农业科学与技术:B最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Maize Seeds Treated with Trichodermil® through Biospeckle","authors":"G. M. Silva, L. Peixoto, A. Fujii, J. J. D. Parisi, R. H. Aguiar, Juliana A. Fracarolli","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aimed to study the treatment with the bioprotector Trichoderma harzianum on maize seeds immediately after treatment and during storage. Maize seeds were analyzed through germination test, vigor tests (cold test, accelerated aging and aerial length), and the viability of the treated seeds was verified through the biospeckle. Seed treatment is recommended because approximately 90% of crops intended for human and animal feeding are seed-propagated. A pathogen present in the seed results in increased diseases in the adult plant, in addition to introducing pathogens in other areas. So the seed treatment can provide better results than chemicals disease control on plants. Bioprotectors have antagonistic fungi that produce metabolites and enzymes that will avoid the proliferation of phytopathogenic fungi. Among the bioprotectors, Trichoderma spp., used for phytosanitary control of seeds, stands out. The tests were carried out with treatment in order to evaluate the physiological potential caused by the treatment with the bioprotector. The biospeckle experimental runs were performed in parallel with the sanitation test. The germination percentages of 93.0%, 87.5%, and 87.5%, respectively, showed that they were all above the minimum requirement for commercialization, which is 85%. Analyzing the vigor and sanitation tests, it was verified that the best treatment was on day zero. Among the seeds analyzed through biospeckle, using the laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) technique, it was possible to identify fungi activity.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42148825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Ca2+ Content and Ca2+/Na+ Ratio in Leaf Tissues Determine Salinity Tolerance in Spanish Type Groundnut (Arachis hypogeal L.)","authors":"M. Chowdhury, M.S.U. Bhuyia, M. Shah-E-Alam, M. Azad","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43041284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed Sector in Turkey and Analysis of Sunflower Seed Purchasing Behaviour of Farmers: Example of Thrace Region","authors":"H. Güngör, K. Saraçoğlu, G. Güngör","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"Selection of suitable seed in agriculture has great importance in terms of scarce resources and efficient use of facilities. Efficient use of inputs has been one of the key objectives of agricultural policies in all over the world. Therefore, studies continue about production of new seeds with high yield and resist to diseases. The 66.7% of the total seed production in Turkey are met by the private sector (hybrid sunflower, corn, potato, soybean, cotton and vegetable seed). And 53.4% of the total sunflowers in Turkey are grown in Thrace region. It is therefore appropriate to be selected as the research area. In this regard, the aim of this study was to examine the dynamics in seed sector and particularly investigate the sunflower seed purchasing behavior of farmers with special attention to Thrace region. As a methodology, 198 questionnaires which pursued sunflower farm activities in the region were utilized. As a result of the descriptive statistics, it could be concluded that almost 20% of seed supply in Turkey is imported and that 70%-80% of it is directly used as an “input” for growing vegetative products and the remaining is used as “intermediate goods” for growing “certified seeds” for domestic or international markets.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49624079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maize Seeds Submitted to Thermotherapy and Analyzed by Dynamic Speckle","authors":"L. Peixoto, G. M. Silva, A. Fujii, J. J. D. Parisi, R. H. Aguiar, Juliana A. Fracarolli","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.02.005","url":null,"abstract":": The quality of the seeds used for sowing is fundamental for a high productivity and quality of the crop. Therefore, eradicating pathogens is essential for the plant to develop in the best possible way. The eradication of those pathogens can be accomplished by means of treatments that consist of the application of substances to the seeds or by performing physical procedures. Thermotherapy is a physical treatment, in which the seed is exposed to a given thermal energy, such as heated air or steam, and can be highly efficient for controlling those pathogens, in addition to reducing environmental damage and costs. The present work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of thermotherapy in two ways: wet heat (water) and dry heat (water vapor), both at 60 °C, alternating the exposure time to the thermal sources. The treatment with humid heat with a time of exposure of 5 min was the most efficient, since it presented