ACS ES&T engineering最新文献

{"title":"Upgrading of Lignocellulosic Biomass toward the Development of Advanced Carbon Materials for Environmental Applications","authors":"Miriam Navlani-García,&nbsp;David Salinas-Torres,&nbsp;Ting Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenfeng Bian,&nbsp;Hexing Li,&nbsp;Diego Cazorla-Amorós,&nbsp;Hiromi Yamashita","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.6c00212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00212","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of biomass in the energy landscape has arousedgreat interestbecause of the diversity of high-value-added products that can beobtained. Among them, carbon materials stand out for properties suchas their high chemical and thermal stability, large specific surfacearea, and possibility of modifying their surface properties by introducingheteroatoms, which make them ideal candidates for countless applications.The present review addresses to some of the representative works relatedto the preparation of advanced carbon materials prepared from biomassresidues for applications of environmental interest, such as environmentalremediation, catalytic processes, and energy-related devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"6 8","pages":"2044–2060"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organophosphate Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Molybdate and Molybdate/Hydrogel Hybrid","authors":"Jiangfeng Xu,&nbsp;Jakub Hyvl,&nbsp;Jan Genzer,&nbsp;Kirill Efimenko","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.6c00358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00358","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The hydrolysis of organophosphate (OP) esters is criticalfor bothenvironmental detoxification and the understanding of fundamentalbiological processes. This study investigates the catalytic activityof molybdate for the hydrolysis of two structurally related OP substrates: <em>p</em>-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP), a DNA model compound, anddimethyl <em>p</em>-nitrophenyl phosphate (DMNP), a chemicalwarfare agent simulant. Notably, we report the first example of DMNPhydrolysis catalyzed by molybdate. Kinetic analyses revealed divergentpH dependencies; optimal pNPP hydrolysis occurred at pH 4.8, whereasDMNP hydrolysis rates increased alongside pH. Mechanistic investigationsusing ³¹P{H} NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that pNPP formsstable monodentate and bidentate complexes with molybdate due to itsavailable coordinating hydroxyl groups. In contrast, DMNP lacks thesegroups, and no stable intermediate complexes were observed, highlightinga strictly substrate-dependent catalytic mechanism. To mitigate theenvironmental toxicity associated with homogeneous molybdate, we developeda heterogeneous catalytic system by electrostatically immobilizingthe active species within a polyethylenimine/polymethylvinylether-<em>co</em>-maleic anhydride (PEI/PMVEMA) hydrogel. This hybrid materialsignificantly accelerated the degradation of both OPs, achieving reactionkinetics comparable to those of the free catalyst in solution. Thiswork elucidates the structural factors governing molybdate catalysisand presents a stable, scalable heterogeneous platform for the sustainableremediation of organophosphorus pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"6 8","pages":"2311–2320"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition Effects and Stabilization Mechanisms in Groundwater-Fed Drinking Water Distribution Systems during Full-Scale Modified Pellet Fluidized Bed Softening","authors":"Changgeng Li,&nbsp;Yan Chen,&nbsp;Cheng Liu,&nbsp;Jing Sun,&nbsp;Yun Han,&nbsp;Yufan Chen,&nbsp;Huan Liu,&nbsp;Aijun Du,&nbsp;Qilin Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.6c00343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00343","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Softening groundwater with elevated hardness, iron (Fe),and manganese(Mn) can substantially improve treated water quality. However, introducingchemically modified water into drinking water distribution systems(DWDS) disrupts the established water-deposit equilibrium, triggeringtransition effects that compromise water quality and operational stability.Although such effects have been reported following major treatmentupgrades, the transition dynamics of full-scale DWDS during softeningand the mechanisms governing restabilization remain poorly understood.This study presents a one-year full-scale investigation of how CO₂-adjusted softened water from a modified pellet fluidizedbed softening-manganese sand filtration (MPFBS-MSF) process affectspipeline deposits in an operational DWDS. Optimal performance occurredat 120 mg/L softening agent with 110 mg/L CO₂, effectivelyinhibiting scaling while maintaining drinking water compliance. However,implementing