ACS ES&T engineering最新文献

{"title":"Designing and Understanding Biphasic TiO2 Composites for a Long-Lasting Photocatalytic Air Purification","authors":"Ulfi Muliane,&nbsp;Shi Nee Lou,&nbsp;Shinbi Lee,&nbsp;Fei He,&nbsp;Shen Zhao,&nbsp;Kosaku Kato,&nbsp;Akira Yamakata and Wonyong Choi*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c0073810.1021/acsestengg.4c00738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00738https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00738","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Dual- and single-phase TiO₂ photocatalysts were prepared and evaluated for their durable performance in air purification through repeated cycles of toluene degradation under ambient air condition. The prepared anatase–brookite heterostructures (AB-350 and AB-450 with 84% anatase and 16% brookite) were compared with commercial P25 (biphasic anatase–rutile), P25-derived monophasic anatase (P25-A), and rutile (P25-R). Only the biphasic AB hybrids maintained the long-lasting photocatalytic activity for toluene mineralization to CO₂, while the other titania forms exhibited gradual deactivation over repeated uses. The AB photocatalysts exhibited the largest number of trapped electrons, the longest lifetime of trapped charge carriers, the minimized accumulation of carbonaceous intermediates, and the highest concentration of surface water molecules during irradiation. The sustained performance of the AB photocatalyst is attributed to two key factors: (1) an optimal level of trapping sites that facilitates charge separation and complete oxidation of organics and (2) surface properties that maintain a high density of surface water during prolonged irradiation. These combined features enabled the sustained production of ^•OH, preventing the accumulation of toluene degradation intermediate residues on the photocatalyst surface. With its excellent long-term activity in the photodegradation of volatile aromatic compound, the AB heterostructure is proposed as a promising candidate for practical air purification applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"5 4","pages":"942–952 942–952"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial Electric State Reconstruction of CuS Nanosheets via Indium-Doping for Electro-Removal of Heavy Metal Anions","authors":"Guangzhen Liu,&nbsp;Zhenglin Chen,&nbsp;Tian Liu*,&nbsp;Xunsheng Guo,&nbsp;Xianchuan Xie,&nbsp;Liming Yang* and Xubiao Luo*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c0072010.1021/acsestengg.4c00720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00720https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00720","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electro-reductive removal of heavy metal anions holds great potential for clean production. However, its application is hindered by a low removal efficiency and high energy consumption, due to inefficient electron and mass transfer under strong electrostatic repulsion and the occurrence of undesirable side reactions. In this study, we doped atomic In into the CuS nanoparticles to modify the built-in electric state of the CuS lattice, thus enhancing the reduction and removal of Cr₂O₇^2– (Cr(VI)). The In-doped CuS electrode (0.08In-CuS) achieves a 100% reduction efficiency for Cr(VI) within 20 min, with a Faradaic efficiency of 97.42%, and completely removes total Cr within 100 min, with kinetic constants five times higher than those of CuS. Detailed characterization and theoretical simulations revealed that the introduction of atomic In results in the deformation of the triangularly coordinated and tetrahedrally coordinated Cu layers and the displacement of atoms in the CuS lattice. The electron-deficient state of In resulted in a polarization of the electron distribution of Cu, thus promoting strong adsorption of both Cr(VI) and Cr(III). This work highlights the necessity of modulating the intrinsic electric field of the electrode surface in order to achieve the effective removal of heavy metal anions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"5 4","pages":"874–882 874–882"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore Wetting and Compaction in Pressure-Driven Distillation: Insights from Impedance Spectroscopy","authors":"Kian P. Lopez,&nbsp;Martin Nguyen,&nbsp;Dylan P. McNally,&nbsp;Sasha R. Neefe,&nbsp;Chunmei Ban* and Anthony P. Straub*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c0064410.1021/acsestengg.4c00644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00644https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00644","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Pressure-driven distillation (PD) is a desalination process that uses applied hydraulic pressure to drive water vapor through an air-trapping porous hydrophobic membrane. Unlike distillation processes that rely on heat, PD leverages applied pressure, making it more energy-efficient and allowing it to operate in a similar form factor as other pressure-driven processes like reverse osmosis. However, the high pressures required for PD operation─typically exceeding 10 bar─make membranes vulnerable to wetting and compaction. In this study, we employ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to analyze compaction and wetting behavior in