 atm. The deoxidation rate equation of Cu melt was derived based on the two-film model, considering the mass transfer of dissolved oxygen (O) through the liquid boundary layer and the counter-diffusion of H₂ and H₂O through the gas boundary layer. Additionally, the change in the mass transfer resistances under different reaction conditions was analyzed to investigate the transition of the rate-controlling step. The derived model for the Cu deoxidation rate was validated against the experimental results and showed good agreement. The rate-controlling step successively changed from mass transfer in the gas boundary layer of H₂ to mixed-rate control phase and finally to a mass transfer of O in the liquid boundary layer. Under the conditions used in this study, a lower H₂ partial pressure increased deoxidation efficiency in the latter stage by promoting more complete H₂ consumption within individual bubbles.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"32 5","pages":"1687 - 1699"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hot Corrosion Study of Dual-CNT Reinforced Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings on Additively Manufactured IN718","authors":"Sumit Choudhary,&nbsp;Vidit Gaur","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-02127-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-02127-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the hot corrosion behavior of atmospheric plasma-sprayed lanthanum zirconate coatings, with and without 2 wt% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforcement, on additively manufactured Inconel 718 substrates. The coated samples were exposed to Na₂SO₄–V₂O₅ molten salt at 1130 °C for 10, 20, and 40 h. CNTs reinforcement in both the topcoat and the bond coat significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance. In CNTs-free coatings, molten salt penetrated the full coating thickness (~ 400 µm, i.e., nearly 100%). With CNTs introduced in the bond coat alone, infiltration was limited to ~ 300 µm (≈75% of the coating thickness), whereas reinforcement in both layers further reduced penetration to ~ 50 µm (≈12.5% of the coating thickness). The residual compressive stresses were relaxed from – 300 MPa to – 100 MPa, thus reducing the stress mismatch at the coating/substrate interface. Simultaneously, CNTs increased the coating density from ~ 88% to ~ 95% by mitigating unmelted particles, pores, and cracks. Structural analysis indicated that CNT-reinforced coatings retained metastable tetragonal ZrO₂ and suppressed volatilization of La₂O₂, correlating with a roughly twofold enhancement in hot-corrosion resistance. These findings highlight the effectiveness of CNTs in enhancing the microstructural integrity and hot corrosion resistance of lanthanum zirconate thermal barrier coatings, thereby improving their durability in high-temperature corrosive environments.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"32 8","pages":"2742 - 2762"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148366064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties in Laser Welded AZ31/5A06 Dissimilar Joints with In-situ AlCrTiV Multi-principal Element Alloy Interlayer","authors":"Jun Zhou,&nbsp;Congyi Liang,&nbsp;Huoqing Lu,&nbsp;Haozhong Lin,&nbsp;Nengru Tao,&nbsp;Yu Long,&nbsp;Xugao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-02130-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-02130-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the laser welding of Mg/Al dissimilar alloys, the existence of brittle Mg–Al intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the joint interface has been identified as the main factor affecting the mechanical properties of welded joints. Multiprincipal element alloys (MPEAs) are excellent interlayer materials. However, their high cost and limited variety restrict their applications as interlayer materials. This study employed elementally blended powders of Ti, V, and Cr to execute laser welding trials on the lap joints of Mg/Al dissimilar alloys within situ-synthesized MPEA as the interlayer. The effects of different laser powers and welding speeds on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the lap joints were analyzed, and the interfacial metallurgical products were calculated and discussed. Our results indicate that molten Ti, V, and Cr successfully underwent a metallurgical reaction with Al derived from the melted aluminum alloy parent material under optimal laser welding parameters, leading to the in-situ formation of the AlCrTiV phase. When the interlayer of the specimens is composed of the AlCrTiV phase, it acts as a barrier to significantly impede the extensive diffusion of Mg and effectively curtail the formation of Mg–Al IMCs, thereby improving the shear performance of the joints. The specimen with a welding parameter of 1155 W and 35 mm/s achieved a maximum tensile-shear load of 1122.56 N. Compared with the joints devoid of the MPEA phase, there was a notable enhancement in tensile properties by 56.41%, accompanied by a substantial increase in elongation of 57.73%. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the laser welding of Mg/Al and other dissimilar alloy systems, aiming to alleviate or completely circumvent the emergence of IMCs at the interface.