higher germination percentages (83%) and less occurrence of Fusarium sp. (33%). It was observed that the most efficient thermotherapy is in the control of Fusarium , the most aggressive is for the quality of the seed. The quality of the treatments was evaluated through standard methodologies, according to the rules for seed analysis, such as germination and sanitation tests. Biospeckle laser was used to identify the microbial activity in these seeds, through activity maps generated by laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) processing. In this way, the research involving thermotherapy can be done by varying the temperature and the time of exposure to obtain values that considerably reduce the pathogenic agents and preserve the quality, in order to maintain the values of germination and vigor acceptable for commercialization.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43114535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Fertilizer Use by Smallholder Farmers and Economic Returns to Maize in Semi-arid Niger","authors":"N. Maman, G. Abdou, M. Garba","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop in Niger, but low and irregular rainfall combined with sandy soils having low fertility level limit productivity. A two-year study was conducted at Institut National de Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN) stations in Tarna/Maradi and Bengou/Gaya in 2014 and 2015 in order to evaluate maize agronomic and economic fertilizer use efficiency. The experimental design was a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results indicate higher effect of fertilizer in 2015 compared to 2014. At low N rates 20 kg N/ha and 40 kg N/ha, application of 20 kg P/ha increased maize grain yield across locations and years. The highest agronomic efficiency of N (AEN) was recorded with 60 kg N/ha in 2015 at Bengou and Tarna with 9.65 kg and 14.05 kg grain yield per kg of applied N, respectively. At Tarna, the low N rates of 20 kg N/ha and 40 kg N/ha recorded important AEN of more than 12 kg yield increases per kg of applied N. The highest rainfall use efficiency (RUE) of 6.13 kg/year/mm was obtained with application of 80 kg/ha N, 0 kg/ha P and 40 kg/ha N, 20 kg/ha P in 2015 at Tarna. Without P, the highest value cost ratio (VCR) value of 4.31 was recorded at Tarna in 2015 with 60 kg/ha N, and the lowest value of 0.08 at Bengou in 2014 with 20 kg/ha N. Based on VCR and RUE derived from this study, the optimal fertilizer recommendation for maize in the semi-arid conditions of Niger could be 40 kg/ha N, 20 kg/ha P and 0 kg/ha K.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47759432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Availability of Myoglobin as a Molecular Marker for Phylogenetic Relationships of Fish","authors":"Ming-Chih Huang, Y. Ochiai, S. Watabe","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43839759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Cultivar and Explant Sources on Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"H. Akay, O. Kurt","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro callus induction and plant regeneration potentiality were studied from mature embryo of three Indian rice (Oryza sativa L.) groups at Field Crops Department, Agricultural Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey. The study was done by using callus induction MS medium having different concentration of four. The present research was conducted according to the design of randomized blocks trial. A total of 696 calluses, 193 plants and 917 seeds were obtained from Indica group; 2,110 calluses, 103 plants and 235 seeds were obtained from Japonica group; 1,243 calluses and 13 plants were obtained from Javanica group. With regard to number of calluses obtained from each explant source, 52 calluses were obtained from whole-plant explants, 1,668 calluses from root explants, 629 calluses from shoot explants, 649 calluses from the 1st node explants, 240 calluses from the 2nd node explants, 269 calluses from the 1st internode explants and 12 calluses from the 2nd internode explants. With regard to number of plants obtained from each explant source, 27 plants were obtained from whole-plant explants, 195 plants from shoot explants, 43 plants from the 1st node explants, 40 plants from the 2nd node explants and four plants from the 1st internode explants. With regard to number of seeds, 823 seeds were obtained from shoot explants and 329 seeds were obtained from the 2nd node explants. Germination rate of harvested seeds was over 90%. The establishment of this regeneration system is essential for the development of a genetic transformation system for commercial rice cultivars.