ACS ES&T engineering最新文献

{"title":"Production and Characterization of Biopolymer from Food Waste Using Pseudomonas putida","authors":"Rashmi Chandra,&nbsp;Tizazu H. Mekonnen,&nbsp;Trevor C. Charles,&nbsp;Sudharshan Juntupally,&nbsp;Aghasa Aghasa and Hyung-Sool Lee*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c0019610.1021/acsestengg.4c00196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00196https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00196","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study tested polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production by using<i>Pseudomonas putida</i> KT2440 in a 5 L lab-scale bioreactor, employing an A cell dry mass concentration of 8.69 ± 0.45 g/L was achieved with a volatile fatty acid (VFA) removal efficiency of 81.75 ± 3.08%. Remarkably, this study achieved the highest PHA mass fraction of (34.81 ± 1.67%). Analysis revealed that poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) contributes 83.6 to 86.1% of total PHA followed by poly(3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHH<i>x</i>) (6.6–8.6%) and poly(3-hydroxy-2-methylvalerate) (PH2MV) (4.9–8.3%). Thermogravimetric analysis showed that PHA polymer started degrading at a temperature of 150 °C with maximum polymer weight loss occurring at approximately 270 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed two peaks corresponding to the melting temperature of the polymer: 140.6, and 154.87 °C. This suggests that the resulting PHA polymer was a blend of different copolymers. This outcome is poised to advance the development of unified PHA production methods within a circular bioeconomy, enhancing both economic and environmental advantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"4 9","pages":"2177–2185 2177–2185"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142228207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and Characterization of Biopolymer from Food Waste Using Pseudomonas putida","authors":"Rashmi Chandra, Tizazu H. Mekonnen, Trevor C. Charles, Sudharshan Juntupally, Aghasa Aghasa, Hyung-Sool Lee","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c00196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00196","url":null,"abstract":"This study tested polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production by using<i>Pseudomonas putida</i> KT2440 in a 5 L lab-scale bioreactor, employing an A cell dry mass concentration of 8.69 ± 0.45 g/L was achieved with a volatile fatty acid (VFA) removal efficiency of 81.75 ± 3.08%. Remarkably, this study achieved the highest PHA mass fraction of (34.81 ± 1.67%). Analysis revealed that poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) contributes 83.6 to 86.1% of total PHA followed by poly(3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHH<i>x</i>) (6.6–8.6%) and poly(3-hydroxy-2-methylvalerate) (PH2MV) (4.9–8.3%). Thermogravimetric analysis showed that PHA polymer started degrading at a temperature of 150 °C with maximum polymer weight loss occurring at approximately 270 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed two peaks corresponding to the melting temperature of the polymer: 140.6, and 154.87 °C. This suggests that the resulting PHA polymer was a blend of different copolymers. This outcome is poised to advance the development of unified PHA production methods within a circular bioeconomy, enhancing both economic and environmental advantages.","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic Selectivity of an Electric Field-Induced Nonradical Pathway for Catalytic Oxidation of Phenolic Pollutants by Molecular Oxygen","authors":"Lin-Feng Zhai, Shu-Ya Xu, Jun Yu, Zhao-Jian Hu, Min Sun, Yan Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c00300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00300","url":null,"abstract":"Nonradical oxidation is a promising pathway for the selective removal of organic pollutants in complex wastewaters. However, traditional catalytic oxidation processes generally depend on free radicals to achieve favorable pollutant removal. Herein, we developed a nonradical pathway-governed catalytic oxidation process by applying an electric field to selectively activate a surface O₂-complex on a MnO catalyst. On the surface of positively polarized MnO, adsorbed O₂ was activated into positively charged peroxide species as the main reactive species. A Langmuir–Hinshelwood model based on irreversible bimolecular reaction between adsorbed reaction species was developed to kinetically differentiate the oxidation behaviors of twelve substituted phenolic compounds. The surface reaction rate constant was identified as the key parameter controlling the reaction kinetics. To unveil the substrate-dependent reaction rules of the nonradical pathway, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis was performed to correlate the surface reaction rate constants of phenolic