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"32 8","pages":"2839 - 2861"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148366093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Aging Treatment on the Microstructure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of AlMgScZr Alloy Prepared by LPBF","authors":"Jieren Guan,&nbsp;Yunhua Liu,&nbsp;Zengwei Zhu,&nbsp;Qiuping Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-02126-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-02126-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of AlMgScZr alloys has attracted significant interest due to its ability to meet lightweight requirements while delivering excellent performance. Applying an appropriate aging treatment regime is necessary for extending applications, as the established aging temperature significantly affects the final manufacturing quality. This work investigates the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in both LPBF-fabricated and aging-treated samples. Accordingly, the effect of precipitated phase and recrystallization on the grain characteristics and performance is also discussed. The results demonstrate that Al₃(Sc,Zr) particles precipitate from the supersaturated <i>α</i>-Al matrix during aging treatment at a temperature of 325 ℃ for 4 h. The formation of Al₃(Sc,Zr) particles, which act as heterogeneous nucleation sites, induces grain refinement and exerts a pinning effect on the dislocation motion. Consequently, the tensile strength is significantly enhanced, while the elongation is reduced. When subjected to aging at 475 ℃ for 4 h, precipitated phase coarsening and recrystallization occur both inside the columnar grains and equiaxed grains. The resultant mechanical properties are synergistically influenced by multiple influencing mechanisms, including solid solution strengthening, subgrain and precipitation strengthening. The maximum tensile strength and impact energy could be obtained to 490 ± 10 MPa and 24.67 ± 1.83 J. This study establishes a framework for optimizing aging treatments and advancing the theoretical understanding of LPBF-fabricated AlMgScZr alloys.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"32 8","pages":"2870 - 2879"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148366040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene-Modified Oxidation Resistance of NiAl Composites","authors":"Jiayi Peng,&nbsp;Zihang Li,&nbsp;Yixin Li,&nbsp;Zi Wang,&nbsp;Liming Tan,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Lan Huang,&nbsp;Feng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-02057-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-02057-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>NiAl-graphene (NiAl-Gr) composites with varying concentrations were fabricated and the high-temperature oxidation performance was systematically investigated. The incorporation of Gr significantly suppressed oxidation kinetics. Specifically, the NiAl-0.6Gr alloy formed a dense and continuous oxide scale, with only stable α-Al₂O₃ detected which demonstrated the addition of 0.6 wt% Gr effectively facilitated the transition of oxide (θ-Al₂O₃ to α-Al₂O₃). Furthermore, fracture morphology revealed that the optimized 0.6 wt% Gr doping promoted columnar grain growth in the oxide scale by impeding Al³⁺ migration through grain boundary segregation. The synergistic effects of these mechanisms enhance the oxidation resistance of NiAl alloys with Gr incorporation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"32 4","pages":"1182 - 1192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of TaB2 Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of Laser Melting Deposited Nb–16Si–22Ti–3Al Alloy","authors":"Jing Liang,&nbsp;Mengyue Wang,&nbsp;Yikun Wang,&nbsp;Cong Wang,&nbsp;Xiuyuan Yin,&nbsp;Zhina Xie,&nbsp;Suiyuan Chen,&nbsp;Changsheng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-02096-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-02096-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The phase composition, microstructure and properties of laser melting deposited Nb–16Si–22Ti–3Al alloys with different TaB₂ (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 at%) additions were studied. The results showed that the microstructure of Nb–16Si–22Ti–3Al alloy without TaB₂ was mainly composed of Nbss phase, Nbss/Nb₃Si eutectic and a small amount of α-Nb₅Si₃ phase. With the TaB₂ addtion increased, the Nbss/Nb₃Si eutectic in the alloy gradually diminished and Nbss + (α,γ)-Nb₅Si₃ eutectic structure were found. Compared to the untreated condition, when 0.25 at% TaB₂ was added, the Nbss content in the alloy sample increased from 50.2 to 56.2 vol%, the Nb₃Si content decreased from 36.7 to 14.2 vol%, the α-Nb₅Si₃ content rose from 12.1 to 23.7 vol%, and the γ-Nb₅Si₃ phase emerged (5.2 vol%). The average fracture toughness of 0.25 at% TaB₂ alloy was the best among all samples, reaching up to 13.1 MPa·m^1/2. The reasons for this were attributed to the refinement of the microstructure and the increase in the content of the ductile phase (56.2 vol%) together with the decomposition of Nb₃Si into Nb + Nb₅Si₃. The microhardness and compressive strength of the alloy both increased continuously with the addition of TaB₂, reaching the maximum values up to 615.3 HV_0.2 and 2053 MPa, respectively for the alloy with 2.0 at% TaB₂ addtion. The reason for this were the increase in volume fraction and the growth of the silicide phase in the alloy.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"32 5","pages":"1466 - 1480"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Phase Transformation Behavior and Pore Defects on the Damping Performance of NiTi Alloys Fabricated by Laser Power Bed Fusion","authors":"Qin Yang,&nbsp;Mingzheng Huo,&nbsp;Zheng Xiang,&nbsp;Mingyan Sun,&nbsp;Xianfeng Shen,&nbsp;Shuke Huang,&nbsp;Jie Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-02049-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-02049-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The damping properties of additively manufactured NiTi alloys are strongly influenced by phase transformation behavior and pore defects, both of which are highly sensitive to process parameters. This study investigates the effects of energy density on the damping behavior of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) fabricated NiTi alloys by analyzing the evolution of microstructure and phase transformation behavior. As energy density increases from 72.7 to 240.0 J/mm³, relative density decreases from 99.55 to 98.67% due to the transformation of small spherical gas pores (~ 35 μm) into larger irregular keyhole pores (&gt; 100 μm), which increases the overall pore volume. Meanwhile, the martensitic transformation finish temperature (<i>M</i>_f) temperature increases from − 41 °C to 40 °C with energy density increases from 72.7 to 240.0 J/mm³, resulting in an increase in martensite fraction until the sample transformed into a full martensite state at room temperature. Internal friction (IF) at room temperature initially increases from 0.034 to 0.057 as energy density increases to 171.4 J/mm³ and then decreases to 0.050 at 240.0 J/mm³. This variation arises from the synergistic effects between pore defects and martensitic fraction. The highest internal friction (IF = 0.057, at a strain amplitude of 0.1% and frequency of 1 Hz) is observed at 171.4 J/mm³, corresponding to a high martensitic fraction and numerous fine pores. These findings provide insights into optimizing the damping performance of LPBF fabricated NiTi alloys.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"32 4","pages":"1077 - 1088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Heat Treatment, Shot Peening and Nitriding Processes on the Pitting Corrosion Resistance of 316 L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)","authors":"Wangping Wu,&nbsp;Xingwei Hu,&nbsp;Ao Zhang,&nbsp;Zhizhi Wang,&nbsp;Haijun Pan,&nbsp;Peng Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-02128-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-02128-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Degradation of 361 L steel in corrosive solution has been paid attention, especially pitting corrosion. The post-processing technology is an important technique for maintaining relatively favorable mechanical properties to surface properties and corrosion resistance. This study employed laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) technology to fabricate 316 L stainless steel samples with four different build orientations of 0°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. These samples underwent post-processing, including heat treatment, shot peening (SP), and nitriding. Electrochemical corrosion tests were performed in 3.5 wt% NaCl at 25 °C to evaluate the effects of post-processing on the pitting corrosion of L-PBF 316 L stainless steel. The results indicate that heat treatment, SP, and nitriding post-processing techniques improve the pitting corrosion performance of the samples, with nitriding providing the most significant enhancement. Among the heat-treated samples, those treated at 450 °C exhibited improved corrosion resistance, with the best pitting corrosion resistance observed in the 0° build orientation, with a pitting potential of 0.611 V vs. Ag/AgCl. However, samples subjected to heat treatments at 750 °C and 1050 °C showed decreased corrosion resistance due to the presence of MnS inclusions. For SP-treated samples, the best corrosion performance was observed for the sample printed with the build orientation of 0° and the samples were subjected to SP treatment at 0.2 MPa for 3 min, with a pitting potential of 0.653 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Nevertheless, increasing the intensity or duration of SP treatment resulted in decreased pitting corrosion resistance. The pitting corrosion resistance of nitrided samples increased with the increase in build orientation, with the best resistance observed at a build orientation of 90°, with a pitting potential of 0.766 V vs. Ag/AgCl.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"32 8","pages":"2714 - 2741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148366002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Wear Resistance of In-situ TiB-Reinforced Titanium Composites through Microstructural Refinement via Circular Oscillating Laser Deposition","authors":"Junsong Wang,&nbsp;Jianbo Lei,&nbsp;Chao Wang,&nbsp;Yan Fang,&nbsp;Xiaohui Jia,&nbsp;Jindong Huang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-02124-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-025-02124-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The in-situ synthesis of ceramic reinforcing phases during additive manufacturing is an effective route to fabricate high-performance Ti-6Al-4 V composites. However, the conventional Gaussian laser (GL) directed energy deposition (DED) process is often limited by the induced growth of coarse columnar grains and the agglomeration of the reinforcing phase. This study proposes a novel approach for modulating the in-situ reaction of nano-sized boron nitride using a circular oscillating laser (COL) technique. A systematic comparison was conducted between this technique and the conventional Gaussian laser process in fabricating pure Ti-6Al-4 V and its composite counterpart reinforced with 0.4 wt% nano-sized boron nitride. The results reveal a significant synergistic effect between the COL process and BN addition on both microstructural refinement and mechanical property enhancement. The COL process effectively suppresses the growth of columnar grains. Concurrently, it facilitates the formation of a fine, continuous network composed of in-situ synthesized nano-scale TiB whiskers along the grain boundaries. Compared with the GL-DED samples, the BN/TC4 composites fabricated by the COL-DED process exhibited an approximately 17.3% reduction in average grain size, a 33.7% increase in average microhardness, and a 31.9% decrease in wear loss. The performance improvement can be attributed to the intense melt pool stirring and thermal convection induced by the oscillating laser, which not only promoted the uniform dispersion and nucleation of in-situ TiB whiskers, but also altered the solute distribution behavior and crystal growth mode during solidification, thereby achieving microstructural refinement and multi-mechanism synergistic strengthening.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"32 8","pages":"2897 - 2917"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148366001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}