Acta Medica Philippina最新文献

{"title":"Identifying COVID-19 Confirmed Patients at Elevated Risk for Mortality and Need of Mechanical Ventilation Using a Novel Criteria for Hyperinflammatory Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort, Single-center, Validation Study.","authors":"Jayvee Rho-An D Descalsota, Abdul Walli R Cana, Inofel I Chin, Jessie F Orcasitas","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9370","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>A mounting evidence links dysregulated immune response to cases of fatal pneumonia seen in COVID-19 infection. We aimed to validate the COVID-19-associated Hyperinflammatory Syndrome (cHIS) score, a novel clinical tool devised to identify those at risk for adverse outcomes, in a local population and investigate the relationship of cHIS score taken at admission and the risk of mortality and the need of mechanical ventilation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analyzed the sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data of 1,881 COVID-19 patients admitted at a tertiary hospital in Davao City, Philippines from January to December 2021. We calculated the cHIS score, composed of six clinical and laboratory criteria from admission, and used multivariate logistic regression to determine the risk of mortality and need of mechanical ventilation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cHIS score taken at admission, regardless of cut-off value, was a significant predictor of mortality (OR 0.979 [99% CI 0.894-1.064]) and need of mechanical ventilation (OR 0.586 [99% CI 0.4975-0.6745]). Using the Youden Index, a cut-off cHIS score of 3 or more was a better predictor of mortality (sensitivity, 88.59%; specificity, 71.72%), and a cut-off score of 2 or more was a better predictor of need of mechanical ventilation (sensitivity, 84.02%; specificity, 70.82%) than other cut-off cHIS scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among COVID-19 patients, the cHIS score at admission correlated with the risk of mortality and the need of mechanical ventilation. Cutoff scores of 3 and 2 had the optimal sensitivities and specificities to predict the risk of mortality and the need of mechanical ventilation, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 3","pages":"104-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Filipinos Ready for Long-term Care? A Qualitative Study on Awareness, Perspectives, and Challenges of Relevant Organizations, Community Leaders, Carers, and Older Persons in Select Sites in the Philippines.","authors":"Angely P Garcia, Shelley Ann F de la Vega, Ayra Mae S Balingbing, Ma Anna Carmina D Orlino, Jan Michael M Herber, Angelita L Viloria-Larin","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9778","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9778","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;With the global population aging, there is an emerging need for access to quality long-term care (LTC) services. Many countries have developed LTC systems while others are at the infancy stage. This paper aimed to provide an overview of the country's readiness for LTC based on the perspectives of relevant stakeholders. Specifically, it described the roles, initiatives, and challenges of relevant organizations and community leaders for LTC provision. It also described the older persons (OPs) and carers' perspectives towards LTC including their awareness, capacity, and preferences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The study utilized a descriptive design using qualitative methods of data collection namely key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Participating institutions and their designated representatives were purposively sampled as key informants. OPs and carers from select barangays in NCR and Region IVA participated in the FGDs. Guided by the interpretivism approach, thematic analysis was performed. A trained research assistant coded the FGD and KII transcripts through the Nvivo PRO plus software and verified by the first author. Themes were reviewed and validated by the multidisciplinary team.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 15 KIIs and two FGDs were conducted. The participating institutions and organizations were found to have varied roles and initiatives relevant to LTC; from strategic planning, development of policies and standards of care, training and capacity-building, and up to the actual implementation of LTC services. Identified challenges include implementation issues, financial issues, lack of political and stakeholder support, OPs and familial issues, and lack of knowledge on LTC.Participants shared their description on what LTC is, an LTC facility, and the conditions of those in LTC facility. OPs expressed their willingness to utilize LTC services and identified several factors related to their preferred LTC arrangements. Carers identified various topics related to taking care of OPs that they would like to learn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The roles, initiatives, and awareness of relevant stakeholders, older persons, and carers towards LTC were found to greatly vary. Policy makers, health workforce, families, communities, and the older persons themselves should have a better understanding of long-term care before they can provide or utilize the system. With the current landscape of LTC provision, the country still has a long way to go in achieving the integrated continuum of LTC appropriate to promote healthy aging. Promoting awareness, integrating LTC in the current programs and services for older persons in the country, capacitating the formal and non-formal caregivers, and strengthening collaborations are recommended.Further research on quantitative measures of readiness for long-term care with focus on the health system and in-depth s","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 3","pages":"21-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Community Pharmacists in Eastern Visayas towards Readiness to Provide Information Service on Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Products.","authors":"Archie M Cabachete, Judah Israel O Lescano, Lorraine V Tagle, Micah M Areja, Elizabeth Y Tan, Gea Abigail U Ecoy, Florencio V Arce, Gerard Lee L See","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9085","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community pharmacists are strategically positioned to dispense Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) products as part of their innate roles in the provision of accurate drug information to patients. This unique position of the pharmacist could be best realized if equipped with good knowledge and skills in regard to CAM products.