this treatment triggered a transition period that destabilizedthe water-deposit equilibrium. During the 15-day transition period,elevated Fe and Mn concentrations, CaCO₃ release, and electrochemicalinstability occurred. Density functional theory (DFT) and thermodynamicanalyses indicated that preferential dissolution of the CaCO₃ cement weakens the interfacial Ca–O–Fe and Ca–O–Mnbridging bonds, releasing Fe(III)-Mn oxide composite particles fromthe deposit layer. The system required approximately 70–80days to restabilize. To mitigate these transition effects, gradualsoftening agent dosing was implemented. This strategy reduced transitionintensity to 22% of that under abrupt dosing, shortened the restabilizationperiod by 43%, and yielded net operational savings of 0.08–0.12CNY/m³ (0.01–0.02 USD/m³) during thetransition period. Over a 20-year analysis period, the benefit-costratio reached 1.50. These findings provide a practical framework formanaging softening-induced transition effects in groundwater-fed distributionsystems with aging cement mortar-lined metallic pipes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"6 8","pages":"2259–2272"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Data-Driven Models for Performance Prediction and Chemical Dosing of a Full-Scale Controlled Phosphorus Precipitation Reactor","authors":"Joseph E. Lybik,&nbsp;Nancy G. Love,&nbsp;Rudy Maltos,&nbsp;Joshua Goldman,&nbsp;Kathryn B. Newhart","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.6c00351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00351","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Controlled struviteprecipitation of postanaerobic digestion streamsenables both phosphorus removal and fertilizer generation. Optimizingprocess control for these reactors remains difficult due to the lackof real-time measurements for key variables, including influent orthophosphate(OP) concentration, effluent OP concentration, and OP removal. Thisstudy applied data-driven modeling to predict these variables fora struvite precipitation reactor (MagPrex) at a water resource recoveryfacility in Denver, CO, USA. The models were used to recommend a magnesiumchloride (MgCl₂) dose to meet a target effluent OP concentration.Ridge regression provided the most accurate influent OP (test normalizedroot mean squared error, RMSE, of 9.3%) and OP removal (8.2%) predictions,while XGBoost performed best for effluent OP (9.1%). Effluent OP predictionswere used to determine whether the system was underdosed, ideal dose,or overdosed, which supported directional MgCl₂ set pointchanges. In simulation, the model correctly recommended a directionalset point change 97.7% of the time, corresponding to 3.0% MgCl₂ savings. Full-scale deployment yielded lower accuracy (88.5%),which was attributed to nonsteady state conditions such as reactorstartup and limited historical data at high OP concentrations. Thesefindings demonstrate the technology and utility potential and limitationsof data-driven decision support for struvite reactor control.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"6 8","pages":"2298–2310"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Surface Active Amine Regeneration for Carbon Recovery as Bicarbonate via Energy-Efficient Electrodialysis","authors":"Daniel King,&nbsp;Aayush Bendre,&nbsp;Omar A. Carrasco-Jaim,&nbsp;Juliet Ippolito,&nbsp;Upali P. Weerasooriya,&nbsp;Manish Kumar,&nbsp;Ryosuke Okuno","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.6c00248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00248","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermal regenerationof amine solvents for carbon captureis energyintensive, typically requiring 3–4 MJ/kg CO₂. RecoveringCO₂ directly as bicarbonate offers a more economical andthermodynamically favorable alternative when coupled with electrochemicalseparation. Here, we show that a conventional electrodialysis (ED)process can simultaneously regenerate a tertiary surface active amine(N-10PO) while recovering captured carbon as sodium bicarbonate underambient conditions. The ED system employed a tailored anion–anion–cation(AAC) membrane configuration that retained the amine while selectivelytransporting bicarbonate. Specific energy consumption (SEC) was minimizedat 1 mA/cm² to be 1.5 MJ/kg CO₂, as comparedto 3–4 MJ/kg CO₂ for thermal regeneration. The performanceof both amine regeneration and carbon recovery was consistent acrossthree testing cycles, and sodium hydroxide addition needed for regenerationdid not lead to degradation of membrane performance reused for overa year. Experiments at increasing current densities from 1–8mA/cm² led to increased regeneration rates 0.138 (±0.008,n = 3) to 0.637 (±0.037, n = 3) mol C recovered/min at the expenseof increased SEC from 1.56 (±0.16, n = 3) to 6.0 (±0.93,n = 3) MJ/kg CO₂. Overall, the proposed process providessystem