农业科学与技术:B最新文献

{"title":"The Effects of Host Diversity in Anthracnose Management and Race Composition of Colletotrichum sublineolum in Sorghum Lineage Mixtures","authors":"H. M. Valério, Janete Maria da Silva Alves, M. A. Resende, E. G. Fernandes, C. Casela","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative strategies of management of sorghum diseases were implemented using field experiments conducted in Embrapa Maize and Sorghum Research Center, Brazil in 2001 until 2003 to evaluate the efficacy of lineage mixtures of Sorghum bicolor for the control of anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum). The calculated values for disease severity considered the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) observed for the nine susceptible and resistant elite strains of sorghum planted in 30 stands randomly. Each stand was drawn in mixtures of three genotypes each, in the same proportions per plant. This design was compared with the severity of the disease measured in AUDPC calculated for each of the same nine strains of sorghum in pure stands. In most of the cases, the disease severity on the susceptible cultivars was decreased; and in some cases, reached 85% of disease reduction compared with disease progress in pure stand of correspondent plant. The implication and effect of these sorghum mixtures on the populations of C. sublineolum on each treatment were evaluated and revealed that there was an increase of frequency of complex races in most of these mixtures and a highest phenotypic diversity for virulence to pathogen populations from pure stands, than the characterized on populations collected from the mixtures, despite of the effectiveness on decrease of the anthracnose severity.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46999073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regeneration of Plants from Embryogenic Cell Suspensions of cv. “Datil” (Musa AA): Morphological Evaluation of Plants in the Field","authors":"Juan Luis Ortiz Vargas, Jorge Sandoval Fernández, M. E. Vega","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"The full cycle from embryogenic callus (EC) induction to field evaluation of regenerated plants is reported for the first time for banana cv. “Datil” (Musa AA). Immature male flowers were used for EC induction on a modified M1 culture medium. The ideal type of EC was obtained in the presence of 4.5 M and 9.0 M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Embryogenic cell suspensions were established in both concentrations of 2,4-D; however, only the suspensions from ideal callus (IC) formed with 4.5 μM of 2,4-D were regenerated. A histological study revealed the formation of structurally different cell masses during the regeneration phase of cv. “Datil”. The embryos germination was characterized by the growth cellular aggregates, indicating the possible occurrence of secondary embryogenesis. Development and acclimatization of the plants were carried out in a normal manner as observed for other cultivars. Field evaluation of the plants’ genetic stability was based on observation of morphological traits. In the vegetative growth phase, 6.61% of the plants presented drooping leaves and deformed semi-limbs. These traits, however, did not affect further plant growth during flowering and harvest phases. The produced fruits were of good quality. And the present study indicates that this cultivar may be stable genetically.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45372039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Sources and Doses of Nitrogen on Vegetative and Productive Performance of Sugarcane under a Dystrophic Red Latosol Condition","authors":"F. H. F. Gomes, F. Soares, M. B. Teixeira, Edson Cabral da Silva, Nelmício Furtado da Silva, F. N. Cunha, C. T. S. Costa","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2018.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2018.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application of different sources and doses of nitrogen (N) in the growth and productivity of sugarcane in cane plant. Field experiments were conducted in the area of Rio Paraiso II farm, belonging to the Raízen factory, in the city of Jataí, GO. The soil was classified as dystrophic red latosol. The experimental design used was in randomized block, analysed in factorial scheme of 2 × 4 × 4, with three replications. The factors analysed were two sources of N (urea and ammonium nitrate), four doses of N (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg/ha) and four evaluation times (210, 250, 290 and 330 d after planting (DAP)). The parameters analysed were plant height (PH), diameter of stalks (DS), length of internodes (LI) and productivity of stalks (PS). Results observed significant difference in the sources and doses of N for the evaluated parameters in sugarcane plant. Urea in the average doses of 110 kg/ha and 100.87 kg/ha provided the greatest PH and LI of sugarcane, respectively. Ammonium nitrate at a dose of 180 kg/ha presented the largest DS of sugarcane (cane plant) at 330 DAP. The PS of sugarcane SP80-1816 at 60 kg/ha and 120 kg/ha ammonium nitrate has higher increments. For the PS, it is recommended the application of doses between 60 kg/ha and 120 kg/ha of N of the source ammonium nitrate in sugar cane (cane plant).","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43558856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tomatoes Maturation Analysis with Reflectance Spectral Images","authors":"J. L. Governici, R. M. Faria, R. Tinini, B. T. Mederos","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"The demands for high quality products are increasing in the market, so several tests are performed. These analyses are destructive, time consuming and sometimes expensive. The spectral imaging technique is an alternative that can reduce costs and time and increase