农业科学与技术:B最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Informal Cross-Border Fish Trade in the Southern Africa Region: A Case of Malawi and Zambia","authors":"H. Mussa, E. Kaunda, S. Chimatiro, K. Kakwasha, L. Banda, Bonface Nankwenya, J. Nyengere","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"Intra-regional fish trade has potential in addressing the region’s food and nutrition insecurity, as well as poverty reduction, by enabling movement of fish from countries of surplus to those with deficit. However, informal fish trade, just like all informal economic activities, has been overlooked and neglected in many national and regional policies, leading to obscurity of such an important part of the fisheries sector. This study examined the situation in the cross-border informal fish trade in order to deepen our understanding about the traders, the factors influencing the traders to use informal trade channels, the structure of the products traded and the challenges traders face, as well as propose policy direction to enhance the cross-border fish trade in the Southern Africa region. The study revealed that female traders dominated informal fish trade. In both Malawi and Zambia, an estimated 45,285.52 metric tonnes of fish valued at 82.14 million dollars and 102,263.9 metric tonnes of fish valued at 3.3 million dollars were informally traded. The key species involved in informal cross-border trade in Malawi and Zambia were the small pelagics, usipa (Engraulicypris sardella) from Lake Malawi and dagaa (Rastrineobola argentea) from Lake Tanganyika, respectively. It emerged from focus group discussions with informal fish traders and key informants’ interviews with border post fish inspection and revenue collection officials that traders are put off by the cross-border regulations. Therefore, it is important for countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region to regularize and formalize cross-border trade, particularly in small pelagic fish species, since this species plays a great role in the livelihoods, food and nutrition security of many people in the region, especially the rural and urban poor. It is also important for governments to support processors and traders to improve the quality of fish being traded, and decentralize issuing of the import/export certificates and other cross-border support documents. Lastly, there is a need to establish informal fish trade monitoring systems to adequately quantify the volumes traded.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48421019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Farming Innovation for High Production of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Planting Materials","authors":"Kho Pei Ee, Chenjing Shang","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"In accordance to National Commodity Policy (2011-2020), Malaysian government targets at expending the pepper cultivated area from the current 16,331 ha to 20,110 ha by year 2020. Based on a planting density of 2,000 vines/ha, there will be an urgent need of 7.588 million cuttings for the next five years in order to achieve this target. However, shortages of planting materials, low productivity and occurrence of pests and diseases remain as the major challenge of pepper industry nowadays. Therefore, a novel farming innovation, namely W-configuration cultivation method has been developed to ensure high production of planting materials for large-scale pepper cultivation and at the same time to maximize land use in pepper farm. A field evaluation was conducted to compare the cutting production among W-configuration, V-configuration and traditional cultivation method. W-configuration recorded the highest mean number of pepper cuttings produced with 11.97 cuttings per vine in every pruning cycle, or equivalent to 71% of increment as compared to 7.00 cuttings per vine produced from the traditional planting method. Meanwhile, V-configuration produced 8.91 of mean cuttings, which are significantly lower than those produced by W-configuration method and yet comparable to traditional method. Based on return on investment (ROI) analysis, implementation of W-configuration cultivation method was able to achieve 35% of return per cycle of planting within two years for the first cycle and upsurged to approximately 355% for the subsequence cycle. Furthermore, this novel innovation also out-yielded traditional planting method by 75.27% for the first and second year of green berry production. The ROI analysis proved the feasibility of this newly developed cultivation method to create potential new income for pepper smallholders in Malaysia, who traditionally cultivate pepper for its peppercorn production. This study also enlightened the thorough planting procedures of W-configuration cultivation method mainly for pepper cutting production.