distillation membranes subjected to pressures up to 15.2 bar. We examine six different hydrophobic membranes made from poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and poly(vinylidene fluoride), identifying correlations between membrane morphology, applied pressure, and wetting mechanisms through highly sensitive impedance measurements. Our findings show significant compaction effects during the initial pressure increase, followed by progressive pressure-induced pore wetting as pressure rises, both in the presence and absence of surfactants. We also develop and validate an equivalent circuit model that represents air-trapping hydrophobic membranes. Overall, this research offers valuable insights into the dynamics of membrane wetting under pressure and demonstrates that impedance measurements can potentially serve as a critical control point for water treatment systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"5 3","pages":"714–723 714–723"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Assisted Image Analysis for Microalgae Prediction","authors":"Karthikeyan MeenatchiSundaram,&nbsp;Sikhakolli Sravan Kumar,&nbsp;Anuj Deshpande,&nbsp;Sunil Chinnadurai and Karthik Rajendran*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c0059810.1021/acsestengg.4c00598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00598https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00598","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microalgae-based wastewater treatment has resulted in a paradigm shift toward nutrient removal and simultaneous resource recovery. However, traditionally used microalgal biomass quantification methods are time-consuming and costly, limiting their large-scale use. The aim of this study is to develop a simple and cost-effective image-based method for microalgae quantification, replacing cumbersome traditional techniques. In this study, preprocessed microalgae images and associated optical density data were utilized as inputs. Three feature extraction methods were compared alongside eight machine learning (ML) models, including linear regression (LR), random forest (RF), AdaBoost, gradient boosting (GB), and various neural networks. Among these algorithms, LR with principal component analysis achieved an <i>R</i>² value of 0.97 with the lowest error of 0.039. Combining image analysis and ML removes the need for expensive equipment in microalgae quantification. Sensitivity analysis was performed by varying the train–test splitting ratio. Training time was included in the evaluation, and accounting for energy consumption in the study leads to the achievement of high model performance and energy-efficient ML model utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"5 2","pages":"541–550 541–550"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering the Novel Extremophile Alga <i>Chlamydomonas pacifica</i> for High Lipid and High Starch Production as a Path to Developing Commercially Relevant Strains.","authors":"Abhishek Gupta, João Vitor Dutra Molino, Kathryn M J Wnuk-Fink, Aaron Bruckbauer, Marissa Tessman, Kalisa Kang, Crisandra J Diaz, Barbara Saucedo, Ashleyn Malik, Michael D Burkart, Stephen P Mayfield","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c00443","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c00443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgae offer a compelling platform for the production of commodity products, due to their superior photosynthetic efficiency, adaptability to nonarable lands and nonpotable water, and their capacity to produce a versatile array of bioproducts, including biofuels and biomaterials. However, the scalability of microalgae as a bioresource has been hindered by challenges such as costly biomass production related to vulnerability to pond crashes during large-scale cultivation. This study presents a pipeline for the genetic engineering and pilot-scale production of biodiesel and thermoplastic polyurethane precursors in the extremophile species <i>Chlamydomonas pacifica</i>. This extremophile microalga exhibits exceptional resilience to high pH (>11.5), high salinity (up to 2% NaCl), and elevated temperatures (up to 42 °C). Initially, we evolved this strain to also have a high tolerance to high light intensity (>2000 μE/m²/s) through mutagenesis, breeding, and selection. We subsequently genetically engineered <i>C. pacifica</i> to significantly enhance lipid production by 28% and starch accumulation by 27%, all without affecting its growth rate. We demonstrated the scalability of these engineered strains by cultivating them in pilot-scale raceway ponds and converting the resulting biomass into biodiesel and thermoplastic polyurethanes. This study showcases the complete cycle of transforming a newly discovered species into a commercially relevant commodity production strain. This research underscores the potential of extremophile algae, including <i>C. pacifica</i>, as a key species for the burgeoning sustainable bioeconomy, offering a viable path forward in mitigating environmental challenges and supporting global bioproduct demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"36-49"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Subsurface Microplastic Dynamics: A Perspective on Modeling