the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of these analyses. In this context, the aim of this study was to verify the spectral behavior of the tomato in function of the maturation and its potential use for non-destructive evaluation of food quality. Eighty tomatoes of the Italian group were selected in four stages of maturation (green, pink, light red and red). Images were collected in wavelengths 480 nm to 710 nm (every 10 nm). After the images were collected, the fruits were submitted to the physical-chemical analyses. The following parameters were analyzed: color, color index (CI), pH, soluble solids (SS), total titratable acidity (TTA) and ratio (SS/TTA). After characterization the mean spectrum was obtained by the extraction of the spectral characteristics. It was observed that the spectral behavior was the same for all stages of maturation. It was possible to differentiate the green tomatoes in the wavelengths from 520 nm to 560 nm and from 610 nm to 660 nm. These intervals represent the area of reflection of chlorophyll and lycopene, respectively. Near the wavelength 560 nm, the highest absorbance was recorded by ripe tomatoes due to the concentration of lycopene. It is concluded that the best wavelengths for analysis are those in which green has the highest reflectance and it is possible to apply this technique for non-destructive analysis of the maturation of tomatoes.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48575861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief Introduction to a Unique Edible Bolete—Phlebopus portentosus in Southern China","authors":"CHUN-XIA Zhang, M. He, Jing Liu, Xinjing Xu, Yang Cao, F. Gao, Yi-Wei Fang, Wenbing Wang, Yun Wang","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"Phlebopus portentosus (Berk. and Broome) Boedijn is a favored wild edible mushroom in the Xishuangbanna region, Yunnan, China and Northern Thailand. It belongs to Boletinellaceae family and is known as “black bolete”. Its ecological habits and biotrophy are very complicated. It can be saprobic and successfully cultivated in mushroom house conditions. More often it grows closely with many plants, but is not mycorrhizal fungus. It forms a tripartite association with root mealy bugs and plants. The fungus produces special fungus-insect gall with the soil mealy bugs, which is a symbiotic association between these two creatures. The gall grows on plant roots with parasitic tendency. This paper is a compact report of the findings, including taxonomy, ecology, economic and cultivation of this mushroom.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44838737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hurricane Matthew Impacts to Marine and Coastal Biodiversity on Southern Coast of Dominican Republic","authors":"Enrique Pugibet Bobea, Francisco Geraldes Siraguza, Luis Almánzar Regalado, Hector Crespo, Valentín Rivas Grullon","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"A rapid environmental assessment was conducted by the staff of Marine Biology Research Center (CIBIMA), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD) on the southern coast of the Dominican Republic, to evaluate the effects of the hurricane Matthew on October 3, being the 14th storm of the year 2016 for the Caribbean region. The observations were carried out two weeks after the storm hit. These observations included coastal ecosystems, such as marshes, beaches, lagoons, wetlands, mangrove forests, nearshore sea grasses and coral reefs. The evaluation included observations on the magnitude of the distresses and levels of destruction—changes, produced by the intense weather and upset climate from the storm. The data gathered were recorded following a categorization of impacts. It also included a description of the different coastal communities after being impacted and affected by the storm.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46741510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necessity Is the Mother of Invention for Research and Extension Agenda of Rubber Smallholders","authors":"R. Sail, S. D. W. Prajanti, H. Hamsan","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.06.001","url":null,"abstract":": Researchers and extensionists would pursue their interests to develop new inventions and encourage rubber smallholders to adopt new technology and practices to increase production of their holdings. Three interrelated systems, research and development (R&D) system, extension/delivery system and client (smallholders) system, are responsible to make the rubber industry viable and dynamic. The extension system is also encouraged to identify and carry out related research activities besides its own core function to enhance clients’ understanding and to use the findings as basis to plan effective strategies for implementation. Knowledge acquisition among clients is critical in capacity building process. With knowledge, clients tend to develop favorable attitude and use it to develop specific skill to practice recommended technology and new practices. Necessity is the mother of invention in times of need, especially when rubber price is low. Researchers, extensionists and smallholders are “forced” to collaborate and become creative to find alternative ways and uses of natural rubber to increase demand of the commodity. When natural rubber price is low, funding for research needs to be maintained at current level, or in some cases, funding is increased to ensure that the industry is not void of new technology and new products. The main goal of the rubber industry is to ensure that new technology and practices are continuously being generated and developed by researchers to be adopted by rubber smallholders. The adoption of new technology and practices by smallholders ensures that production of natural rubber continues to increase, while income of smallholders is maintained or increased at an appreciative level to offset low rubber prices. There is an inclination in the rubber industry that when the commodity’s price is low, activities and programs related to research and dissemination of research results would follow to be reduced, resulting in stagnation and opportunities for future growth of the industry. The National Blue Ocean Strategy (NBOS) should be used to harness expertise in research among researchers of local universities, as well as to cooperate among extensionists from agencies at state and national levels to help disseminate research results. The NBOS can reduce cost, and has bigger impacts and wider applications of natural rubber for local and international markets.