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44703412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of some new wine grape cultivars under São Francisco Valley conditions.","authors":"P. Leão, B. Nunes, E. M. C. D. Souza, G. Rego, J. H. B. Nascimento","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the performance and characteristics of the grapes as subsidies to the recommendation of new wine grape cultivars for the Sao Francisco Valley. An experiment was carried out in Petrolina, Pernambuco state, during four seasons in 2014 and 2015 and the treatments were represented by 10 cultivars and three breeding selections: Grenache, Tempranillo, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Petit Verdot and Syrah for red wines and Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc and breeding selections 46, 14 and 47 for white wines. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates and two useful plants per plot. The following variables were evaluated: sprouting, bud fertility rate, Ravaz index, production, number of clusters, weight, length and width of cluster, weight and volume of 100 berries, soluble solids and titratable acidity. A better balance between production and vigour was obtained in Grenache, Merlot and Tempranillo cultivars, presenting values of 7.56, 6.50 and 5.93, respectively, for Ravaz index. Grenache, Chenin Blanc and Tempranillo were the most productive cultivars with average yields estimated at 10.4, 8.7 and 8.4 ton/ha/season. Selection 14 had longer, wider and less compact clusters, which can reduce clusters rottenness. The percentage of sprouting ranged from 38.13% in selection 14 to 77.6% in cv. Chenin Blanc. The average index of bud fertility was 0.79 cluster/bud, with no significant differences among cultivars. Greater potential for sugar accumulation was found in the selections 14, 46 and 47, while the titratable acidity ranged from 0.63% in cv. Merlot to 0.89% in selection 47. Grenache and Tempranillo have showed potential to obtain adequate yield and balanced vines, while Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec and Petit Verdot presented low yield being necessary to select clones more productive and well adapted to the tropical conditions. Further information about the quality of grapes and wines should be added to these results to allow the recommendation of new cultivars or breeding selections of wine grapes for the Sao Francisco Valley.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44839631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culture of Scenedesmus acuminatus in Corn Steep Liquor","authors":"C. Kubo, R. Canevesi, E. A. Silva, N. Sebastien, T. Baumgartner","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae have been evaluated as a source of lipids for biodiesel production. They can be grown on effluent and produce biomass while removing organic and mineral components from the medium. The use of agro-industrial wastes for the production of microalgae is an alternative to reduce the costs related to the composition of the culture medium, thus reducing operational costs considerably. This work was conceived as a research about the cultivation of microalgae Scenedesmus acuminatus on the substrate composed by corn steep liquor. A central composite design (CCD) was carried to study the influence of the effluent and inoculum concentration on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the culture. Statistical analysis indicated that the percentage of inoculum and effluent had an influence on the COD. The cultivation, together with the coagulation procedure, was efficient for the removal of organic matter, verified through the COD reduction and changing of pH value. These two parameters reached the appropriate level according to the standard required by current legislation.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41927572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Above-Optimum Temperature-Induced Differential Photosynthetic and Roots Morphometric Responses in Two Contrasting Rice Genotypes.","authors":"D. Moura, Moraes. I. L. de., R. D. S. Armensto, R. R. D. Silva, F. Reolon, J. Borela, P. R. R. Fagundes, G. Brito, S. Deuner","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature thresholds during the rice (Oryza sativa L.) cycle development have been reported to affect plant metabolism. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the above-optimal temperature on photosynthetic and morphometric parameters in two contrasting irrigated rice genotypes (BRS Querência—sensitive and Nagina 22 (N22)—tolerant). Plants of both genotypes were grown in rhizotrons and always maintained under two temperature conditions: Out—under environmental temperature conditions, and In—rhizotrons inside a plastic structure, which increased the temperature about 3 °C to 5 °C above the external one. In the genotype N22, there was an increase (twofold higher) in CO2 assimilation in plants cultivated under elevated temperature (In). In BRS Querência, the stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) decreased upon high temperature. The rise in the temperature also negatively impacted in the modulated fluorescence parameters in both genotypes. Increases in root dry weight (RDW) and shoot dry weight (SDW) were also observed in the genotype N22 when compared to BRS Querência upon temperature rise. In general, the N22 genotype showed greater response to the above-optimal temperature due to its intrinsic thermotolerance traits over BRS Querência. Thus, N22 appeared as a potential donor of heat tolerance genes aiming to obtain new cultivar to face current global warming.