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48298571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermodal Transport of Ethanol in Brazil: A Simulation Using Partial Equilibrium","authors":"Jamile de Campos Coleti, Andrea Leda Ramos de Oliveira, K. B. Marsola","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.01.004","url":null,"abstract":": The search for renewable energy has put ethanol on another level, making Brazil the second largest producer in the world. The aim of this study was to analyze ethanol transportation alternatives in the face of the current logistics in Brazil. It was proposed a partial equilibrium model analyzing three scenarios: the first concerned a base scenario (scenario 1), the second estimated a 15% decrease in railroad freight (scenario 2), and the third included new national pipeline projects (scenario 3). Scenario 3 showed the highest trading volumes with a 0.20% increase compared with the base scenario, indicating transport systems that prioritize multimodality. It was also highlighted that the multimodality assumptions of scenarios 2 and 3 resulted in competitiveness gains in the international market, because all the routes destined for foreign markets are multimodal.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42583145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Crop Altitude Range for Coffee Production: Findings from Honduras","authors":"Carmen Peligros-Espada, Joel Ulises Sevilla-Palma, Octavio Uña-Juarez","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper was to show the empirical relationship found between the coffee crop altitude and the attributes of the coffee. Data from Honduras were used, but findings can be extended to global coffee production. In this way, the production of speciality coffee identified locally with a good potential at final markets can be promoted. From the launch of the National Coffee Policy in Honduras, one special interest was given to improve the speciality coffee’ national production, and the Honduran Institute of Coffee (IHCAFE) turned into a key actor to assume the leadership in the execution of the policy, particularly in the local assistance and the international promotion of the coffee. From gathering a national coffee quality project, IHCAFE collected hundreds of samples out of the producing regions of the country from four consecutive annual harvest (2004-2008), the followed quality analysis found diverse profiles of flavors and aromas of the coffee, and also a relevant link between quality features and geographical, agronomic and technical determinants (flavor, aromas, altitude range, agronomic variety and producing region).","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43491145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Value-Added Chocolate with Oat and Evaluation of Its Physiological Properties","authors":"I. Lee, Young-Eun Song, E. Song, So-Ra Choi, Hyun-Ah Han, Ki-Kwon Lee","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"This study was performed to investigate the physicochemical properties of oat chocolate. Oat samples were roasted at various temperatures (0, 80, 120, 160 and 200 °C) for 15 min. Oat chocolates were made by using three natural antioxidants (green tea, lavender and cactus). The acid value, Hunter’s color, pH, total acidity and sensory evaluation of oat chocolates were determined. Results showed that the acid value of roasted oat flour significantly decreased with increasing roasting temperature. Its sensorial characteristics, such as color, taste, smell and overall preference were increased relative to a temperature rise. As for oat chocolate mixture, its acid value significantly decreased as more antioxidants were added (p < 0.05). The lowest acid value was recorded with chocolate lavender flour after 7 d at 1%. Findings showed that the sensory characteristics of products containing antioxidants, such as green tea and cactus, were superior to the control treatment within 7 d. A product including 0.5% green tea marked the best sensory score among antioxidants. Compared cost among three antioxidants, green tea was the cheapest. In the end, 0.5% green tea was selected as the optimal antioxidant to make high-quality oat chocolate. An end product by mixing green tea (0.5%) and oat was made. With respect to Hunter’s color L (whiteness), a (redness) and b (yellowness), L and a levels were higher when green tea was added. However, an opposite result was expressed in b level. In terms of pH value and total acidity, the control (without antioxidant) and product with 0.5% green tea (G-0.5) were statistically identical with each other. There was difference in acid value among specimens. The acid value of G-0.5 was lower than that of the control up to 7 d, resulting in lower acid value than the ready-made product (D-Co.). When sensory characteristics were assessed, G-0.5 scores were higher than other specimens, including the control and ready-made products (D-Co. and H-Co.) up to 6 d after the manufacturing date. As a result, the addition of 0.5% green tea increased the antioxidative effect, as well as the sensory acceptability of oat chocolate.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43898350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}