中国医学科学院学报最新文献

{"title":"Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing-Assisted Diagnosis of Japanese Spotted Fever: Report of One Case.","authors":"Ruan Yong-Chun, Zhou Yi-Qing, Zhang Hai-Wang, Zhou Jie, Duan Jin-Nan, Zhang Xiao-Jing, L I Ming-Hui","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.15997","DOIUrl":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.15997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japanese spotted fever(JSF)is an infectious disease caused by <i>Rickettsia japonica</i>,with nonspecific clinical symptoms and a high risk of misdiagnosis.We reported a case of JSF,in which <i>Rickettsia japonica</i> was detected in blood cells by metagenomic next-generation sequencing.The patient recovered after treatment with doxycycline.This report provides a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of JSF.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"146-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Research on Application of Quantitative CT in Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis.","authors":"Ning Xia, Dong-Fa Liao, Xiang-Wei Li, Da Liu","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16035","DOIUrl":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantitative CT (QCT) is a method of measuring bone mineral density (BMD) of human based on a CT machine,calibrated by QCT body model and analyzed by professional software.Compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,QCT can not only assess the cortical and cancellous BMD but also exclude the influences of osteophytes and aortic/vascular calcification,thus being capable of accurately reflecting patients' bone mass.In recent years,increasing studies on QCT and osteoporosis (OP) have been carried out,and the application of QCT in the diagnosis of OP,evaluation of vertebral bone conditions,prediction of fracture risks,and assessment of anti-OP treatment is garnering increasing attention from researchers at home and abroad.This article reviews the research progress in this field,aiming to provide a reference for the research on QCT in the diagnosis and treatment of OP.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":" ","pages":"118-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress in Copper Homeostasis and Diseases.","authors":"Qiu Shu-Ting, Tan Xiao-Hua, Shao Shi-Han, L I Yu, Zhang Ying-Ying, Cao Yue-Jia, D I Chun-Hong","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.15884","DOIUrl":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.15884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an indispensable trace element in the human body,copper plays an important role in various physiological and biochemical reactions.The dyshomeostasis of copper leads to the disorder of copper metabolism and the occurrence of related diseases.Cuproptosis,a newly proposed regulatory cell death mode,is different from the known apoptosis,pyroptosis,necroptosis,and ferroptosis.Recent studies have found that the dyshomeostasis of copper has been observed in a variety of cancers.Therefore,targeting copper for disease treatment may become a new strategy and a new idea.This article systematically summarizes the fundamental properties of copper,copper dyshomeostasis-related diseases (Menkes syndrome,Wilson's disease,and cancer) and their treatment,and reviews the research progress in cuproptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"102-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological Features and HOX Transcript Antisense RNA In Situ Hybridization Detection of Myxopapillary Ependymoma.","authors":"Zhang Yu-Han, Wang Zheng, L U Jun-Liang, Zhao Da-Chun, Huo Zhen","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16132","DOIUrl":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective To summarize the clinicopathological features,immunohistochemical characteristics,HOX transcript antisense RNA(HOTAIR)in situ hybridization status,treatment,and prognosis of myxopapillary ependymoma(MPE). Methods A total of 17 patients diagnosed with MPE based on pathological evidence in the Department of Pathology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2006 to July 2023 were selected,and the clinicopathological data of these patients were collected.Immunohistochemical staining for trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),and epithelial membrane antigen(EMA)and alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff(AB-PAS)staining were performed in all the patients.Sixteen patients with spinal ependymomas were selected as the control group.Tissue microarrays were prepared from 17 MPE patients and the control group.HOTAIR ISH was performed and semi-quantitatively scored,and the scores of the two groups were compared by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results The 17 MPE patients