G. Liang, J. Zhao, Y. B. Tian, J. Han, Z. Z. Dong, X. Zhang
{"title":"Microstructure and Properties of Ti–V– Al – Zr Lightweight High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloy Fabricated by Arc-Based Additive Manufacturing","authors":"G. Liang, J. Zhao, Y. B. Tian, J. Han, Z. Z. Dong, X. Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01193-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01193-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The microstructure, martensitic transformation temperatures, mechanical properties and shape memory effect of arc-based additive manufacturing Ti – 14.1V – 9.4Al – 6Zr (at.%) light high-temperature shape memory alloy were systematically studied. The research findings indicated that the Ti – 14.1V – 9.4Al – 6Zr alloy consists of α″ martensitic phase and a small quantity of β phase, and the content of the β phase increases with the augmentation of the number of deposited layers. The martensitic transformation temperature rises continuously with the increase in the number of deposited layers. The mechanical properties differ among various regions of the alloy. The top region of the alloy displays the highest elongation, attaining 15%. Through the investigation of its shape memory effect, it was observed that complete recovery occurs at a pre-strain of 3.4%. When the pre-strain is 3.8%, the middle region and the bottom region recover completely.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"544 - 550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Development of Domestic and Foreign Heat-Resistant Bearing Steels for Aircraft Engines and of Methods of Their Heat Hardening. Part 2","authors":"T. M. Pugacheva","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01191-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01191-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The first part of the review concerned the chronology of the development of heat-resistant bearing steels for aircraft engines. Heat-resistant bearing steels used in modern high-speed aircraft engines are analyzed in the second part. To increase the resistance of rings to cracking under high circumferential stresses, these steels are subjected to a thermochemical treatment (carburizing, nitriding) or to a duplex process combining a conventional heat or thermochemical treatment with subsequent nitriding. It is shown that a promising direction for advancing aircraft engine bearing steels is creation of hybrid bearings combining ceramic rolling components and duplex-hardened steel rings. The review presents data on the chemical composition, microstructure, hard-ness, fatigue life and recommended operating temperatures for each steel.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"530 - 534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolution of Microstructure and Properties of Al Wires after Drawing Deformation and Annealing","authors":"Lin Chen, Meigui Ou, Yilong Liang, Yu Liang","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01195-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01195-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The evolution of the microstructure (grain size, texture and dislocation density, etc.) was studied by the electron backscatter diffraction method, and its effect on the mechanical and electrical properties of aluminum wire after drawing with different degrees of deformation and subsequent annealing at 315°C for 1.5 h was investigated. It was found that with an increase in the degree of deformation of the aluminum wire, the grain size and the Schmidt factor (SF) in the structure decrease, the preferred orientation of <span>(langle 111rangle )</span> is formed, and the dislocation density and yield strength (YS) increase. After annealing, the <span>(langle 111rangle )</span> crystalline orientation disappears, the grain size and SF value increase, the dislocation density decreases, which leads to an increase in the elongation (EL) and electrical conductivity (EC) of the material. The highest set of properties of the wire is achieved after a deformation of 70% (YS = 142.81 MPa, EL = 7.34% and EC = 61.36% IACS). Although YS decreases after annealing, EL and EC increase by 113% and 1.5%, respectively. Quantitative calculation of the contribution of various strengthening effects (fine grain, dislocation and texture strengthening) showed that grain refinement strengthening makes a significant contribution (up to 57%) to the YS of aluminum wire.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"559 - 567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yu. Kollerov, D. E. Gusev, O. S. Alsaeva, E. A. Lukina
{"title":"Effect of Stage Aging on the Structure and Martensitic Transformation Temperatures of Alloy Ti – 55.6 Wt.% Ni","authors":"M. Yu. Kollerov, D. E. Gusev, O. S. Alsaeva, E. A. Lukina","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01192-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01192-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of step aging on the phase composition and succession of reverse martensitic transformations of a NiTi-based alloy containing 55.6 wt.% Ni is studied. Metallographic and x-ray diffraction analyses of the alloy are performed, and the temperatures of the reverse martensitic transformation are determined after one-and two-stage aging. It is shown that decrease of the temperature of the second aging stage leads to precipitation of an additional volume fraction of intermetallic compound Ti<sub>3</sub>Ni<sub>4</sub> and increase in the shape recovery temperatures. Increase of the temperature of the second stage results in dissolution of the Ti<sub>3</sub>Ni<sub>4</sub> particles formed in the first stage and decrease in the shape recovery temperatures. The use of stage aging makes it possible to correct accurately the response temperatures of functional articles from titanium nickelide.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"535 - 543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Crucible Diameter on the Microstructure of an Al – Si Alloy Prepared by Controlled Diffusion Solidification","authors":"Xuqiang Yang, Tijun Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01196-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01196-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of mixing crucible diameter on the microstructure of Al – 8Si (in wt.%) alloy prepared by controlled diffusion solidification were investigated by simulation and experiment. The nucleation and grain growth processes during the whole crystallization were discussed. The simulation results showed that decreasing the crucible diameter was beneficial for improving mixing effect, and thus, achieving a microstructure with finer and more spheroidal primary grains. The experiment results indirectly confirmed this simulation result. The entire process of alloy crystallization is described in detail and step by step, including the stages of nucleation of α-Al grains, their growth at the solid/liquid interface, the formation of a dendritic structure, and the eutectic reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"568 - 578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation of the Thermal Cycle of Electron-Beam Welding of Alloy VT6 (Ti – 6Al – 4V) Obtained by Rolling and Selective Laser Melting. 