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the readiness of community pharmacists in the provision of CAM product-related information to patients by assessing the knowledge and determined the attitudes and practices of community pharmacists regarding CAM products in Eastern Visayas, Philippines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative) survey design was utilized in this study. Community pharmacists (n=58) in Eastern Visayas, Philippines were the research participants in the study. The survey questionnaire constituted four sections: socio-demographic profile, attitudes, practices, and knowledge of community pharmacists on CAM products. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 20.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed that the majority of respondents are female (87.93%), age range in between 21-30 (62.07%), working full-time (79.31%), and bachelor's degree holder (98.28%). More than half of the participants (53.45%) did not receive any education or training on CAM products during undergraduate studies. Community pharmacists displayed strong positive attitudes (mean=3.74) and had a moderate frequency of practice on CAM products (mean=3.20). The knowledge test revealed that only a few of the community pharmacists (31.03%) were considered knowledgeable. A significant relationship between years of work experience in community pharmacy and knowledge was found in this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite having strong attitude and moderate level of practice, community pharmacists in Eastern Visayas showed a low level of knowledge on CAM products. Demand for CAM products by patients encouraged community pharmacists to dispense and provide information. Readiness of community pharmacists in terms of knowledge provision of CAM product-related information to patients were found to be insufficient while a moderate level of practice towards CAM products was reported. Community pharmacists displayed a strong positive attitude towards CAM products. Overall, the community pharmacists are not ready to provide CAM information service in the context of the knowledge, attitude, and practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 3","pages":"80-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Suicide among Adolescents in Bangka Belitung Island, Indonesia: a Qualitative Study Approach.","authors":"Suherman, Budi Anna Keliat, Novy Helena Catharina Daulima, Besral","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.8797","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.8797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide among adolescents is a critical global health problem. Identifying risk factors for suicide in adolescents is crucial because it is one of the most severe mental health issues and can result in loss of life. Risk factors serve as indicators that have the potential to bring life to an end. However, people around adolescents often display indifference and even tend to overlook the suicide risk factors experienced by them.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the risk factors for suicide in adolescents in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used qualitative descriptive research design conducted at State Vocational High Schools (SMKN) and Puskesmas. Data collection was done through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) of 10 students, and in-depth interviews of eight participants (two parents of adolescents who attempted suicide, two guidance counseling teachers, two adolescents who attempted suicide, and two mental nurses) The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The risk factors for suicide experienced by adolescents are biological, psychological, and social factors. These risk factors for suicide are stressors that contribute to adolescents engaging in suicidal behavior. Identifying the risk factors experienced by adolescents is crucial for suicide prevention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The risk factors that lead to suicide in adolescents encompass biological, psychological, and social factors. A thorough understanding of suicide among parents, teachers, and peers can significantly assist in implementing suitable prevention measures and interventions for adolescent suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 3","pages":"116-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goal Attainment Scaling and Quality of Life of Autistic Children Receiving Speech and Language Therapy in a Higher Educational Institution in the Philippines.","authors":"Kerwyn Jim C Chan, Marie Carmela M Lapitan, Cynthia P Cordero","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9739","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to describe the demographic profile, intervention sessions, goal attainment scaling (GAS), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of autistic children receiving speech and language therapy (SLT) in a higher educational institution in the Philippines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Deidentified data from 18 autistic children aged 4-16 years (mean=8.2; SD=2.9) who received SLT for two months were analyzed. Their demographic profile, intervention sessions, GAS scores, and generic HRQOL scores were documented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants were school-age children (n=12; 66%) and were boys (n=14; 78%). After two months, the GAS scores of 11 participants (61%) increased by 1-2 points, whereas the scores of the remaining participants