aged 14-64 years,with the mean age of(37.48±16.10)years and the male-to-female ratio of 0.7∶1.Their clinical manifestations mainly included lumbosacral and lower limb pains.Microscopically,tumor cells were arranged in a papillary pattern around fibrovascular axis,with abundant myxoid materials,and tumor cells were arranged in a loose meshwork in some patients.The immunohistochemical staining results showed that 17(100%),10(58.82%),and 8(47.06%)patients expressed GFAP,EMA,and D2-40,respectively,and 2(11.76%)patients lacked expression of H3K27me3.AB-PAS staining showed blue myxoid materials in all the 17(100%)patients.HOTAIR was expressed in both MPE and control groups,with higher semi-quantitative score in the MPE group than in the control group(<i>P</i>=0.004).Twelve patients were followed up,with a median follow-up period of 65.50 months,during which three patients showed recurrence.Conclusions MPE exhibits typical pathological features,and the combination with immunohistochemical staining for GFAP and EMA as well as AB-PAS staining facilitates diagnosis of this disease.A small number of patients loss the expression of H3K27me3.HOTAIR is highly expressed in MPE but lacks specificity,which limits its auxiliary diagnostic value.The overall prognosis of MPE is favorable,with a few patients experiencing recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Multi-Model Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction-Veo in Ultra-Low Dose Chest CT Examination of Children in Plateau Area.","authors":"Xian-Tao Wang, Rui-Ting Bai, Cidanwangjiu, Suolangnima, Nimazhuoga, Bai-Yan Su","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16068","DOIUrl":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective To explore the application value of multi-model adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-Veo (ASiR-V) in ultra-low dose chest CT examination of children in the plateau area. Methods The children who underwent chest CT examination in Xizang Autonomous Region People's Hospital were enrolled in this study and assigned into two groups according to the scanning conditions.Group A underwent scanning at a tube voltage of 100 kV and ASiR-V 50% reconstruction,and group B underwent scanning at a tube voltage of 80 kV and ASiR-V 0 (Group B1) and ASiR-V 50% (Group B2) reconstruction.The image quality of each group was evaluated objectively and subjectively.The radiation dose and image quality were compared between groups. Results Groups A and B showed the volume CT dose indexes of (2.33±0.62) mGy and (0.86±0.01) mGy and the dose length products of (65.01±25.12) mGy·cm and (23.55±3.38) mGy·cm,respectively,which presented differences between groups (both <i>P</i><0.001).The image noise in the bilateral upper and middle lung areas in group B2 was lower than that in group B1 but higher than that in group A (all <i>P</i><0.001).There was no significant difference in image quality score of the lung window among groups (all <i>P</i>>0.05).Groups A,B1,and B2 had no significant differences in ascending aorta (<i>P</i>=0.538) or liver CT value (<i>P</i>=0.175) in the mediastinal window.The signal-to-noise ratios and contrast-to-noise ratios of ascending aorta and liver in group B2 were higher than those in group B1 (all <i>P</i><0.001) and lower than those in group A (all <i>P</i><0.05).The image quality score of the mediastinal window followed a descending order of group A>group B2>group B1 (all <i>P</i><0.001)。Conclusion ASiR-V combined with low tube voltage can effectively reduce the radiation dose and guarantee the image quality of chest CT of children in the plateau area.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":" ","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease Complicated by Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia.","authors":"Gao Yu-Han, L I Si-Yuan, Dang Yue, L I Jian, Zhang Lu","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16135","DOIUrl":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,treatment responses,and prognosis of patients with idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease(iMCD)complicated by autoimmune hemolytic anemia(AIHA). Methods The patients diagnosed with iMCD in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2010 to December 2023 and having complete baseline blood routine data were retrospectively enrolled in the study.The iMCD patients were further assigned into AIHA and non-AIHA groups based on baseline laboratory examinations,and the clinical characteristics and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 341 patients with iMCD were enrolled in this study,including 277(81.2%)exhibiting anemia at baseline.Five(1.8%)patients were identified as having iMCD-AIHA,all of whom were iMCD-not otherwise specified type complicated by warm antibody-type AIHA,and two of them were simultaneously diagnosed with Evans syndrome.The timing relationship between the first onset of AIHA and iMCD diagnosis varied,with 2 patients experiencing their first hemolytic episode prior to the diagnosis of iMCD.In terms of treatment,the therapy targeting iMCD was effective in alleviating AIHA.The AIHA group had a poorer prognosis(<i>HR</i>=4.61,95% <i>CI</i>=1.08-19.80,<i>P</i>=0.040)and a lower 5-year survival rate(90% <i>vs.