1. Comparative Analysis of Weld Geometry and Microhardness","authors":"A. A. Yakhin, A. V. Panin","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01188-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01188-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comparative analysis of the geometrical sizes of zones of welded joints of titanium alloy VT6 (Ti – 6Al – 4V) formed by electron beam welding (EBW) with various parameters is performed. The EBW is simulated by single-pass displacement of electron beam across flat samples of VT6 in two different conditions, i.e., a rolled sheet and selective laser melted (SLM) workpiece. The initial microstructure of alloy VT6 and the beam current intensity in the SLM are shown to affect the geometry of the welded joint. The beam current intensity affects differently the microhardness of the welds subjected to the rolling and to the SLM. The method of metallography is used to demonstrate that the fusibility of the SLM samples is higher than that of the rolled samples at the same EBW modes.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"506 - 513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. L. Hernández-Rivera, M. O. Ramos Azpeitia, C. G. Garay-Reyes, A. Bedolla-Jacuinde
{"title":"Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Medium Mn Steel Sheet with Nb Addition","authors":"J. L. Hernández-Rivera, M. O. Ramos Azpeitia, C. G. Garay-Reyes, A. Bedolla-Jacuinde","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01180-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01180-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The microstructural development of a medium Mn steel during hot rolling and intercritical annealing was studied. It was found that after hot rolling the microstructure was composed almost completely of lath martensite with a very small amount of austenite. After that, the material was subjected to 700 and 780°C for 1, 2, and 5 h. It was found that the microstructure of the steel after intercritical annealing treatments was composed of ferrite/martensite and austenite, this last phase exhibited a content that varied from 10 to 25 wt.%. In addition, it was found the presence of NbC precipitates by applying an electrochemical extraction procedure. The best mechanical properties in terms of ultimate tensile strength and elongation were obtained in the steel treated at 700°C while a brittle behavior (low elongation) was observed both in the hot rolled condition and after annealing at 780°C.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"435 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Yalygin, N. O. Shaposhnikov, B. S. Ermakov, O. V. Shvetsov, D. V. Nechaev
{"title":"Effect of Heat Treatment on Service Properties of Near-Weld Zone of Steel 09G2S (9MnSi5) at Negative Temperatures","authors":"S. A. Yalygin, N. O. Shaposhnikov, B. S. Ermakov, O. V. Shvetsov, D. V. Nechaev","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01189-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01189-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of heat treatment modes under production and laboratory conditions on the microstructure, impact toughness and microhardness of welded joints of steel 09G2S (9MnSi5) at negative temperatures is studied experimentally. It is shown that simulation of normalizing under laboratory conditions ensures the impact toughness values meeting the requirements of the SP.16.13330 Standard at a temperature of up to –60°C. The heat treatment modes used in the production provide an impact toughness meeting the requirements of SP.16.13330 only at a temperature of up to –40°C. In order to meet the impact toughness requirements of SP.16.13330 for welded joints of steel 09G2S (9MnSi5) in each specific case, it is necessary to select appropriately the temperature-and-time parameters of high-frequency welding and of post-welding heat treatment and to specify them in SP.25.13330.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"514 - 520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Preparation of Magnesium Alloys with Controllable Biodegradation","authors":"Yi-Chia Lai, Wei-Zhi Huang, Jen-Tuo Chen, Gunng-Shinng Chen, Ying-Kuan Tsai, Yu-Chih Tzeng, Ren-Yu Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01197-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01197-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The possibility of preventing the formation of macro-segregation and biodegradation of high-alloy, mixed-entropy magnesium-zinc-calcium alloys produced through powder metallurgy is investigated. A process for obtaining such alloys is proposed, including hot pressing into billets, extrusion into rods, and machining into biodegradable magnesium bone nails. It is shown that after the extrusion, the density of the alloys is 97.65%, which ensures their suitability for the manufacture of biomedical implants. It is established that the obtained alloys have controlled biodegradation and improved safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"579 - 586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation of the Thermal Cycle of Electron-Beam Welding of Alloy VT6 (Ti – 6Al – 4V) Obtained by Rolling and Selective Laser Melting. 2. Comparative Analysis of Microstructures and Phase Compositions","authors":"A. A. Yakhin, A. V. Panin","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01198-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01198-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comparative analysis of microstructures and phase compositions of various zones of welded joints of titanium alloy VT6 (Ti – 6Al – 4V) obtained by rolling and by selective laser melting (SLM) performed with different electron beam welding (EBW) parameters is carried out. Bead-on-plate electron beam welding is implemented by single-pass displacement of the electron beam across rolled and SLM Ti – 6Al – 4V samples. The results of the metallographic studies demonstrate the influence of the initial microstructure of the Ti – 6Al – 4V alloy and of the EBW beam current on the sizes of the primary grains and plates of the martensitic α/α′ phase formed in the weld and in the heat-affected zone. The volume fraction of the residual β-phase, the crystal lattice parameters of the α/α′ and β-phases, and the magnitude of residual stresses in the welds of the studied samples are measured by x-ray diffraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"587 - 595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}