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46747837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Response of Artemisia annua by Effect of Types and Composition of Organic Fertilizer in Lowland","authors":"P. Nugroho, Y. Widyastuti, Samanhudi, A. Yunus","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"Artemisia annua is a plant used to cure malaria diseases. Artemisia plant contains artemisinin as secondary metabolite that used to eliminate parasite that caused malaria, such as Plasmodium falciparum. Artemisia growth affects production of artemisinin content in plant. Therefore, necessary environment conditions and appropriate organic manure application are needed to support the growth of Artemisia. This research aimed to determine the effect of fertilizer type and proportion in the medium on the Artemisia growth. This research was conducted at greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, in October 2015 to January 2016. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of two factors of treatment with three replications. The first factor was type of fertilizer that consists of three types: horse manure fertilizer, compost filter press mud and cow manure fertilizer. The second factor was proportion of fertilizer with media consisted of five levels: fertilizer as media, proportion of fertilizer with media 4:1, 3:2, 2:3 and 1:4. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test with level of 5%. It can be concluded that treatment with compost filter press mud provided the highest of plant height, root length, days to flowering, root volume, fresh weight and dry weight of crop.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48568590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Mill Effluent for Growth, Availability and Uptake of Nutrients by Palm Oil Seedlings","authors":"N. Nurlaeny, M. Arifin, D. Sobardini","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"A large amount of palm oil mill effluent is one of the issues faced by palm oil producers in Indonesia. To alleviate the environmental pollution, it is necessary to reduce the problem by using it as a liquid organic fertilizer. A pot experiment to determine the effects of mill effluent on growth of palm oil seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), availability and uptake of macronutrients was conducted in Tandun Plantation Unit, province of Riau, Indonesia. The experiment used a randomized block design, consisting nine combinations of mill effluent doses (3.2, 6.4 and 9.6 L) and recommended fertilizer doses (100%, 75%, 50% NPKMg) in 20 kg soil and one control. The experiment was replicated three times. The results showed that plant height, stem diameter and number of fronds of palm oil seedlings at 26 weeks after planting (WAP) were significantly affected by application of 9.6 L mill effluent with 50%-75% NPKMg. The enhancement of soil organic C (Corg) content, soil pH and cation exchange capacity due to the application of 9.6 L mill effluent combined with 50% NPKMg caused the availability of soil P and total N (Ntot) increased significantly, while exchangeable K was affected by application of 6.4 L mill effluent combined with 100% NPKMg. All treatments did not affect soil exchangeable Mg. A positive correlation between availability of soil N, P, K and its uptake by palm oil seedlings at 26 WAP were indicated by r = 0.61, 0.63 and 0.57, respectively.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49027728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Canola Seed Longevity in the Drying Process","authors":"A. Fujii, José Tadeu Jorge, Juliana A. Fracarolli","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"The probit analysis has been an important tool to predict seed longevity during storage and has been applied for seed drying simulation. Sealed aluminum pouches containing approximately 50 g of canola seed at moisture range of 7% to 21% of water content web basis (%) were conditioned in water-bath at 50, 60 and 70 °C to obtain the model to evaluate the reduction of canola seed germination. This model was included in the drying simulation program and the estimated germination was compared to the experimental values of germination during drying to validate the model. Canola seeds at 21% of moisture content and germination of 93% were dried at 51 °C and 61 °C, and the model represented significantly the drying experiments. The aim of this study was to propose a germination model to evaluate the quality of canola seeds during the drying process and to offer the seed producers an important tool to control the drying process. The experimental data validated the objectives of the proposed drying model, optimizing the process at given conditions, managing the energy consumption, according to the minimum germination or maximum moisture content limitation for seed storage. For 51 °C, the drying time for canola seed would be about 6 h to maintain germination above 90% and for 61 °C, 4 h of drying time maintained germination up to 89%.