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48826131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical and Biological Characterization from Condalia microphylla Fruits, a Native Species of Patagonia Argentina","authors":"P. Boeri, Lucrecia Piñuel, S. Sharry, A. Tombari, D. Barrio","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"Condalia microphylla Cav. (Rhamnaceae), popularly known as “piquillin”, is widely distributed in Patagonia. The drupes are consumed as fresh fruits by Argentine communities. The aim of this work was to quantify the nutritional value of C. microphylla fruit and the phenolic compounds present and to determine the functional antioxidant properties in vitro and in vivo. The nutritional value was determined according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methodology, and phenolic compounds were quantified by diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo was analyzed through the use of the radical species 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and zebrafish model, respectively. Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) was the single principal phenolic compound. The extracts contained in vitro antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents (TPCs) between 1,143 ± 112 µg and 4,633 ± 174 µg gallic-acid equivalents (GAEs) per 100 g dry weight (DW), though no relationship was found between the latter parameter and the antioxidant activity of the extracts. When zebrafish larvae were exposed to oxidative stress (2.4% v/v H2O2), a concentration as low as 1.44 µg of GAEs/mL of piquillin-derived polyphenols inhibited lipid oxidation by up to 40%. Thus, in view of these advantageous functional food properties and the opportunity to exploit this Patagonian natural resource, piquillin consumption should be promoted worldwide.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44727899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Structure of Tetraploid Italian and Westerwolds Ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) as Revealed by Enzyme and ISSR Polymorphism","authors":"M. Krzakowa, A. Sutkowska","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic variation of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and westerwolds ryegrass (L. westerwoldicum Breakw.) was investigated in eight tetraploid cultivars originated from Poland. The 337 individual seedlings, cultivated in uniform greenhouse conditions, were tested with horizontal gel electrophoresis according to five enzyme systems: diaforase (DIA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), peroxidise (PX) and phosphogluco isomerise (PGI), which were used to array allelic diversity at five polymorphic loci. The estimation of genetic diversity in 64 plants of the same cultivars was studied using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) as molecular marker. The genetic variation described by ISSR suggests that the polymorphism detected appears to be poorly informative at the taxonomic level. For statistical analysis, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) based dendrograms and minimum spanning trees were constructed using Nei’s distance and Jaccard’s similarity coefficient.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45957433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Income Diversification through a Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration System in the Midwest Brazilian Region","authors":"C. M. L. Nicoli, A. R. Pacheco, C. F. Reis, F. Venturoli","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability on farms is a challenge to competitiveness in the globalized market. In this scenario, due to the strong environmental, economic and social appeal, crop-livestock-forest integration systems have been considered as the future of agriculture. Regarding the economic approach, this system is based on the diversification of income generating activities, with revenue entry at different times, rationalization of resource use and reduction of risk of financial losses. Thus, the purpose of this work was to carry out the economic analysis of a crop-livestock-forest integration system, located at Boa Vereda?s farm, in the municipality of Cachoeira Dourada in the state of Goias in the central-west region of Brazil. The system was composed of the following traditional crops of the region: soybean, corn, pasture, beef cattle and eucalyptus. The technical coefficients and the prices used for economic evaluation were obtained from the experimental unit and from the local market when crops were harvested in 2016/2017. The economic indicators used to assess economic viability were the net present value (NPV) and the equivalent annual uniform value (EAUV). The results showed a return greater than the opportunity cost of the land, showing the attractiveness of the crop-livestock-forest integration system. Thus, this system represents an economically viable alternative that, among other benefits, allows the diversification of its sources of income, with a reduction of risk.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45137265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}