compounds to their molecular features. A QSAR model was constructed by synergizing IE, <i>E</i>_HOMO, and <i>q</i>(<i>C</i>^–)_<i>n</i> together to predict the reactivity of a phenolic compound in the nonradical pathway. Guided by the QSAR model, the catalytic oxidation process was applied for safe and energy-saving treatment of triclosan-contaminated water. This work is anticipated to provide valuable information for triggering and manipulating nonradical catalytic oxidation processes as well as understanding their selective oxidation nature.","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical and Cost Assessment of Electrocatalytic Bromate Removal from Drinking Water","authors":"Kuan-Lin Lee, Chenxu Yan, Jingwen Xu, Carolyn E. Brady, Charles J. Werth","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c00203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00203","url":null,"abstract":"Bromate is a potential human carcinogen and is commonly found in water and wastewater after ozonation. Electrocatalytically, Pd has shown good activity in reducing bromate to bromide; however, the energy efficiency and cost of this technology in a realistic treatment system remain unknown. A custom filter-press reactor with minimal mass-transfer limitations was used to test the kinetics and energy consumption for bromate reduction using Pd, Ru, or Cu on activated carbon cloth as the cathode. In phosphate-buffered nanopure water at circumneutral pH, 95% of bromate was reduced to bromide (from 200 to 10 μg/L) in 1 h with a normalized activity of 2136 mL min^–1 g_Pd^–1. The total energy consumption was 0.576 kW h per gram of bromate removed, which is 9 to 43 times lower than that in reported studies. In Austin tap water (TW) at pH 9.5, the normalized activity dropped to 544 mL min^–1 g_Pd^–1, and the total energy consumption increased to 2.198 kW h per gram of bromate removed, still an improvement over all values reported in the literature despite the latter using synthetic waters. This superior performance is due to the design of the filter-press reactor that minimizes mass-transfer limitations as well as solution resistance compared to reactors evaluated in the literature, such as batch and three-dimensional electrochemical reactors. We note that any lost activity due to catalyst oxidation and poisonings in TW can be electrochemically regenerated by briefly applying a positive and strongly negative potential. This electrocatalytic treatment has estimated costs of $1.41 per 1000 gal (91% capital costs and 9% O&amp;M costs) and is comparable to ion exchange, granular activated carbon, and reverse osmosis, yet benefits from no waste stream generation, indicating that this technology is ready for evaluation at the pilot scale.","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"2021 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical Ultrafiltration-Catalysis Ceramic Membrane for Enhanced Oily Wastewater Treatment: The Synergy Effect between High-Efficiency Catalysis and Separation","authors":"Caihong Liu, Xihui Jiang, Zhiqiang Sun, Rui Gao, Min Wang, Qiang He, Jun Ma","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c00257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00257","url":null,"abstract":"Catalytic membranes that enable simultaneous micropollutant degradation during oil/water separation have emerged as a promising candidate for treating complex emulsified oily wastewater. However, this hybrid system suffers from membrane fouling and subsequent radical quenching. Herein, we overcome these challenges by developing a novel hierarchical filtration-catalysis ceramic membrane to achieve efficient gradient decontamination. This membrane comprises a top hydrophilic MWCNT layer deposited on a CuFe₂O₄-immobilized ceramic membrane to construct CCuFeCM. A pristine ceramic membrane (CM) and a CuFe₂O₄-immobilized membrane (CuFeCM) served as controls. Our results demonstrated that CCuFeCM presents the most alleviated fouling potential (∼18% of flux decline) and TOC removal (91%) when treating synthetic textile wastewater containing a mineral oil-in-water emulsion with RhB. Besides that, CCuFeCM achieves the highest PMS-based RhB degradation capability (100%) and initial reaction rate (0.684 min^–1). Quenching experiments and EPR analyses show that SO₄^–•, ^•OH, and ¹O₂ are responsible for the CCuFeCM/PMS oxidation system, and ¹O₂ is the dominant reactive species. The synergistic effect of oil separation and catalytic decomposition is mainly ascribed to the ordered arrangement of selective separation in advance to avoid interference with subsequent AOPs, which allows for micropollutants that are transmitted into internal membrane channels for confined catalytic oxidation. Furthermore, replication filtration tests indicate that CCuFeCM shows durable stable degradation and antifouling performance after simple cleaning. The specific functionality of oil