农业科学与技术:B最新文献_第3页

Induced Polyploidy via Colchicine Treatment Increases Flower Size and Fruit Weight in Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) 秋水仙碱诱导醋栗多倍体增加花的大小和果实的重量

农业科学与技术:B Pub Date : 2020-06-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6264/2020.03.003

Ravindra Kumar, S. Sengupta, S. Misra, S. C. Narayan, Kamleshwar Singh

{"title":"Induced Polyploidy via Colchicine Treatment Increases Flower Size and Fruit Weight in Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.)","authors":"Ravindra Kumar, S. Sengupta, S. Misra, S. C. Narayan, Kamleshwar Singh","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2020.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2020.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"An induced polyploid plant through colchicine treatment offers probably the best scope for improvement in flower size and fruit weight. Thus, in the present study, an attempt was made to induce polyploidy in Cape gooseberry using colchicine with the objective of creating more genetic variability. The colchicine concentrations were used as 0.10% (C1), 0.20% (C2) and 0.40% (C3) for the duration 12 (H1), 24 (H2) and 36 (H3) hours for each concentration with seedling apex dip method (M1), cotton plug method (M2) and lanolin paste method (M3). The plants treated with 0.10% of colchicine by cotton plug method for 12 h showed the better performance during the years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in respect of more delay in the flower bud emergence (54 d and 53 d from the date of transplanting), anthesis (19 d and 20 d from the first appearance of bud to full anthesis of flower) and fruit setting (8.00 d and 9.00 d from the date of anthesis), bigger flower size (2.93 cm and 3.00 cm) than the untreated plants. The lower percentage of pollen viability (40.33% and 40.67%) was noticed in the same treatment in comparison to control (70.33% and 72.33%). The fruit maturity was also extended (59 d and 60 d from the date of fruit set) with bigger sized fruits (length: 2.53 cm and 2.57 cm, breadth: 2.27 cm and 2.33 cm) as well as more fruit weight (8.70 g and 8.33 g) by the application of colchicine at 0.10% with cotton plug method for 12 h. On the basis of results obtained, the application of colchicine at 0.10% for 12 h duration with cotton plug method was found to be the best and effective treatment for induction of polyploidy as well as more flower size and fruit weight in Cape gooseberry.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45038740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effectiveness of Firewise Approach (FWA) in Controlling Forest Fire: A Case of Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve (UNFR), Morogoro, Tanzania 防火方法(FWA)在控制森林火灾中的有效性——以坦桑尼亚莫罗戈罗Uluguru自然森林保护区为例

农业科学与技术:B Pub Date : 2020-06-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6264/2020.03.006

P. Kagosi, S. Nkya, C. Balama, I. Babili

{"title":"Effectiveness of Firewise Approach (FWA) in Controlling Forest Fire: A Case of Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve (UNFR), Morogoro, Tanzania","authors":"P. Kagosi, S. Nkya, C. Balama, I. Babili","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2020.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2020.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"Forest fire has received considerable attention in literature because it is considered one of the most common factors causing disturbances in ecosystems and at the same time considered vital in maintaining ecosystems. Firewise Approach (FWA) has been proposed and used for controlling forest fire and achieving sustainable forest management. The approach requires involvement of communities in managing forest fire incidences in reserved forests. Despite considerable period since FWA has been practiced, there is insufficient scholarly knowledge on effectiveness of the approach in managing forest fire. This paper examines the effectiveness of FWA in managing forest fires in Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve (UNFR). The study employed cross-section research design that involved quantitative and qualitative data collection. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software and content analysis. The study found alternating periods: the period of overall decrease of wildfire incidences within initial five years of practising the approach. The study concludes that the FWA is useful in reducing forest fire incidences during early period of practising the approach and another period of huge fire occurrence beyond five years. However, the FWA has challenges of sustaining successes in controlling forest fires including limited fire management training to common community. The study recommends sustaining communities’ trainings on forest fire management.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45693267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Establishment of Community-Based Dissemination Model and Its Effective Function for Sustainable Food Security and Poverty Reduction 社区传播模式的建立及其对可持续粮食安全和减贫的有效作用

农业科学与技术:B Pub Date : 2020-04-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6264/2020.02.003