simplicity, modularity, and compatibility with renewable energyintegration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"6 8","pages":"2184–2194"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shoreline-Adaptive Plastic Segmentation Network (SAPS-Net): A Dual-Cascade Framework with Cross-Modulated Feature Fusion for Automated Coastal Litter Monitoring","authors":"Jiehao Chen,&nbsp;Zongguo Wen,&nbsp;Chao Zhou,&nbsp;Mao Xu,&nbsp;Muling Yang","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.6c00098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Automated monitoring of coastal plastic pollution iscritical forenvironmental management, but is severely hindered by the complexityof shoreline environments. Generic computer vision models fail dueto extreme scale variation (from large nets to small fragments), complexbackground clutter (e.g., seaweed, rocks), and object deformation.We introduce the Shoreline-Adaptive Plastic Segmentation Network (SAPS-Net),a novel dual-cascade framework that addresses these “in-the-wild”challenges. SAPS-Net first classifies the shoreline’s environmentalcontext (e.g., sandy, rocky) to dynamically load a specialized “expert”segmentation model. The model integrates bespoke modules for scale-adaptiveattention and noise-gated dynamic convolution to precisely segmentboth large debris and small fragments. Trained on our new, large-scaleCoastal Plastic Litter Data set (CPLD), SAPS-Net achieves a state-of-the-art70.1% Average Precision (AP), significantly outperforming baselines(e.g., +17.6 AP vs Mask R-CNN). Crucially, it demonstrates a 10.0-pointimprovement in small-object AP (APs), addressing the most prevalentform of pollution. Empirical validation in a real-world field study(Hebei Province) confirmed the model’s robustness, achieving0.90 F1-score and 0.95 precision. SAPS-Net provides a validated, scalable,and efficient tool for high-resolution litter mapping, optimizingcleanup logistics, and informing environmental policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"6 8","pages":"2119–2132"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Determinants of Organic Acids Governing Cr(VI) Reduction by Sulfidated Nano Zero-Valent Iron","authors":"Yinshun Dai,&nbsp;Litao Zhou,&nbsp;Yucheng Feng,&nbsp;Zhongkai Duan,&nbsp;Shiwen Sun,&nbsp;Shu-Guang Wang,&nbsp;Maoxia He,&nbsp;Chunjiang An,&nbsp;Shan Zhao","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.6c00352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sulfidated nano zerovalent iron (S-nZVI)shows promisefor Cr(VI)remediation, yet the influence of coexisting organic acid (OAs) structureson Cr(VI) reduction by S-nZVI with different sulfur contents remainsunclear. Herein, polysulfide (S_<em>x</em>^2–) precursors induced Fe⁰ oxidation to produce high-sulfurS_<em>x</em>^2–@nZVI with 9-foldhigher sulfidation efficiency than monosulfide-derived S^2–@nZVI. S_<em>x</em>^2–@nZVI exhibitedsuperior Cr(VI) reduction due to the reduced interfacial resistanceand increased Fe_<em>x</em>S_<em>y</em> serving as secondary electron donors. OAs enhanced Cr(VI)reduction via proton supply and complexation-induced depassivation.Elongated alkyl chains suppressed OA ionization, increasing H⁺ availability and promoting direct electron donation fromiron (poly)sulfides. In contrast, numerous hydroxyl (−OH) groupsreduced H⁺ availability but strengthened complexation,mitigating the surface passivation. However, strong complexation of–OH increased the negative surface potential of Fe(III/II)-OAcomplexes, intensifying electrostatic repulsion with S^2–/S_<em>x</em>^2– and HCrO₄^–/CrO₄^2–, whichsuppressed Fe(II) regeneration and Fe(II)-OA electron transfer toCr(VI). OAs with weaker-complexing alkyl chains exhibited the oppositeeffect and effectively suppressed Fe/Cr leaching. Consequently, longalkyl chains with high H⁺ capacity and low complexationfavor high-sulfur S_<em>x</em>^2–@nZVI for Cr(VI) removal, while α-OH groups with strong complexationand extra electron-donating function govern low-sulfur S^2–@nZVI performance. These findings provide mechanistic guidance forS-nZVI design and OA selection in Cr(VI) remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"6 8","pages":"2287–2297"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct One-Pot Conversion of Used-Clothing-Derived Cellulose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Over Sulfonated Silica Catalysts: A Solution for Sustainable Textile Waste Management","authors":"Bharti Kashyap,&nbsp;Sahil Kumar,&nbsp;Venkata Krishnan","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.6c00289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00289","url":null,"abstract":"<p>5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a versatile platformmoleculederived from renewable feedstocks and widely recognized as a key intermediatefor the production of high-value chemicals and fuel components