Acta Cytologica最新文献

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000550735","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the article \"Ensuring Quality in Interventional Cytopathology\" [Acta Cytologica. https://doi.org/10.1159/000549803] by Bellevicine et al., the 5th author's name should correctly read Martin Harper Hysek.The original online article has been updated to reflect this.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining Cytotechnologist Practice in Sweden: National Survey on Workload, Expanded Roles, and Future Competency Needs.","authors":"Vladimir Basic, Karin A Stacke, Genta Rexaj, Nadi Kirova, Maria Sanchez Benito, Belinda Englund, Katarina Omholt, Mohammed S I Mansour","doi":"10.1159/000551322","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cytotechnologists have long been central to cervical cancer screening, although their education and job responsibilities differ markedly across countries. The adoption of primary HPV testing has substantially reshaped cytotechnology workforce needs and professional roles. In Sweden, however, no comprehensive overview of these changes exists. This study therefore examined cytotechnologists' training, job tasks, and how HPV testing has affected their daily work and practice patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a nationwide survey of Swedish cytology laboratories using an electronic questionnaire developed by the Board of the Swedish Society of Cytotechnologists. The 84-item instrument addressed workload, diagnostic tasks, ancillary testing, digital cytology, job satisfaction, and managerial assessments. Responses were summarized descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Screening of gynecologic (86%) and non-gynecologic specimens (89%) remained widely practiced among cytotechnologists, together with involvement in rapid onsite evaluation (48%), quality assurance activities (41%), and fine-needle aspiration assessment (55%). The transition to HPV primary screening was associated with reductions exceeding 50% in cervical cytology volumes and contributed to marked workforce pressures; 30% cytotechnologists reported assuming novel responsibilities, 81% of laboratories reported recent cytotechnologist attrition, whereas only 15% anticipated new recruitment. Adoption of digital cytology remained limited (6%), and no laboratory reported the use of artificial intelligence-based tools. Interest in expanded professional roles was high among cytotechnologists (93%) and was substantially supported by managers (88%). Concerns regarding job satisfaction were evident, with 19% of cytotechnologists indicating an intention to leave their position within the forthcoming year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sustaining cytology services will require proactive workforce planning, competency-based upskilling, role diversification, and strategic adoption of digital technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13099131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytologic Diagnosis of Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Diagnostic Approach and Differential Diagnosis.","authors":"Oscar Lin, Mats Ehinger","doi":"10.1159/000551250","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) encompasses a diverse group of aggressive lymphoid neoplasms, the most common of which is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A precise diagnosis is critical for determining prognosis and therapeutic strategies, particularly as new molecular subtypes and classification criteria have been introduced in the 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematolymphoid tumors (WHO-HAEM5, 2022). Fine needle aspiration cytology is a safe and minimally invasive diagnostic tool for assessing lymphadenopathy and extranodal masses.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>LBCLs are typically characterized by single cells with large nuclei, vesicular chromatin pattern, and prominent nucleoli. The diagnosis of LBCL and the distinction distinguishing between LBCL subtypes requires the integration of cytomorphologic features with ancillary techniques, including immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and next-generation sequencing.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>This review synthesizes the cytologic features, immunophenotypic profiles, molecular signatures, and clinical implications of LBCL subtypes, highlighting recent advances in cytopathology and classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13033362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Colloid in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Smears.","authors":"Chung-Yen Huang, Ming-Hsiang Weng, Tsu-Yao Cheng","doi":"10.1159/000551251","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551251","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147316037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utility of the ThinPrep® for Determining Hormone Receptor and HER2 Status in Axillary Lymph Node Fine-Needle Aspiration in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Comparison with the Primary Tumor.","authors":"Evren Uzun, Suna Erkilic","doi":"10.1159/000551115","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Treatment of breast cancer is made on ER, PgR, and HER2 results of primary tumor. However, immunoprofile may differ in axillary metastasis, and treatment may be inadequate or unsuccessful. The objective of this study was to analyze the results of ER, PgR, and HER2 expression and discordance rates in ThinPrep samples from axillary fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and breast Tru-Cut biopsies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted on 372 cases. Comparative analysis was performed on ER, PgR, and HER2 results of breast Tru-Cut biopsy and axillary FNAC obtained concurrently. A comprehensive review of literature addressing this subject was carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed discrepancies between two specimens in 4, 11, and 5 cases for ER, PgR, and HER2, respectively. All discordant cases in ER and PgR and 2 cases in HER2 exhibited a shift from positive to negative. Notably, in 2 cases, HER2 was found to be negative in Tru-Cut biopsy but positive in axillary lymph node FNAC. The HER2 dual silver in situ hybridization amplification was