Acta Medica Philippina最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Profile and Outcomes of All Admitted COVID-19 Positive Patients with Primary Lung Cancer in a Tertiary Government COVID-19 Referral Center: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Ria Katrina B Cortez, Joel M Santiaguel, Mary Bianca Doreen F Ditching","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.10990","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.10990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 infection poses a continuing challenge especially to those already with prior lung disease. To analyze such patients' profile is essential in today's health care management.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to compare the outcomes of COVID-19 confirmed patients with and without primary lung cancer in terms of hospital stay, recovery, and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study employed a retrospective cohort design. Chart review of all adult COVID-19 patients in Philippine General Hospital from January 2021 to June 2021 was done. A matched cohort study was conducted between COVID-19 patients with and without primary lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 953 COVID-19 patients, there were 14 patients with primary lung cancer. In terms of length of hospital stay, patients with primary lung cancer had shorter days from 1.32 to 15.1 days compared to 2.28 to 18.36 days in patients without primary lung cancer (p-value 0.271). Furthermore, they had 64% recovery rate compared to 78% in those without primary lung cancer (p-value 0.118). In terms of overall mortality rate, primary lung cancer patients had 36% rate as compared to 22% in the non-lung cancer group (p-value 0.119). Diabetes mellitus, mild to severe COVID, Remdesivir, and antibiotic use were associated with longer hospital stay while oxygen support via nasal cannula and invasive ventilation led to shorter hospital stay. Age above 50 years, chronic liver disease, other malignancy, shortness of breath, oxygen support via face mask, high flow nasal cannula, invasive ventilation, antibiotic use, hemoperfusion and nebulization showed a decrease chance of recovery while on contrary, Remdesivir showed an increase chance of recovery. An increase mortality rate was seen among age above 50 years, chronic liver disease, other malignancy, shortness of breath, oxygen support via facemask, high flow nasal cannula, invasive ventilation, antibiotics, hemoperfusion, and nebulization, in contrast to a decrease in Remdesivir therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among all admitted COVID-19 patients, primary lung cancer patients were associated with shorter hospital stay (8.21 ± 6.89days), lower rate of recovery (64%), and higher mortality rate (36%) as compared to those without primary lung cancer. However, based on the computed p-values for each outcome, these differences are not statistically significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 11","pages":"75-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinal Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Causing Spinal Cord Compression in Radiation-induced Bone Marrow Aplasia: A Case Report.","authors":"Rowel David D Yap, Patrick Neil A Guiao, Deonne Thaddeus V Gauiran","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.11305","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.11305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In rare cases with no clinical practice guidelines available, the approach heavily relies on small studies, reports, and professional experience based on sound clinical judgement from available data. We present a case of a 52-year-old male radiation technologist with a 5-year history of pancytopenia diagnosed with radiation-induced marrow aplasia after presenting with bilateral lower extremity weakness and numbness. MRI revealed spinal EMH along T3 to T12. He was given steroids and radiation therapy (RT) of 18Gy in 10 fractions with improvement in sensory status at 4^th session of RT and was discharged with steroid on tapering and maintenance of eltrombopag. BM aplasia following chronic low-level radiation exposure results from the accumulation of cytogenetic abnormalities over time. EMH is a compensatory mechanism for BM aplasia, the diagnosis of which is established by MRI. In spinal EMH, transverse myelopathy occurs from spinal cord compression (SCC). As of writing and with our literature-search, spinal EMH has never been reported in patients with aplastic anemia or radiation-related BM aplasia. With the paucity of available data, there is currently no specific guidelines in managing BM aplasia from radiation and consequent SCC. However, as with most cases of SCC, radiotherapy, steroids, and surgical decompression are viable options. This case report will add to the very small pool of information on EMH from radiation-induced BM aplasia and its approach to management especially in this rare, never-before-reported presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 11","pages":"94-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-analytical Factors Influencing Blood Sample Rejection Rate in the Hematology Laboratory of the Philippine General Hospital from 2018 to 2022: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Jaspher B Aquino, Karen B Damian","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9961","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Blood