Innovations","authors":"Yuling Chen,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Yaqiang Wei*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c0066310.1021/acsestengg.4c00663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00663https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00663","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"4 12","pages":"2852–2855 2852–2855"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Nitrogen and Pathogenic Indicator Removal from Digested Livestock Wastewater Using a Partial Nitritation-Anammox Coupled with Partial Denitrification (PN-APD) Process without an External Carbon Source","authors":"Jiaojiao Xu,&nbsp;Wenjing Bai,&nbsp;Rui Tang,&nbsp;Shoujun Yuan,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Guangxue Wu,&nbsp;Xinmin Zhan and Zhen-Hu Hu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c0046110.1021/acsestengg.4c00461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00461https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00461","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Digested livestock wastewater contains high concentrations of NH₄⁺–N and residual pathogens, and the Anammox process is a cost-effective process for treating wastewater with high NH₄⁺–N concentrations. However, advanced nitrogen and pathogen removal from high-strength wastewater by Anammox-based processes, without the addition of an external carbon source, is still a challenge. In this study, a partial nitritation-Anammox coupled with partial denitrification (PN-APD) process was constructed using a step-feed mode to treat digested livestock wastewater. The PN effluent served as the first feeding. Digested livestock wastewater served as the second feeding, providing a carbon source for the APD process. The PN-APD process achieved a nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of 97.0 ± 1.3%, with total inorganic nitrogen concentrations of 14.8 ± 4.2 mg N/L in the effluent. The suitable biodegradable COD/NO_<i>x</i>^––N ratio of the APD process after the second feeding is key to achieving advanced nitrogen removal, and the suitable ratio ranges between 0.6 and 1.2. The second feeding had no significant influence on Anammox bacteria abundance, with <i>Candidatus Kuenenia</i> being the dominant species. The PN-APD process also removed total coliforms and <i>enterococci</i> by 3.3 ± 0.3 and 3.0 ± 0.3 log, respectively, meeting wastewater discharge standards without further disinfection. This study provides a novel approach for the cost-effective simultaneous advanced removal of nitrogen and pathogens from high-strength digested livestock wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"115–125 115–125"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143091827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering the Novel Extremophile Alga Chlamydomonas pacifica for High Lipid and High Starch Production as a Path to Developing Commercially Relevant Strains","authors":"Abhishek Gupta,&nbsp;João Vitor Dutra Molino,&nbsp;Kathryn M. J. Wnuk-Fink,&nbsp;Aaron Bruckbauer,&nbsp;Marissa Tessman,&nbsp;Kalisa Kang,&nbsp;Crisandra J. Diaz,&nbsp;Barbara Saucedo,&nbsp;Ashleyn Malik,&nbsp;Michael D. Burkart and Stephen P. Mayfield*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c0044310.1021/acsestengg.4c00443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00443https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00443","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microalgae offer a compelling platform for the production of commodity products, due to their superior photosynthetic efficiency, adaptability to nonarable lands and nonpotable water, and their capacity to produce a versatile array of bioproducts, including biofuels and biomaterials. However, the scalability of microalgae as a bioresource has been hindered by challenges such as costly biomass production related to vulnerability to pond crashes during large-scale cultivation. This study presents a pipeline for the genetic engineering and pilot-scale production of biodiesel and thermoplastic polyurethane precursors in the extremophile species <i>Chlamydomonas pacifica</i>. This extremophile microalga exhibits exceptional resilience to high pH (&gt;11.5), high salinity (up to 2% NaCl), and elevated temperatures (up to 42 °C). Initially, we evolved this strain to also have a high tolerance to high light intensity (&gt;2000 μE/m²/s) through mutagenesis, breeding, and selection. We subsequently genetically engineered <i>C. pacifica</i> to significantly enhance lipid production by 28% and starch accumulation by 27%, all without affecting its growth rate. We demonstrated the scalability of these engineered strains by cultivating them in pilot-scale raceway ponds and converting the resulting biomass into biodiesel and thermoplastic polyurethanes. This study showcases the complete cycle of transforming a newly discovered species into a commercially relevant commodity production strain. This research underscores the potential of extremophile algae, including <i>C. pacifica</i>, as a key species for the burgeoning sustainable bioeconomy, offering a viable path forward in mitigating environmental challenges and supporting global bioproduct demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"36–49 