decreased (n=6; 33%) or did not change (n=1; 6%). Their mean generic HRQOL scores before and after SLT were 65.6 (SD=15.2) and 61.2 (SD=17.4), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the GAS scores increased for most participants, their generic HRQOL scores did not show clinically significant changes after two months of SLT. This can be attributed to the few therapy sessions and short follow-up period. The findings highlight the need to provide long-term support to SLT services of autistic children in the Philippines to document more desirable quality of life outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 3","pages":"7-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes Measures in Philippine Speech-Language Pathology Service Delivery.","authors":"Jocelyn Christina Marzan","doi":"10.47895/amp.v59i3.13090","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.v59i3.13090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 3","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractal Dimension Approach for Quantitative Analysis Radiograph in Periapical Inflammation: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Azhari, Lusi Epsilawati, Dwi Putri Wulansari, Ichda Nabiela Amiria Asykarie","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.7186","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.7186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Periapical inflammation on visual interpretation, especially in conditions of early inflammation, is very dependent on visual acuity. Visual ability can only detect if the inflammatory condition in the periapical area is more than 30%. This study reviewed the use of fractal dimension (FD) for quantitative assessment radiographs in periapical inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria were clinical research, the area was in the periapical inflammation, used the periapical radiograph, measured the fractal dimension in human bone, the article studies were in the English language. There was no restriction for publication date.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five articles were found in which fractal dimension was applied for the assessment of periapical lesions visually indiscernible in radiographs, for evaluation of apical inflammation, for imaging diagnosis of the periapical lesion, for analysis of trabecular bone, and for analysis of trabecular bone structure around the bone of periapical inflammation. Various sizes and sites of the regions of interest were used to evaluate the bone structure of periapical inflammation with fractal dimension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fractal dimension in Dentistry has been widely applied to the study of images. Periapical radiographs were the most frequently used. The Image J software and the fractal analysis method were extensively adopted in the studies reviewed herein. Further studies are encouraged to improve the use of fractal dimension in assessing quantitative radiographs in periapical inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 3","pages":"125-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Practices of Nurses on the Prevention and Control of Healthcare-acquired Infections in a Private Tertiary Hospital in Baguio City.","authors":"Lyanne Kae C Campo, Aldren R Remon","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9136","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9136","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs) are adverse events brought about by non-compliance of the healthcare staff to set of infection prevention and control (IPC) standards. Consequently, additional medical costs, increased mortality and morbidity rates, and decreased quality of life among patients can happen. As valuable players in preventing and controlling HAIs, nurses must have good knowledge and strict compliance with infection control; however, recent evidence suggests that nurses may need more knowledge or better integration into practice. Nurses' degree of knowledge and practice in preventing and controlling HAIs and factors influencing them should be determined to provide solutions appropriately.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The study specifically sought answers to the following questions: (1) What is the level of knowledge of nurses in the prevention and control of HAIs? (2) What is the degree of practice of nurses in the prevention and control of HAIs? (3) Is there a significant relationship between nurses' knowledge level and degree of practice in the prevention and control of HAIs? (4) What are the facilitating and hindering factors that affect nurses' practice in the prevention and control of HAIs?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The study utilized a quantitative descriptive correlational design. The study was conducted from May to June 2023 at a private tertiary hospital in Baguio City. The study included 128 nurses who fit the inclusion criteria. The respondents were asked to answer three questionnaires, and the data were statistically treated using mean, Spearman Rank correlation, frequency, percentage, and rank distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The study found that nurses possess good knowledge and a suboptimal degree of practice in preventing and controlling HAIs. The results showed that no significant relationship existed between nurses' knowledge level and degree of practice in preventing and controlling HAIs. Perceived personal benefits and organizational encouragement were seen to primarily facilitate the prevention and control practices of nurses. The primary hindrance identified was work-load due to staff shortage, poor dissemination of guidelines, and personal discomfort associated with the use of PPE.