collection errors are one of the most common causes of laboratory sample rejection in the pre-analytical phase of the testing process. This study aims to determine the frequency and identify the pre-analytical factors that lead to rejection of samples meant for the hematology laboratory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional, retrospective study analyzed blood samples received and rejected by the Hematology Division of the University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital from 2018 to 2022. Data were extracted from the Division's annual reports and sample rejection logbooks. The causes and frequency of sample rejections, as well as the hospital locations of the patients involved were presented using frequency tables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1,072,366 blood samples received during the study period, 61,935 (5.78%) were rejected. The most common cause of rejection was clotted blood samples for both routine hematology (86.31%) and coagulation (44.43%). Clotted samples were the predominant cause of sample rejection across most age groups, with the exception of the neonatal and infancy groups, where inadequate sample quantity was the primary issue. The highest rejection rate was seen in the emergency department (65.71%) and intensive care units (9.68%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rejection rate in our institution was higher than reported in previous global studies. The main causes of rejection were identified as clotted blood samples and inadequate blood volume for routine hematology and coagulation testing. Notably, the highest rejection rates for hematology-related requests occurred in critical areas, including the emergency department, intensive care units, and obstetrics and gynecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 11","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a Capacity Building on the Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-efficacy on Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture (NSA) of the Local Agriculture Planners in CALABARZON: A Non-randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Kim Leonard G Dela Luna, Maria Theresa M Talavera, Leila S Africa, Clarissa B Juanico, Nancy A Tandang, Marison Felicidad R Dy","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9781","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Filipino farmers recorded the highest incidence of poverty in the last decade. In addition, a heightened awareness was observed within agriculture and different government agencies to better understand the link between agriculture and nutrition. However, limited studies have been conducted in the Philippines integrating nutrition-sensitive agriculture into the Municipal Agricultural Development Plan (MADP).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to determine the effect of capacity building on the knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy of municipal agriculturists on Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture (NSA) in CALABARZON.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized a non-randomized controlled trial design to measure the change in knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy of the municipal agriculturists on NSA and nutrition sensitivity of the MADP. A total of 57 municipal agriculturists from CALABARZON participated in the capacity building.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Local agriculture planners' knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy significantly improved after capacity building. In addition, membership of municipal agriculturists to local nutrition committee was significantly associated with higher scores difference in knowledge and self-efficacy after the training. Meanwhile, the score difference in their attitude was significantly related to the tenure of employment in local agriculture planners.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Capacity building on the NSA can significantly improve local agriculture planners' knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy. Thus, the government must support programs and initiatives concerning the NSA, like increasing the capacity of local agriculture planners. This will allow them to integrate nutrition-sensitive agriculture concepts positively into their agriculture development plan.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 11","pages":"18-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Recent Situational Analysis of the Occupational Safety and Health Landscape in the Philippines.","authors":"Lea Elora A Conda, Celin Audrey V Nuñez, Dana Sophia Elizandra T Uy, Catherine S Artaiz-Cariaga, Jhason John J Cabigon, Geminn Louis C Apostol","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.8944","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.8944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Workers are continuously exposed to occupational hazards and risks. By analyzing recent data on the status of occupational safety and health (OSH) in the Philippines, this study aimed to determine the common occupational injuries and diseases among Filipino workers, and preventive and control measures/activities and occupational safety and health policies and programs implemented across the country.