Developing the Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics of 410 Martensitic Stainless Steel During Cold Drawing of Pipes

The change in the microstructure and mechanical properties of 410 stainless steel during cold drawing is studied. The Johnson–Cook equation was used to describe the behavior of the steel flow during cold drawing process. The formation of deformed and elongated ferrite grains accompanied with dispersed chromium carbides in the matrix was established using x-ray diffraction methods in combination with FESEM and EDS analyses, as well as traditional optical microscopy. After drawing, the tensile strength of steel increases by about 25% from 770 to 960 MPa. The crystalline size decreases from 85.6 to 58.9 nm, and their orientation changes from {110} to the preferred {200}. The highest texture coefficient corresponds to {200} indices. Determination of the friction coefficient value during drawing by the ring specimen method showed that the best drawing lubricant is oxalate solution with hot soap which provided lowest coefficient of friction of 0.15. Based on the simulation results, it is shown that the optimum drawing die angle is 32 degrees, which results in the lowest drawing force of 164 kN.