Acta Cytologica最新文献

{"title":"Suitability of Different Cytological Preparations for Molecular Analysis of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers.","authors":"Elisabetta Maffei, Chiara Ciaparrone, Angela D'Ardia, Valentina Giudice, Francesco Sabbatino, Antonino Giangrasso, Pio Zeppa, Alessandro Caputo","doi":"10.1159/000543739","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Around 85% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are diagnosed at an advanced stage (IIIB to IV), where therapeutic options depend on molecular analysis. However, diagnostic material for molecular testing is often represented by cytological samples which are generally scarce and span a wide range of preparation types. Thus, the primary objective is to efficiently manage materials for molecular profiling. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of different cytological samples to assess morphological and molecular characteristics of advanced NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-seven cytological samples obtained from patients with advanced NSCLC were utilized. The series encompassed different procedure types (fine-needle aspiration cytology, transbronchial needle aspiration, effusions) processed by cell blocks in 54% (n = 36), direct smears in 33% (n = 22), and liquid-based cytology (LBC) in 13% (n = 9). Cytological diagnoses were routinely performed, and molecular analysis was conducted using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adequate quantity and quality of nucleic acids were obtained from all the samples, allowing molecular profiling. Combined NGS and RT-PCR analysis showed wild-type profiles in 62.7% (n = 42) and mutated profiles in 37.3% (n = 25) of the samples. Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Virus (KRAS) mutations were identified in 19.5% (n = 13) of samples, EGFR mutations in 10.4% (n = 7) and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutations in 2.9% (n = 2). Identified chromosomal alterations were v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ERBB2) duplication in 2.9% (n = 2).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The cytological sample types examined in this study proved to be suitable for molecular testing, in addition to conventional morphologic diagnosis, showing versatility and adaptability to different clinical contexts. Molecular testing on cytological samples is accurate and fast, representing a valid tool for molecular profiling of advanced NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperative Rapid On-Site Evaluation of Lung Tumors: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.","authors":"Konstantinos Christofidis, Alexandros Pergaris, Maria Kalfa, Eirini Klapsinou, Vasiliki Kyriakidou, Zoi Chodrodimou, Kyriaki Savvidou, Maria Terzi, Chrysa Stamou, Dimitrios Mallios, Kosmas Iliadis, Charitini Salla, Panagiota Mikou","doi":"10.1159/000543576","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lung cancer remains a major health challenge, and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) has emerged as a valuable tool in lung cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the performance of ROSE in the intraoperative diagnosis of lung cancer and its correlation with the histological findings of frozen sections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted on 414 cases of intraoperative ROSE performed during lung surgeries between 2017 and 2022. Cytological findings were classified according to the World Health Organization Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology and compared with the subsequent histological diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ROSE demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy of 92.2%. The risk of malignancy varied across diagnostic categories, highlighting the value of ROSE in risk stratification. Only 12% of cases with a ROSE diagnosis of malignancy or suspicion of malignancy were discordant with the final histological diagnosis and only as to the specific tumor type.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ROSE is a reliable technique for lung cancer diagnosis, not only during EBUS- or CT-guided FNA but also in the setting of lung surgery, offering high accuracy and risk stratification. It contributes to improved patient management by optimizing procedures, reducing complications, and enhancing specimen quality for further analyses. ROSE is a valuable asset in the modern era of personalized medicine, facilitating tailored treatment approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Evaluation of Pap Test Adherence to Routine Screening in Amazonas State, Brazil.","authors":"Rosana Lima de Oliveira, Emanuelle Cristina de Andrade Valente, João Guilherme de Souza Gadelha, Steven S Witkin, Juliana Yukari K Viscondi, Rita de Cássia Castro de Jesus, Lúcia Marques de Freitas, Ivanete de Lima Sampaio, Edson de Freitas Gomes, Kátia Luz Torres, Maria Cássia Mendes-Corrêa, Adhemar Longatto-Filho, Toni Ricardo Martins","doi":"10.1159/000543496","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study critically evaluates adherence to Pap test screening practices in cytology-based cervical cancer screening in the state of Amazonas over a 10-year period.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted of the results of cytological screening examinations (Pap test) in Amazonas State from 2013 to 2023. For this purpose, Brazilian public databases Cervical Cancer Information System (SISCOLO) and Cancer Information System (SISCAN) (from the Department of Information and IT of the Unified Health System [DATASUS]) were consulted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a decrease in the number of Pap tests performed during the period from 2019 to 2021, likely related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was followed by a subsequent increase in the post-pandemic period. Notably, in municipalities with fewer than 10,000 annual Pap examinations there was a decrease in the average number of tests when comparing the years 2016-2018 to 2013-2015, and an even greater decrease during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is considerable variation in utilization of the cytological Pap test across different municipalities. This lack of uniformity throughout the state likely compromises the capacity to detect early stage cervical intraepithelial lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142942441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Whole Slide Imaging Assist in Thyroid Indeterminate Cytology: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Olia Poursina, Azadeh Khayyat, Sara Maleki, Ali Amin","doi":"10.1159/000543344","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thyroid cytopathology, particularly in cases of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesions of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), suffers from suboptimal sensitivity and specificity challenges. Recent advancements in digital pathology and artificial intelligence (AI) hold promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy. This systematic review included studies that focused on diagnostic accuracy in AUS/FLUS cases using AI, whole slide imaging (WSI), or both.