identified in a retrospective analysis of breast Tru-Cut biopsies. The cases examined using the ThinPrep method exhibited 98.93%, 97.1%, and 98.7% concordance for ER, PgR, and HER2, respectively, while the discordance rates were recorded at 1.07%, 2.9%, and 1.3%. The kappa values calculated for ER, PgR, and HER2 were 0.97362 (95% CI 0.94791-0.99932), 0.93443 (95% CI 0.89634-0.97252), and 0.95625 (95% CI 0.91817-0.99432), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ER, PgR, and HER2 results obtained using the ThinPrep in axillary lymph node FNAC had a lower discordance and higher concordance than the majority of studies in the literature. These results demonstrate that axillary lymph node FNAC and ThinPrep can be safely used for accurate treatment selection and diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial for Special Issue of Sydney System for Reporting Lymph Node Lesion Aspirations.","authors":"Kari Syrjänen","doi":"10.1159/000550788","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550788","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146218110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updates about Thyroid Lesions in Pediatric Population Focusing on the ROM from 3rd Edition of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology Categories from Distinct Pediatric Series: A Review Article.","authors":"Esther Diana Rossi, Patrizia Straccia, Alessia Piermattei, Federica Cianfrini, Natalia Cappoli, Antonino Mule, Liron Pantanowitz","doi":"10.1159/000551041","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interpretation of pediatric thyroid lesion represents a challenging diagnostic tool for fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). As for the adult lesions, it represents the first diagnostic tool for correct characterization of these nodules. Recent data from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) have proven that the incidence of thyroid malignancy has been increasing, especially in adolescents. These data are mostly linked to an estimated higher prevalence of well-differentiated cancers with 90% diagnosed as papillary thyroid cancer; some specific malignant subtypes, such as diffuse sclerosing subtype, are more frequently diagnosed in children, with, not uncommonly, a more aggressive behavior, which justifies the increased number of surgical procedures. For this reason, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommended the performance of neck ultrasonography and FNAC in the evaluation of pediatric thyroid nodules. In this regard, the performance of an FNAC has high sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy in pediatric series, sharing the same problematic issues encountered in adult population, mostly in the diagnosis of the indeterminate lesions.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Since 2023, the diagnosis of a pediatric lesion was based on the risk of malignancy used for the adulthood. The introduction of the third edition of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) introduced, for the first time, a specific adoption of diagnostic categories combined with their own and personalized ROM and management in pediatric thyroid lesions. In this review, we focused on the analysis of the ROM and data from literature hinged on the evaluation of the adoption of the 3rd edition of TBSRTC in pediatric thyroid lesions.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>Briefly, the primary source of the reviewed publications was the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science database using the keywords (thyroid) and (carcinoma or neoplasm or cancer) AND (Bethesda or TBSRTC) and (Paediatric). The search consisted of literature published from January 2023 to September 2025 with the objective of calculating the risk of malignancy for III, IV, V, and VI diagnostic categories of the 3rd edition of TBSRTC in pediatric group. We limited our search to English-language articles.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplex Cryoimmunostaining in Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies and Effusion Samples: Preliminary Results.","authors":"Simona Miceska, Ivana Kholová, Veronika Kloboves Prevodnik","doi":"10.1159/000550736","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immunocytochemistry (ICC) on cytospins and cell blocks is usually limited to a single marker per slide, often restricting diagnostic accuracy when sample cellularity is low. Multiplex cryoimmunostaining (mCryo), though not yet used in a routine cytopathology practice, may help overcome these limitations. Our study evaluated the applicability of mCryo compared with standard ICC on routinely prepared cytospins.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Residual fine-needle aspiration biopsy and effusion samples from various diseases were used. mCryo staining with antibody panel consisting of EpCAM, CK7, CD56, TTF-1, p40, CD45, and calretinin (X-ZELL, Singapore) was tested on methanol-fixed cytospins, corresponding ICC-stained cytospins served as controls. All slides were reviewed blindly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-two samples were included in the analysis (21 carcinomas, eight lymphomas, five melanomas, eight non-neoplastic). mCryo revealed preserved morphology and no background staining in most of the cases. A 100% of true positivity was observed for EpCAM (21/21), CK7 (21/21), p40 (3/3), and TTF-1 (1/1) in carcinomas matching ICC results. TTF-1 was also true-positive in 2/2 benign thyroid nodule samples. CD45 was detected in all samples with both methods, labeling lymphocytes. Calretinin was true-positive only in 2/6 effusion samples. CK7 positivity was unexpectedly detected in all melanomas (5/5) by mCryo but not by ICC. Moreover, CD56 was also positive in all carcinomas and melanomas by mCryo (26/26), while only 9 cases were positive by ICC, raising the question of unspecific staining, antibody cross-reactivity, or spectral overlap of fluorochromes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>mCryo enables simultaneous evaluation of multiple markers per slide on routinely prepared cytospins, offering potential diagnostic advantages for paucicellular samples. However, further method and panel improvement, and validation are essential for accurate diagnostic implementation into routine practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13012770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146148721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Malignancy in the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Categories in Pediatric Population from Distinct Countries: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Mohammed Amer Swid, Mohammad Salimian, Sandra Ixchel Sanchez, Zahra Maleki","doi":"10.1159/000550898","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) is applied widely in reporting salivary gland cytology in adult population; however, there are limited publications on its application in pediatric population and consequently on risk of malignancy (ROM) for each diagnostic category. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ROM for each diagnostic category in the MSRSGC in pediatric patients from different countries using only three published original studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>FNA of the pediatric salivary gland lesions was assessed from three different studies: (1) Maleki et al., (2) Satturwar et al., and (3) Wang et al., and then classified based on the MSRSGC categories: nondiagnostic, non-neoplastic, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), benign neoplasm, salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP), suspicious for malignancy (SM), and malignant. In each study, we reviewed the cases distributed according to the MSRSGC and recorded the ROM, as well as the available histological follow-up results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cases across the three different cohort studies showed different distributions using the MSRSGC category. The population of Maleki's cohort study had the highest total patients of around 477 cases. Also, it had the highest number of cases diagnosed as non-neoplastic (34.6%). On the other hand, the paper of Satturwar's series had around 32 cases that showed a predominance of benign neoplasms (34.4%). The third research paper by Wang's cohort had around 104 cases that demonstrated a higher proportion of malignant cases (5.8%) relative to total aspirates. The ROM values were also reviewed for each MSRSGC category and showed different outcomes between those three studies. The ROM of \"SM\" and \"malignant\" categories reached 100% in two cohort studies done by Satturwar's and Wang's series versus 60% and 90%, respectively, in Maleki's paper. Histologic follow-up was available for 49.7% of Maleki's, 65.6% of Satturwar's, and 51.9% of Wang's cases. The ROM for benign neoplasms was consistently low (<5-6%) across studies, while AUS and SUMP categories showed wide interstudy variability (AUS ROM: 20-100%; SUMP ROM: 31.8-67%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study of 613 salivary gland FNAs in pediatrics confirms that the MSRSGC is applicable on pediatric population with overall high reproducibility. The ROM was lower in benign neoplasm, while it was 100% in SM and malignant categories. Variations on ROM data are most likely due to sample size differences, and patient population and surgical follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Diagnosis of T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Morphologic Features, Ancillary Testing, and Diagnostic Pitfalls.","authors":"Immacolata Cozzolino, Pio Zeppa, L Jeffrey Medeiros","doi":"10.1159/000550789","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of mature lymphoid neoplasms that usually pursue an aggressive clinical course and involve both nodal and extranodal sites. These neoplasms have diverse clinical presentations, histopathologic patterns, immunophenotypes, genetic features, and prognoses.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Accurate classification, as outlined in the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours (WHO-HAEM5) and in the WHO Reporting System for Lymph Node, Spleen, and Thymus Cytopathology, requires integration of clinical information and the results of histopathology, immunophenotyping, viral status, and, when indicated, molecular analyses. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) provides a minimally invasive opportunity to sample nodal and extranodal lesions and can support either a definitive diagnosis or a highly suggestive provisional diagnosis in selected T-cell lymphoma subtypes, particularly when combined with immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry (including TRBC1), and molecular clonality testing. However, cytomorphologic overlap with reactive or other neoplastic conditions often limits the ability of FNAB alone to provide full subclassification. In this review, we summarize the cytologic features and ancillary test profiles of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL), systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), breast implant-associated ALCL (BIA-ALCL), nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma-angioimmunoblastic type (nTFHL-AI), hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL), and peripheral T-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). For each entity, we emphasize practical diagnostic algorithms in FNAB-based cytology, typical immunophenotypic and molecular patterns, common pitfalls, and situations in which histology - preferably excisional biopsy - remains mandatory. A comparative overview indicates which entities can be definitively subclassified on cytology with appropriate ancillary techniques and provides examples of structured reporting according to the WHO Reporting System.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>FNAB, when appropriately triaged for preparation of a cell block, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and molecular studies can provide a definitive or near-definitive diagnosis in some T-cell lymphomas (e.g., T-LBL, systemic ALCL, BIA-ALCL effusions), whereas in other entities it serves mainly to raise strong suspicion and guide tissue biopsy (e.g., nTFHL-AI, PTCL-NOS). Understanding which entities can be reliably recognized by cytologic assessment, which ancillary panels are most informative, and where the limits of cytopathology lie are essential for optimal patient management and for appropriate use of the WHO Reporting System in daily practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146103384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}