T. Do, T. Le, Thi Thu Dung Cao, Nobuko Otsuki, Masumi Kano

{"title":"Establishment of Community-Based Dissemination Model and Its Effective Function for Sustainable Food Security and Poverty Reduction","authors":"T. Do, T. Le, Thi Thu Dung Cao, Nobuko Otsuki, Masumi Kano","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2020.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2020.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Vietnam ranks as one of the largest rice exporters in the world. Two major deltas, the Mekong River Delta and the Red River Delta, contribute around 70% of the country’s rice production and 90% of its rice exports, while people in the mountainous areas of Central Vietnam still suffer from food shortage for three to four months per year. To combat this incongruous situation, the Foundation for International Development/Relief (FIDR), a Japan-based non-governmental organization (NGO), launched a project to introduce system of rice intensification (SRI) methods and developed the community-based dissemination (CBD) model. One of the difficulties that the government and aid agencies generally face is to create an effective and sustainable dissemination model, when the newly-introduced technology is totally unfamiliar to targeted region and residents. Vietnam consists of 54 ethnic groups, and 14% of the population is comprised of 53 ethnic minorities, mainly living in mountainous areas. Almost 50% of them still live below the poverty line and are threatened by food shortage. Within their cultural context, it is hard to adapt to the new concepts of farming, and they are not used to paddy rice cultivation yet. As the result of the project, the model successfully reduced the food shortage of 1.5 months less in average with more than 4,000 households involved. The model is now turned over to the local government as a case of sustainable management practices. This paper aimed to examine what made the model effectively function.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44447562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Critical Soil Phosphorus Values for Yield Reduction in Intensive Agricultural Systems 集约化农业系统中土壤磷的临界减产值

农业科学与技术:B Pub Date : 2020-04-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6264/2020.02.001

Stijn Martens, Wendy Odeurs, A. Elsen, Sophie Nawara, F. Amery, H. Vandendriessche

{"title":"Critical Soil Phosphorus Values for Yield Reduction in Intensive Agricultural Systems","authors":"Stijn Martens, Wendy Odeurs, A. Elsen, Sophie Nawara, F. Amery, H. Vandendriessche","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2020.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2020.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for agricultural production. Over-fertilization during decades caused an accumulation of P in soils leading to eutrophication in regions characterized by intensive agriculture. These environmental concerns together with the non-renewability of P resources have led to a more sustainable P use. Knowledge about the P need of crops is essential for a sustainable agriculture thereby minimizing P losses to the environment without lowering the yield substantially. Therefore, in this study, critical soil P values for yield reduction (PCrit) were determined based on fertilizer trials conducted between 1970 and 1988 and more recent fertilizer trials (2016-2017). At rotational level a common PCrit value of 109 mg P/kg dry soil (in an ammonium lactate and acetate extract) was determined. Crop specific PCrit values were also determined for seven crops (potato, winter wheat, barley, rye, maize, sugar beet and temporary grassland). These critical values ranged from 59 mg P/kg dry soil to 164 mg P/kg dry soil with winter wheat the least and maize the most sensitive towards P deficiency. The diversity in PCrit values among crops can mainly be explained by the root intensity but also rooting depth, exudation of organic acids and phosphatases may influence the PCrit value. The soil pH also influenced the P availability significantly. Soils with a favorable pH had a significantly higher availability (i.e., lower PCrit value) for all crops compared to soils with a suboptimal pH. Critical soil P values might help to set up new or to evaluate current soil P in target zones used for P fertilizer recommendations.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43293394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Residual Feed Intake as a Measure to Select Genetically Productive Beef Cattle: A Review 剩余采食量作为选择肉牛遗传生产能力指标的研究进展

农业科学与技术:B Pub Date : 2020-04-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6264/2020.02.007

T. Valente, A. Cezário, W. D. Santos, Jeferson Corrêa Ribeiro, E. M. B. Oliveira, E. Lima, B. B. Deminicis, Thasia Martins Macedo, Rogério de Carvalho Veloso

{"title":"Residual Feed Intake as a Measure to Select Genetically Productive Beef Cattle: A Review","authors":"T. Valente, A. Cezário, W. D. Santos, Jeferson Corrêa Ribeiro, E. M. B. Oliveira, E. Lima, B. B. Deminicis, Thasia Martins Macedo, Rogério de Carvalho Veloso","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2020.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2020.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"Measures such as residual feed intake (RFI) have been increasingly considered to select cattle with superior feed efficiency, as it is a characteristic of feed efficiency calculated as the difference between observed intake and estimated intake considering metabolic weight and the weight gain. Estimated feed intake is obtained through the multiple regression equation of observed consumption on metabolic mean live weight and weight gain. The standard was shared among animals into one herd selected for low RFI (high efficiency) and compared to the one selected for high RFI (low efficiency). There was no correlated response in weight per year and in weight gain, and the effectiveness of low RFI selection in reducing feed costs was proven without affecting production. However, selection of animals with negative RFI is not done by selecting animals directly according to the size of the viscera, rather it is done indirectly, that is, when selecting the most efficient animals and normally these animals already have the smallest viscera size. The RFI is a trait that presents genetic variability, selectable to improve and has moderate heritability, between 0.30 and 0.35. The RFI is important because it reduces the direct economic impacts of reduced feed intake, as well as the effects of environmental impact on reducing methane emissions from enteric fermentation of ruminants.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67560296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Cereal-Legume Cropping on Striga Control and Maize Yield 谷物-豆科作物对斯特里格病防治和玉米产量的评价