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Of the 176 studies from 2000 to 2023, 13 met the inclusion criteria. The datasets range from 145 to 964 WSIs, with an overall number of 494 AUS cases ranging from eight to 254. Five studies used convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and two used artificial neural networks (ANNs). The preparation methods included Romanowsky-stained smears either alone or combined with Papanicolaou-stained or H&amp;E and liquid-based cytology (ThinPrep). The scanner models that were used for scanning the slides varied, including Leica/Aperio, Alyuda Neurointelligence Cupertino, and PANNORAMIC™ Desk Scanner. Classifiers used include Feedforward Neural Networks (FFNNs), Two-Layer Feedforward Neural Networks (2L-FFNNs), Classifier Machine Learning Algorithm (MLA), Visual Geometry Group 11 (VGG11), Gradient Boosting Trees (GBT), Extra Trees Classifier (ETC), YOLOv4, EfficientNetV2-L, Back-Propagation Multi-Layer Perceptron (BP MLP), and MobileNetV2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The available studies have shown promising results in differentiating between thyroid lesions, including AUS/FLUS. AI can be especially effective in removing sources of errors such as subjective assessment, variation in staining, and algorithms. CNN has been successful in processing WSI data and identifying diagnostic features with minimal human supervision. ANNs excelled in integrating structured clinical data with image-derived features, particularly when paired with WSI, enhancing diagnostic accuracy for indeterminate thyroid lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A combined approach using both CNN and ANN can take advantage of their strengths. While AI and WSI integration shows promise in improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing uncertainty in indeterminate thyroid cytology, challenges such as the lack of standardization need to be addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Message from the International Academy of Cytology.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000543694","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543694","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"69 1","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the Art and Science of Immunocytochemistry.","authors":"Irena Srebotnik Kirbis","doi":"10.1159/000539634","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is a widely available and extensively used ancillary method in diagnostic cytopathology with great variability in all test phases and a low level of adequate quality management. The non-standardized ICC landscape is now challenged with the introduction of the new European (EU) In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation (IVDR). According to this regulation, ICC on cytological slides falls under the category of Laboratory-Developed Tests (LDT), which requires rigorous standardization, validation, and thorough quality management.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Complete standardization of pre-analytical and analytical steps in ICC is impossible due to the complexity of the method and the constantly evolving antibodies, detection systems, and platforms. However, similar to the approach in immunohistochemistry, improving and standardizing \"best practices\" in quality management will result in high-quality, correct, accurate, and reliable ICC results. In this review, the current challenges of ICC in diagnostic cytopathology will be discussed, along with practical insights into ICC standardization and validation.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Control slides prepared in the same manner as the patient samples, optimized ICC protocols, and participation in external quality control for ICC are the pillars of good quality management and essential to ensure safe and reliable patient diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141299712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Message from the International Academy of Cytology.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000543460","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"69 1","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Immunocytochemistry in the Cytological Diagnosis of Mesothelioma.","authors":"Claire W Michael, Shannon Alexandra Rodgers","doi":"10.1159/000543048","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mesothelioma is an aggressive malignancy of the serosal surfaces with very poor prognosis. It traditionally manifests in older patients and at an advanced stage which results in minimal improvement in prognosis despite the recent advances in management. Early detection would therefore significantly impact management and potentially improve survival. Mesothelioma frequently presents with recurrent effusions, posing cytology as the initial procedure in the workup. A definitive diagnosis would not only spare the patients additional diagnostic procedures but also potentially afford them an opportunity for early surgical intervention and therapy.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In this article, we review the role of immunocytochemistry (ICC) in the workup of mesothelioma. The various ICC markers to confirm or rule out mesothelial lineage are reviewed. In addition, newly introduced molecular surrogates that confirm the malignant nature of the mesothelial cells and support a definitive diagnosis of mesothelioma are discussed. We also briefly discuss the theranostic implications of such markers and potential impact of such recent advances on the cytological diagnosis and reporting of mesothelioma.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The cytological diagnosis of mesothelioma no longer requires the extensive expertise in morphological analysis and can be offered based on supporting ICC that confirms the mesothelial lineage and malignant nature of the cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"26-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Assurance in Immunocytochemistry: A Review and Practical Considerations.","authors":"Maria D Lozano, Ramon Robledano, Allan Argueta","doi":"10.1159/000540532","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cytological samples play a critical role in diagnosing advanced-stage tumors and those arising in difficult-to-reach anatomical sites such as the pancreatobiliary tract, lung, thyroid, suprarenal, pelvis, and others such as salivary glands. These samples are often the only available material for accurate diagnosis and for performing ancillary studies, such as immunocytochemistry (ICC) or the detection of molecular biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>While the use of immunohistochemistry is well established and standardized on formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded histological tissue, in cytological samples, it presents unique challenges. Methods used for obtaining and processing these specimens are complex and are not standardized among laboratories. Moreover, there is also diversity in the types of cytological samples potentially suitable for ICC.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>This review explores the current landscape of ICC practices in European and North American laboratories, highlighting variability in methods and the need for standardization to ensure reliable results and reproducibility of ICC on cytological specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"60-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141756500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunocytochemistry in Cytology: Myth or Reality.","authors":"Deepali Jain, Lukas Bubendorf","doi":"10.1159/000543867","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543867","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}