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A review of data on Philippine OSH from the Integrated Survey of Labor and Employment (ISLE) by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) covering data from 2015/2016, 2017/2018, and 2019/2020 was done. The number of occupational injury cases, types of injuries, and types of diseases were assessed as well as the implementation of OSH policies and programs. Descriptive statistics, simple T-test, and Pareto analysis were used to analyze the collated data sets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of occupational injury and diseases in the Philippines across industries are decreasing. Superficial injuries and open wounds (56.47%), and Workrelated Musculoskeletal Diseases (WMSDs) (61.82%) top the list as the most common injury and disease across industries, respectively. In 2018, OSH programs and preventive and control measures underwent reforms due to the implementation of the Republic Act (RA) 11058. For OSH programs, there is an increase in implementation between 2015 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Occupational injury and occupational diseases in the Philippines across industries are declining. In terms of OSH measures and programs, there has been a significant change over the years, especially after the introduction of RA 11058 in 2018. A rise in the implementation of measures and policies was noted. However, there are still gaps that need to be addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 10","pages":"21-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12391888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Copy Number Variation Profiling of GL01, an Immortalized Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line Derived from a Filipino Patient, and A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells.","authors":"Treena Rica D Teh, Kim Claudette J Fernandez, Maria Katrina Diana M Cruz, Patrick Gabriel G Moreno, Ruel C Nacario, Gladys C Completo, Francisco M Heralde","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.10777","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.10777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Cell lines serve as invaluable tools in studying lung cancer biology and developing new therapies to combat the disease. However, commercially available cell lines are typically of Caucasian origin and may be less representative of the local genetic background. To address this, our lab previously immortalized cells from pleural fluid of a Filipino non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient via CDK4 transduction. Copy number variations (CNVs) are a type of genetic variation which may affect physiology and disease by disrupting gene function or altering gene expression, and in cancer, these may be associated with patient outcomes. CNV profiling can be valuable for understanding the biology of our immortalized cells and identifying genes that could serve as potential targets for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic interventions. This study aimed to characterize previously immortalized NSCLC-derived cells, GL01, in comparison with an established lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell line, A549, through whole-genome microarray-based copy number profiling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DNA was extracted from GL01 and A549 cells using a commercially-available silica-based DNA extraction kit. DNA extracts were quantified and normalized for microarray analysis. Whole-genome copy number profiling was done using the OncoScan CNV Plus Assay following the manufacturer's protocols, and data was analyzed using the Chromosome Analysis Suite software. Functional analysis of genes identified to be involved in copy number aberrations was done using the PANTHER Classification System.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Copy number aberrations span 1,592,737,105 bp in GL01 and 1,715,708,552 bp in A549, with a high degree of concordance between the two. Largescale and focal copy number aberrations previously identified to be recurrent in various LUAD cohorts were present in both GL01 and A549. Focal copy number aberrations associated with previously described lung cancer-related genes involve the PDE4D gene in GL01 and the SKIL and CDKN2A/CDKN2B genes in both GL01 and A549. PANTHER Pathway analysis of genes positively correlated with mRNA expression showed that the ubiquitin proteasome pathway was significantly overrepresented in both GL01 (FDR p = 0.000074) and A549 (FDR p = 0.000075), with 20 genes involved. Additionally, the KRAS:p.G12C/S:c.34G>T/A somatic mutation variant was detected in both GL01 and A549.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides a method for identifying potentially clinically-relevant genes associated with a sample's copy number aberrations and the pathways they represent, providing personalized mechanistic, prognostic, and therapeutic insights into the cancer biology of our cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 10","pages":"37-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12391897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Integrated and Quality-assured Health Service Delivery: Making a Case for Health Smart Card in the Philippines.","authors":"Kenneth Y Hartigan-Go, Melissa Louise M Prieto, Angel Faye G Castillo, Ella Mae C Eleazar","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.10474","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.10474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>In the Philippines, patients are constrained from accessing their own records, restricting their ability to freely choose who to seek care from. To address this, the study makes a case for the development of the health smart card in the Philippines, an integrative tool unique to each citizen carrying their lifetime medical record.