traditionallyobtained from fossil resources. This study uses a sulfonated silicacatalyst (SiO₂–SO₃H) with high Brønstedacidity to convert waste textile-derived cellulosic biomass directlyinto 5-HMF in a biphasic hydrothermal system. The reaction was carriedout in a THF/water biphasic medium, in which THF facilitates in situextraction of 5-HMF, preventing further degradation. NaCl improvesphase separation and extraction efficiency, while NaHCO₃ facilitates glucose-fructose isomerization. At 200 °C, a maximum5-HMF yield of 44% was obtained under optimal conditions. The resulting5-HMF can be further processed into value-added chemicals such as2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan and 5-chloromethylfurfural. Overall, thiscatalytic system provides a practical balance between catalytic efficiencyand sustainability for biomass valorization.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"6 8","pages":"2208–2222"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic Removal by Continuous Flow-Through Iron Electrocoagulation and Downstream Steps under Environmentally Relevant Conditions","authors":"Xicheng He,&nbsp;Jenna Skanberg,&nbsp;Daniel E. Giammar","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.6c00092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking water is a majorhealthconcern. This study investigated As(III) and As(V) removal by continuousflow-through iron electrocoagulation (EC) under varying iron dosesand water chemistry conditions. Effective arsenic removal (&gt;90%of100 μg/L) was achieved with a low iron dose of 5 mg/L and ashort EC reactor residence time of 11 s that was followed by flocculationand settling. Removal was primarily through adsorption of As(III)and As(V) to the EC-generated Fe(III) oxyhydroxide solids ferrihydriteand lepidocrocite. For influents containing As(III), oxidation ofAs(III) to As(V) also occurred. The removal processes occurred inboth the EC reactor and downstream treatment. EC-generated reactivesolids with high surface area and adsorption capacity provided betterarsenic removal than with preformed adsorbents. The removed arsenicremained largely immobile in the EC-generated solids. The extent ofarsenic removal was generally similar across pH 6 to 8. Phosphate(1 mg/L as P) inhibited the removal of both arsenic species. Dissolvedsilica (20 mg/L as SiO₂) suppressed As(III) removal buthad little effect on the amount of As(V) removed. In addition to thermodynamiceffects on adsorption equilibria, pH and co-occurring phosphate andsilica influenced removal rates by affecting iron oxidation, nucleation,and aggregation kinetics. The results integrate mechanistic understandingwith treatment performance, providing insight relevant to both fundamentalresearch and the application of EC in water treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"6 8","pages":"2072–2085"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfate-Informed State Correction Reveals Bed Evolution in Expanded-Bed Sulfur-Based Autotrophic Denitrification","authors":"Ying-Hui Zhu,&nbsp;Yu-Xin Fan,&nbsp;Han-Bing Xiao,&nbsp;Yi-Lu Sun,&nbsp;Zhou-Yang Li,&nbsp;Chen-Chen Pan,&nbsp;Ai-Jie Wang,&nbsp;Xue-Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.6c00362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00362","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Expanded-bed operation has rarely been explored as ahydraulicallytunable process for sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification (SAD),where long-term performance is often obscured by continuous mediaconsumption and bed structural drift. Here, we develop an expanded-bedSAD process packed with sulfur and siderite composite particles (1–5mm) and quantify how bed expansion ratio (BER) regulates nitrate removalacross packed, expanded, and incipient fluidized regimes. Moderateexpansion (BER 5.4–8%) intensified nitrate removal, with thebed-state-corrected volumetric nitrate removal rate increasing upto 3.7-fold and reaching 10.23 kg-N m^–3 d^–1. To enable fair benchmarking over long-term operation, we introducea sulfate-informed correction approach that estimates time-resolvedeffective bed volume and apparent surface availability from routinesulfate production, thereby distinguishing biofilm-associated performancechanges from geometric and hydraulic state drift caused by bed evolution.Expanded-bed operation promoted thinner and more viable biofilms (upto 81% live cells), accompanied by elevated detached biomass proteinand increased denitrification gene copy numbers quantified by DNA-basedqPCR. Overall, the study establishes expanded-bed SAD as a scalableprocess innovation and provides a practical approach to quantify bedevolution and evaluate long-term performance on a consistent, state-correctedbasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"6 8","pages":"2321–2333"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}