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48045950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agro-biodiversity Park for Conservation and Preservation of Native Flora and Fauna in Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, India","authors":"Mohammad Abdul Awal Khan, A. Krishna","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"In newly developed agro-biodiversity park, several plantation blocks were developed in phased manner, such as teak (2,200 plants in 2.2 ha), mahuva (1,500, 1.5 ha) plant dominant community blocks and mixed forest tree block (4,600, 2.5 ha). Besides, a separate generic blocks of, viz., palm (300, 0.4 ha), medicinal trees (700, 0.7 ha), bael (Aegel marmelos) (200, 0.4 ha) and minor fruit tree block (1,200, 1.0 ha). A species diversity Ficus block (225 no. of 30 species in 0.4 ha) was also developed and maintained. Of late rare, endemic, endangered and threatened species Ceropegia (Asclepiadaceae) was identified in 2014. Since then, utmost care was taken for conservation and preservation in agro-biodiversity park. Every year during monsoon, the gap filling was done to maintain greenery in different block plantations. Water ponds and bodies were also created as a source of water for all resident and migratory bio-creatures for promotion of fauna genetic resources. The natural fauna present in agro-biodiversity park are wild boars, field rabbits, small mammalians, field peacocks, reptiles, lizards, avians, amphibians, toads, etc.. Besides, 24 species of insects, five species of fish and eight species of reptiles were recorded. Out of 120 species of butterflies present in the state, 56 were found in the park. The bird species increased from 35 to 172 species within eight years of duration. The creation of different plantation blocks has facilitated to increase flora and fauna in the park. The native flora and fauna were protected by erecting chain link mesh as border fencing against movement of trespass and livestock animals. The agro-biodiversity park was aimed mainly to preserve, conserve and promote the native flora and fauna through ex-situ conservation of species and to establish 15-20 biotic communities, including wild relative field crops, such as cereals, millets, pulses, oilseeds and fiber crops as a repository that flourished in the Deccan plateau in the past. The other objectives were to restore and develop the existing dry land and wet land habit to preserve and conserve the genetic resources.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49372047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Date Palm Seeds (Phoenix dactyliferous L.) on Growth Indices and Nutrient Utilization of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L.","authors":"V. Ahmed, N. Abdulrahman, Sarwar Abubaker HamaAmeen, B. Hassan, A. Abbas, Baxan Akram Hussen, Idres Shexa Hamad, Sana Abdulla Karem, Kale Mamand Aziz","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2017.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2017.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to study the effect of adding different levels of date palm seed (Phoentix dactyliferous) powder in the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) at fish laboratory of Animal Production Department, College of Agricultural Sciences, Sulaimani University, Sulaimani, Iraq. The actual experimental feeding trials were conducted for 70 d and the adaptation period for 21 d. A total of 81 common carp fingerlings weighted 62 ± 2 g were divided into three experimental groups. The control treatment T1 was with 0 g date palm seed, T2 with 2.5 g date palm seed per kg diet and T3 with 5 g date palm seed per kg diet. Each treatment was in three replicates in which three common carp fingerlings were stocked in each aquarium which fed the experimental diets twice daily. The results indicated that weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) in the third treatment (T3) group were significantly higher than those of fish fed control diets. T2 consumed more diet than other treatments with 306.940 g with higher feed conversion ratio (FCR); T3 was higher significantly in food efficiency. No significant (P < 0.05) differences obtained from consumed protein while the protein efficiency ratio was significantly higher in T3 with 319.323. Control was higher significantly in flesh weight without viscera with the third treatment; in flesh weight without head and viscera each the control and the second treatment was significantly higher than the third treatment. As a conclusion, the date palm seeds powder have a positive effect on growth performance of common carp.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46014570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}