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prototype is developed using no-code programming technology and validated through a series of focus group discussions and stakeholder consultations with patients (n=4), healthcare administrators (n=4), and hospital personnel (n=13). It was then revised based on the collected insights and recommendations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings report that the current facility-centric model utilizing paper records constrains patients' access to their records due to long wait times, slow turnaround periods, constant intra- and inter-hospital transfers, and even charging of fees to acquire a copy of their own data. The health smart card alternative was widely accepted by the participants, particularly for its contribution to increasing data accessibility, patient empowerment, and advancing patient data ownership. Nevertheless, several considerations for the upscale implementation of the health smart card emerged, including creating an interoperable environment through harmonizing standards and capacity-building programs, and ensuring data security through robust cybersecurity measures. Issues on scalability and funding of the project were also raised, centering on the critical role of the government in stepping up as regulator and potential funder. Concerns over potential abuse, dataveillance, and the digital divide are tackled, highlighting the need to account for socioeconomic factors to ensure that no one is left behind in the implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study makes a case for the development and adoption of a health smart card to address the inaccessibility of records to patients. The study concludes by recommending the conduct of a pilot implementation to comprehensively demonstrate and analyze the features of the proposed scheme.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 10","pages":"7-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12391894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of ALBI Grade, APRI Score, and ALBI-APRI Score with Postoperative Outcomes among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis after Non-hepatic Surgery.","authors":"Lorenz Kristoffer D Daga, Jade D Jamias","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9715","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Patients with liver cirrhosis have an increased risk for poor postoperative outcomes after non-hepatic surgery, with liver dysfunction being the most important predictor of poor outcomes. This study aims to determine the association of the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade, aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio index (APRI) score, and ALBI-APRI score with postoperative outcomes among cirrhotic patients who have undergone non-hepatic surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort study involving 34 patients. Age, ASA class, urgency of surgery, etiology of liver cirrhosis, preoperative Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, ALBI grade, APRI score, and ALBI-APRI score were documented. The outcomes analyzed were postoperative hepatic decompensation (POHD) and in-hospital mortality. Bivariate analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test was performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to compare the ability of the liver scoring systems to predict the occurrence of study outcomes. Binary logistic regression was performed to measure the odds ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ALBI grade and ALBI-APRI score were significantly associated with both POHD and in-hospital mortality. Both scores were non-inferior to the CTP and MELD scores in predicting study outcomes. Compared to CTP and MELD scores, the ALBI grade was more sensitive but less specific in predicting POHD and as sensitive but more specific in predicting in-hospital mortality. The ALBI-APRI score was less sensitive but more specific than the ALBI grade in predicting both POHD and in-hospital mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ALBI grade and ALBI-APRI score were both associated with postoperative hepatic decompensation and in-hospital mortality and were noninferior to the CTP score and MELD score in predicting short-term in-hospital outcomes among cirrhotic patients after non-hepatic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 10","pages":"74-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12391895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors Affecting Morbidity and Mortality in Open Repair of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital.","authors":"Eduardo R Bautista, Tricia Angela G Sarile, Adrian E Manapat, Carlo Martin H Garcia, Racel Ireneo Luis C Querol, Leoncio L Kaw","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.10942","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.10942","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To describe the treatment outcomes of patients who underwent open repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and to determine the risk factors affecting morbidity