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;A good level of knowledge is a derivative of learnings obtained through various educational modalities and these strategies are considered effective means of knowledge formulation. However, created knowledge without actual application into practice results in overuse of unhelpful interventions. To avoid the unnecessary effects of ineffective knowledge translation, a multifactorial consideration is necessary to identify other factors that may influence the practices of nurses on HAI prevention and control because knowledge does not solely improve or worsen actual practices. Identified facilitating factors should be supported, and hindering ","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 3","pages":"92-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical, Biochemical, and Radiologic Profiles of Filipino Patients with 6-Pyruvoyl-Tetrahydrobiopterin Synthase (6-PTPS) Deficiency and their Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.","authors":"Leniza G de Castro-Hamoy, Ma Anna Lourdes A Moral, Loudella V Calotes-Castillo, Mary Ann R Abacan, Cynthia P Cordero, Maria Lourdes C Pagaspas, Ebner Bon G Maceda, Sylvia C Estrada, Mary Anne D Chiong","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9439","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Six-pyruvoyl-tetrahydrobiopterin synthase (6-PTPS) deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder which results in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency causing hyperphenylalaninemia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to describe the clinical, biochemical, and radiologic profiles, and neurologic and developmental outcomes of patients diagnosed with 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydrobiopterin (PTPS) deficiency through newborn screening and confirmed by BH4 loading test, pterin analysis, and gene sequencing who were following-up with the metabolic team.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research was a single-center descriptive case series study design that was done at the Philippine General Hospital, a tertiary government hospital. The clinical, biochemical, radiologic profiles and neurodevelopmental evaluation of each patient were described.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine patients from 1 year 2 months to 14 years 5 months of age were enrolled in the study. Clinical manifestations before treatment were hypotonia, poor suck, and seizure. The most common clinical manifestation even after treatment initiation was seizure. The mean phenylalanine level on newborn screening was 990.68 umol/L, but after treatment was started, mean levels ranged from 75.69 to 385.09 umol/L. Two of the patients had focal atrophy of the posterior lobe on brain imaging. Pathogenic variants on molecular analysis were all missense, with two predominant variants, c.155A>G and c.58T>C. Eight of the nine patients had varying degrees of developmental delay or intellectual disability, while the remaining patient had signs of a learning disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Newborn screening has played a crucial role in the early identification and management of patients with hyperphenylalaninemia due to 6-PTPS deficiency. Confirmation of diagnosis through determination of DHPR activity, urine pterins and/or molecular analysis is necessary for appropriate management. However, despite early initiation of treatment, neurodevelopmental findings of patients with 6-PTPS deficiency were still unsatisfactory.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 3","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Performance of a Computer-aided System for Tuberculosis Screening in Two Philippine Cities.","authors":"Gabrielle P Flores, Reiner Lorenzo J Tamayo, Robert Neil F Leong, Christian Sergio M Biglaen, Kathleen Nicole T Uy, Renee Rose O Maglente, Marlex Jorome M Nuguid, Jason V Alacapa","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.8950","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.8950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The Philippines faces challenges in the screening of tuberculosis (TB), one of them being the shortage in the health workforce who are skilled and allowed to screen TB. Deep learning neural networks (DLNNs) have shown potential in the TB screening process utilizing chest radiographs (CXRs). However, local studies on AI-based TB screening are limited. This study evaluated qXR3.0 technology's diagnostic performance for TB screening in Filipino adults aged 15 and older. Specifically, we evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of qXR3.0 compared to radiologists' impressions and determined whether it meets the World Health Organization (WHO) standards.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort design was used to perform a study on comparing screening and diagnostic accuracies of qXR3.0 and two radiologist gradings in accordance with the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD). Subjects from two clinics in Metro Manila which had qXR 3.0 seeking consultation at the time of study were invited to participate to have CXRs and sputum collected. Radiologists' and qXR3.0 readings and impressions were compared with respect to the reference standard Xpert MTB/RiF assay. Diagnostic accuracy measures were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With 82 participants, qXR3.0 demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity with respect to the reference standard. There was a strong agreement between qXR3.0 and radiologists' readings as exhibited by the 0.7895 (between qXR 3.0 and CXRs read by at least one radiologist), 0.9362 (qXR 3.0 and CXRs read by both radiologists), and 0.9403 (qXR 3.0 and CXRs read as not suggestive of TB by at least one radiologist) concordance indices.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>qXR3.0 demonstrated high sensitivity to identify presence of TB among patients, and meets the WHO standard of at least 70% specificity for detecting true TB infection. This shows an immense potential for the tool to supplement the shortage of radiologists for TB screening in the country. Future research directions may consider larger sample sizes to confirm these findings and explore the economic value of mainstream adoption of qXR 3.0 for TB screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 2","pages":"33-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11831083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}