isolation, catalyst anchor, and mass transfer effect reaction compartmentation provides a novel strategy for efficient gradient removal of multiple pollutants in water, which highlights promising application potential under realistic conditions.","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enriched Phosphate of Soil Utilization from Modified Agricultural Waste Hydrochars and Their Potential as a Heavy Metal Stabilizer","authors":"Huiwen Zhang*,&nbsp;Runhao Zhang,&nbsp;Wenya Li,&nbsp;Shiying Pan and Ming Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c0011910.1021/acsestengg.4c00119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00119https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00119","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Large amounts of agricultural waste that are not properly disposed of will result in resource wastage and environmental pollution. Herein, a series of agricultural waste hydrochars (AWHs) were prepared from hydrothermal cogasification of rice husk and chicken manure and used as a phosphorus (P) and heavy metal (HM) stabilizer for improving soil quality. Crop growth could be promoted at 1% AWH addition. AWH-V provided a renewable alternative for poor and hardening soil, and the available phosphorus effectively increased from 29 to 85 mg/kg. AWH-III was especially suitable for application in Cd-contaminated soil. The accumulation of Cd in crops also decreased by 46.10% under HM stress. An increased abundance of HM-tolerant rhizosphere microbial communities combined with adsorption of AWHs promoted HM passivation and stabilization. Interaction effects on phosphate and HMs could be summarized as competitive adsorption, cation and anion balance, and P &amp; HM retention. This work provides a promising multiobjective pathway for agricultural waste management, soil quality improvement, and crop growth promotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"4 9","pages":"2097–2108 2097–2108"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142228203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enriched Phosphate of Soil Utilization from Modified Agricultural Waste Hydrochars and Their Potential as a Heavy Metal Stabilizer","authors":"Huiwen Zhang, Runhao Zhang, Wenya Li, Shiying Pan, Ming Li","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c00119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00119","url":null,"abstract":"Large amounts of agricultural waste that are not properly disposed of will result in resource wastage and environmental pollution. Herein, a series of agricultural waste hydrochars (AWHs) were prepared from hydrothermal cogasification of rice husk and chicken manure and used as a phosphorus (P) and heavy metal (HM) stabilizer for improving soil quality. Crop growth could be promoted at 1% AWH addition. AWH-V provided a renewable alternative for poor and hardening soil, and the available phosphorus effectively increased from 29 to 85 mg/kg. AWH-III was especially suitable for application in Cd-contaminated soil. The accumulation of Cd in crops also decreased by 46.10% under HM stress. An increased abundance of HM-tolerant rhizosphere microbial communities combined with adsorption of AWHs promoted HM passivation and stabilization. Interaction effects on phosphate and HMs could be summarized as competitive adsorption, cation and anion balance, and P &amp; HM retention. This work provides a promising multiobjective pathway for agricultural waste management, soil quality improvement, and crop growth promotion.","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Adsorbent Properties Impact Hydrated Electron Activity and Perfluorocarboxylic Acid (PFCA) Destruction","authors":"Hosea A. Santiago-Cruz,&nbsp;Zimo Lou,&nbsp;Jiang Xu,&nbsp;Ryan C. Sullivan,&nbsp;Bailey B. Bowers,&nbsp;Rachel A. Molé,&nbsp;Wan Zhang,&nbsp;Jinghao Li,&nbsp;Joshua S. Yuan,&nbsp;Susie Y. Dai and Gregory V. Lowry*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c0021110.1021/acsestengg.4c00211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00211https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00211","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Carbon-based adsorbents used to remove recalcitrant water contaminants, including perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are often regenerated using energy-intensive treatments that can form harmful byproducts. We explore mechanisms for sorbent regeneration using hydrated electrons (e_aq^–) from sulfite ultraviolet photolysis (UV/sulfite) in water. We studied the UV/sulfite treatment on three carbon-based sorbents with varying material properties: granular activated carbon (GAC), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and polyethylenimine-modified lignin (lignin). Reaction rates and defluorination of dissolved and adsorbed model perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), were