and mortality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Data were obtained from patients with infrarenal AAAs who underwent open surgical repair at the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) from January 2013 to October 31, 2023. These patients' demographic and clinical profile, and treatment outcomes were evaluated using frequencies and percentages. Student's t-test and chi-square test were used for the inferential analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality and morbidity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In this study, 131 patients underwent open surgical repair of AAA. 82.4% of the patients were males, and 45.8% were between 61-70 years old. The majority of them had hypertension (81.4%) and were smokers (75%). The mortality rate was 17.6%, while the morbidity rate was 35.9%. For elective operations, the mortality was 8.9%, and for ruptured aneurysms, it was 56.5%. Eleven factors associated with mortality included ruptured aneurysm (OR=11.5, 95%CI=4.1 to 32.2), decreased hemoglobin (OR=1.1, 95%CI=1.05 to 1.2), decreased hematocrit (OR=1.1, 95%CI=1.06 to 1.4), emergency surgery (OR=10.3, 95%CI=2.9 to 36.3), higher volume of blood loss (OR=1.5, 95%CI=1.5 to 1.9), higher red cell transfusion (OR=1.3, 95%CI=1.1-1.5), intraoperative cardiopulmonary (CP) arrest (OR=15.9, 95%CI=1.6 to 159.2), need for multiple inotropes (OR=2.7, 95%CI=1.5-4.8), intraoperative hypotension (OR=3.6, 95%CI=1.4-9.7), juxta-renal location (OR=5.0, 95%CI=1.2 to 10.0), and presence of any complication (OR=5.7, 95%CI=2.1-15.1). Seven factors associated with morbidity included ruptured aneurysm (OR=3.9, 95%CI=1.5 to 9.8), decreased preoperative hemoglobin (OR=1.2, 95%CI=1.1 to 1.4), decreased preoperative hematocrit (OR=1.5, 95%CI=1.1 to 1.7), elevated preoperative creatinine (OR=1.1, 95%CI=1.06 to 1.9), higher intra-operative blood loss (OR=1.4, 95%CI=1.1 to 1.6), higher red cell transfusion (OR=1.6, 95%CI=1.3-2.1), and preexisting chronic renal disease (OR=3.3, 95%CI=1.4 to 7.5). Other preoperative and intraoperative factors did not show a significant association with mortality or morbidity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The open repair of an infrarenal AAA is linked to high overall mortality (17.6%) and morbidity (35.9%). The mortality rate for elective repair was 8.9%, but it significantly increased to 56.5% in cases of ruptured aneurysms. Factors with very high Odds Ratio such as emergency surgery, ruptured aneurysm, cardiac arrests during surgery, complex juxtarenal anatomy, and postoperative complications can lead to a high chance of mortality. Healthcare professionals should be vigilant and focus on early detection and repair of abdominal aneurysms to prevent emergency su","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 10","pages":"62-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12391890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of the Active Ingredients and Evaluation of Anti-caries Potential of Thai Propolis Extracts.","authors":"John Erick B Quiniquini, Waraporn Putalun, Waranuch Pitiphat, Nutthapong Kantrong, Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit, Pattama Chailertvanitkul","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9709","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.9709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine and quantify the presence of the active components in Thai propolis extracts using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, the anti-caries potential of Thai propolis extract and its active ingredients were tested.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty milligrams of Thai propolis were extracted using either 100%, 90%, 80%, or 70% ethanol and subsequently analyzed using HPLC with a mobile phase gradient system of 10-100% acetonitrile in 0.05% aqueous ortho-phosphoric acid, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, and detection wavelength of 280 nm. Varying concentrations of Thai propolis extracts as well as four active ingredients were subjected to agar well diffusion test against the growth of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>S. mutans</i>) or <i>Lactobacillus caseii</i> (<i>L. caseii</i>).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The concentrations of the four active ingredients: vicenin-2, vitexin, apigenin, and cinnamic acid, were significantly affected by ethanolic concentrations. The chromatographic peaks of all active ingredients from 70% and 80% ethanolic extracts appeared more defined, as compared to those which used higher concentrations of ethanol for extraction. Except for the absolute ethanolic extract, all of the examined propolis extracts, as well as its active ingredients inhibited both <i>S. mutans</i> and <i>L. caseii</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thai propolis extracts contain vicenin-2, vitexin, apigenin, and cinnamic acid as part of its active ingredients. These were found to be significantly affected by the increase in ethanol during its extraction. The presence of these active ingredients might have contributed to the anti-caries potential of Thai propolis extracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":6994,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Philippina","volume":"59 10","pages":"110-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12391898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}