农业科学与技术:B Pub Date : 2020-02-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6264/2020.01.005

Vivian Namutebi, L. Mulumba, J. Bisikwa

引用次数: 0

Obtaining New Potato Cultivars with Late Blight Resistance and Adapted to Climate Change Using Participatory Varietal Selection 利用参与型品种选择获得抗晚疫病和适应气候变化的马铃薯新品种

农业科学与技术:B Pub Date : 2020-02-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6264/2020.01.003

Noemí Zúñiga, Manuel Gastelo, Carolina Bastos, Jhercy Reyes, Edson Alania, Evelin Ninalaya

引用次数: 1

Seed Scarification Improves Physiological Growth and Development of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea) Depending on Seed Coat Colour 种子Scarification根据种皮颜色改善斑花花生的生理生长发育

农业科学与技术:B Pub Date : 2020-02-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6264/2020.01.004

Silindile Miya, A. Modi

{"title":"Seed Scarification Improves Physiological Growth and Development of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea) Depending on Seed Coat Colour","authors":"Silindile Miya, A. Modi","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2020.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2020.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the effect of scarification on bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) physiological growth and development and crop phenology. Bambara groundnut landrace seeds used in this study were characterized by seed coat colour (cream, light brown and brown). Seed scarification treatments were mechanical (sand paper) and chemical (sulphuric acid) scarification, while seeds that were not scarified served as a control. A completely randomized design with three replications was used. The parameters that were assessed were time to emergence, final emergence percentage, leaf number, chlorophyll content index (CCI), canopy diameter, plant height, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic performance index (Pi), time to flowering and time to senescence. CCI, leaf number and plant height were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by seed coat colour, seed scarification treatments and their interaction thereof. Seed scarification treatment had a significant effect on CCI, leaf number and plant height. Generally, seed scarification improved plant overall performance than the control. Chemical scarification presented superior performance of bambara groundnut growth and development. Light brown seeds produced plants with superior overall performance, having superior emergence, CCI, leaf number, and early flowering and senescence. Light brown seeds were followed by cream seeds in terms of superiority of plant performance, having produced plants with superior canopy diameter, plant height and Pi. Therefore, bambara groundnut farmers and researchers can successfully use scarification to improve its physiological growth and attain earlier phenological stages, hence maturity. At the same time, light brown seeds should be selected for cultivation to give the best plant performance.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45420571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of Citrus Canker on Citrus Leaves and Fruit Surfaces in the Grove Using Deep Learning Neural Networks 基于深度学习神经网络的柑桔叶和果表面溃疡病识别

农业科学与技术:B Pub Date : 2020-02-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6264/2020.01.006

M. Moshia, L. L. Mzini

{"title":"Identification of Citrus Canker on Citrus Leaves and Fruit Surfaces in the Grove Using Deep Learning Neural Networks","authors":"M. Moshia, L. L. Mzini","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2020.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2020.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus canker (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri) is a bacterial disease of citrus tree leaves and is the most feared citrus disease, affecting all types of important citrus crops. Currently, there is no cure for citrus canker but experimental prevention methods. Citrus canker is a quarantine disease, meaning that citrus fruits with citrus canker cannot be transported between countries or markets, and this is a huge threat to the citrus production industry. Citrus exports to international markets are highly restricted today due to fruit diseases such as citrus canker because fruits are quarantined for bigger world markets such as European Union (EU) and United States of America citrus markets. For a row-guided robot to detect citrus canker infections on leaves and fruits in the grove, there is a need for an accurate method that can detect defects on the leaves and surface of fruits, classify citrus leaf and fruit images on-the-go, and discriminate citrus canker from other defects. Previous methods in machine vision could detect defects on the surface of citrus fruits, though, the methods were unable to differentiate defects. The neural network system invents edge detection, and automatically learns to characterize the image in terms of edges that appear in the image, and give a more succinct, higher-level representation than raw pixels. A standard strategy in deep learning neural networks is to run the learning algorithm with many optimization parameters and pick the model that gives the best performance on a validation set. The authors are optimistic that identification of citrus canker on citrus leaves and fruit surfaces in the grove could be one of the agricultural problems that can potentially benefit from deep learning neural network approach, and consequently, help to eradicate the predicaments facing the citrus industry.","PeriodicalId":70192,"journal":{"name":"农业科学与技术:B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46541219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Innovations and Revolutions in Indian Agriculture: A Review 印度农业的创新与革命:综述

农业科学与技术:B Pub Date : 2018-08-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6264/2018.08.001

Ashok Gulati, Ritika Juneja

引用次数: 3