measured. Monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) was employed to empirically quantify e_aq^– formation rates in heterogeneous suspensions. Results show that dissolved PFCAs react rapidly compared to adsorbed ones. Carbon particles in solution decreased aqueous reaction rates by inducing light attenuation, e_aq^– scavenging, and sulfite consumption. The magnitude of these effects depended on adsorbent properties and surface chemistry. GAC lowered PFOA destruction due to strong adsorption. CNT and lignin suspensions decreased e_aq^– formation rates by attenuating light. Lignin showed high e_aq^– quenching, likely due to its oxygenated functional groups. These results indicate that desorbing PFAS and separating the adsorbent before initiating PFAS degradation reactions will be the best engineering approach for adsorbent regeneration using UV/sulfite.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"4 9","pages":"2220–2233 2220–2233"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Adsorbent Properties Impact Hydrated Electron Activity and Perfluorocarboxylic Acid (PFCA) Destruction","authors":"Hosea A. Santiago-Cruz, Zimo Lou, Jiang Xu, Ryan C. Sullivan, Bailey B. Bowers, Rachel A. Molé, Wan Zhang, Jinghao Li, Joshua S. Yuan, Susie Y. Dai, Gregory V. Lowry","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c00211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00211","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon-based adsorbents used to remove recalcitrant water contaminants, including perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are often regenerated using energy-intensive treatments that can form harmful byproducts. We explore mechanisms for sorbent regeneration using hydrated electrons (e_aq^–) from sulfite ultraviolet photolysis (UV/sulfite) in water. We studied the UV/sulfite treatment on three carbon-based sorbents with varying material properties: granular activated carbon (GAC), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and polyethylenimine-modified lignin (lignin). Reaction rates and defluorination of dissolved and adsorbed model perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), were measured. Monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) was employed to empirically quantify e_aq^– formation rates in heterogeneous suspensions. Results show that dissolved PFCAs react rapidly compared to adsorbed ones. Carbon particles in solution decreased aqueous reaction rates by inducing light attenuation, e_aq^– scavenging, and sulfite consumption. The magnitude of these effects depended on adsorbent properties and surface chemistry. GAC lowered PFOA destruction due to strong adsorption. CNT and lignin suspensions decreased e_aq^– formation rates by attenuating light. Lignin showed high e_aq^– quenching, likely due to its oxygenated functional groups. These results indicate that desorbing PFAS and separating the adsorbent before initiating PFAS degradation reactions will be the best engineering approach for adsorbent regeneration using UV/sulfite.","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141887324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Capability of Phosphate Recovery from Wastewater Using a Rough Set Machine Learning Model","authors":"Paramasivan Balasubramanian, Muhil Raj Prabhakar, Chong Liu, Fayong Li, Xuan Cuong Nguyen, Krishnamoorthy Nageshwari, Zipeng Zhang, Pengyan Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c00255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00255","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphate recovery from wastewater treatment plants has recently become the focus of the waste management sector. Indeed, a real-time recovery facility on a commercial scale necessitates using advanced prediction techniques to improve planning and execution procedures. Although many machine learning studies have been reported to predict phosphate recovery, there are no general rules for recovering phosphate from different wastewater sources. This study aims to apply rough set machine learning (RSML) to predict phosphate recovery based on decision attributes. This rule-based classifier model generates IF–THEN rules to classify the conditional attributes to achieve a proper decision. The model has identified the solution pH, initial phosphate (P) concentration, and Mg/P and Mg/N ratios along with operational parameters like reaction time and retention time as core attributes; oversight of these attributes may lead to misprediction of P recovery. The model generated 104 rules, including 16 approximate rules. The accuracy of trained RSML was 91.42%, performing better than that of the existing classifier models. The results of this RSML-based predictive model will have significant implications on scientific rules for future work in the fields of wastewater management and phosphate recovery.","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}