36–49"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143091812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient and Stable Cr(VI) Remediation Using Enhanced Electrokinetic Method with a Natural Magnetite/Pyrrhotite Composite","authors":"Chuanye Zhou,&nbsp;Xiang Ji,&nbsp;Hongrui Ding*,&nbsp;Xiao Ge,&nbsp;Yanyan Li,&nbsp;Fengyin Chen,&nbsp;Changqiu Wang,&nbsp;Yan Li and Anhuai Lu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c0043410.1021/acsestengg.4c00434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00434https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00434","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cr(VI) contamination is a significant environmental issue, whereas existing remediation technologies, whether physical, chemical, or biological, have many limitations, such as extensive engineering work, high energy consumption, secondary pollution, and incomplete treatment. Here, we report a Cr(VI) remediation method that integrates a natural magnetite/pyrrhotite composite (NMPC) with electrokinetic processes to enhance the remediation efficiency and stability, in which the electron-donating ability of NMPC was utilized to boost the reduction and immobilization of Cr(VI). The XRD analysis shows that NMPC is composed of magnetite and pyrrhotite. A highest 100% Cr(VI) removal efficiency and a TCr removal efficiency over 95% are achieved when treating Cr(VI) contaminants. The remediation stability analysis shows that the redissolution ratio of Cr(VI) in the NMPC-enhanced treatment decreased by more than 62%, indicating that the Cr-containing products were stable and resistant to releasing Cr. Furthermore, the Cr-containing products are analyzed by SEM-EDS, Raman, XRD, and XPS. The results show that the distribution of Cr and Fe is highly correlated and Cr is immobilized in the mineral phase. These results demonstrate that NMPC enhances the removal of Cr(VI) and promotes the immobilization of Cr, thus reducing the risk of Cr reoxidation and contributing to a more durable remediation effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"5 2","pages":"358–365 358–365"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Evaluation of Cationic Porphyrin-Based Organic Nanocages for the Removal of 38 PFAS from Water: Experimental, Theoretical, and Eco-toxicological Insights","authors":"Karla R. Sanchez-Lievanos*,&nbsp;Daoyang Zhang,&nbsp;Scott M. Simpson,&nbsp;Mindula K. Wijayahena,&nbsp;Gina Rizzo,&nbsp;John Michael N. Aguilar,&nbsp;Liezel Mari Abaya,&nbsp;Julia M. Dovi,&nbsp;Howard I. Sirotkin,&nbsp;Matthew R. Crawley,&nbsp;Timothy R. Cook* and Diana S. Aga*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.4c0063910.1021/acsestengg.4c00639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00639https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.4c00639","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), persistent pollutants found in water sources worldwide, pose significant challenges to conventional remediation methods. This study presents a one-pot, high atom-economy synthesis of porphyrin-based cationic nanocages (oNCs) as a selective, rapid and efficient solution for PFAS removal, addressing critical gaps in current water treatment technologies. Using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the nanocages─<b>[oNC]8PF</b>_<b>6</b>, <b>[Co</b>^<b>2+</b><b>-oNC]8PF</b>_<b>6</b>, and <b>[Co</b>^<b>3+</b><b>(N≡O)-oNC]8PF</b>_<b>6</b>─were evaluated for their ability to sorb a mixture of 38 PFAS, including emerging contaminants like GenX, from various water matrices at a concentration of 50 ng/mL. The nanocages achieved exceptional PFAS removal efficiencies, with optimal results obtained when <b>[oNC]8PF</b>_<b>6</b> and <b>[Co</b>^<b>2+</b><b>-oNC]8PF</b>_<b>6</b> were combined in a 1:4 ratio. This mixture created a synergistic effect, enabling the sorption of both short- and long-chain PFAS, achieving average removal efficiencies of 90% in Nanopure and groundwater, and 80% in influent sewage. The nanocage mixture consistently outperformed activated carbon, particularly in complex matrices such as influent sewage, where activated carbon presented lower efficiency, especially for perfluoroalkane sulfonamido substances. The nanocages reached sorption equilibrium within 15 min and maintained performance across multiple methanolic regeneration cycles, highlighting their operational durability. NMR spectroscopy and computational studies revealed that PFAS sorption occurs via hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, as well as partial intercalation, with selectivity for PFAS molecules bearing sulfonate and sulfonamide head groups and carbon chain lengths of five or more. Early stage eco-toxicological assessments confirmed the environmental safety of these nanocages, showing no adverse effects below a concentration of 0.005 μM. By combining rapid PFAS removal with modular, scalable and sustainable material synthesis, this study sets a new direction for developing precise, environmentally responsible PFAS water treatment solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7008,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T engineering","volume":"5 3","pages":"701–713 701–713"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}