</i>60%,<i>P</i>=0.024)than the non-AIHA group.Conclusions iMCD-AIHA is clinically rare,and AIHA can occur at different stages of iMCD.Although the primary treatment principle remains targeting iMCD,great attention should be paid to the exacerbation of immune dysfunction caused by AIHA and the possible adverse prognosis it may bring.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience and Implications on Advance Medical Directives in Hong Kong.","authors":"Gao Xiao-Yi","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16193","DOIUrl":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advance medical directives allow patients to plan in advance their medical decisions in the event of incurable diseases or at the end of their lives when they have the capacity to make such decisions.This institutional design not only breaks through the traditional medical decision-making model and enables patients to make autonomous decisions across time and space,but also demonstrates the law's respect for and protection of patients' right to make autonomous decisions and their dignity of life.The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region submitted the bill related to advance medical directives to the Legislative Council for review at the end of 2023.On November 20,2024,the Advance Decision on Life-Sustaining Treatment Bill was passed,a move that is of great significance to regulating the legal issues in medical decision-making.This paper will delve into the basic principles,main contents,and related considerations of advance medical directives in Hong Kong,aiming to provide insights and references for the future improvement of relevant laws in the Chinese mainland.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"68-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Relapsed and Refractory Malignant Gonadal Germ Cell Tumors.","authors":"Zhang Tian-Yu, Yang Jia-Xin","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16055","DOIUrl":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Germ cell tumors typically occur in the gonadal regions,characterized by high malignancy and rapid progression.Due to their high sensitivity to chemotherapy,the cure rate is generally high.However,a portion of patients still succumb to chemotherapy resistance and disease progression.The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has significantly improved the prognosis for various solid tumors,while the immune mechanisms and efficacy of immunotherapy in germ cell tumors remain understudied.Whether relapsed and refractory germ cell tumors can benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors remains to be investigated.In this review,we summarize the immune-related mechanisms,case reports,and clinical trials of immunotherapy in germ cell tumors to assess the effectiveness of this therapy,providing a reference for future basic research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"131-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular and Histopathological Characteristics of Ultrasonically Underdiagnosed 3/4a Thyroid Nodules.","authors":"W U Wei-Qi, X U Cun-Bao, L I You-Jia, S U Chun-Yang, Zhang Feng-Shun, Chen Yi-Feng","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16040","DOIUrl":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective To analyze the cellular and histopathological characteristics of underdiagnosed thyroid nodules of Chinese thyroid imaging reporting and data system(C-TIRADS) categories 3 and 4a,thus improving the understanding of these lesions. Methods The data of ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology were collected from 683 nodules diagnosed based on pathological evidence in 549 patients undergoing thyroid surgery.The cellular and histopathological characteristics of C-TIRADS 3 and 4a nodules were analyzed. Results Two hundred and sixty-eight nodules were classified as C-TIRADS category 3,including 236 benign nodules,12 low-risk ones,and 20 (7.46%) malignant ones.Two hundred and twenty-one nodules were classified as C-TIRADS category 4a,including 133 benign nodules,7 low-risk ones,and 81 (36.65%) malignant ones.The malignancy rates differed between C-TIRADS 3 and 4a nodules (<i>χ²</i>=58.93,<i>P</i><0.001),and both were higher than the recommended malignancy rate in the guidelines for malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules (C-TIRADS) (both <i>P</i><0.001).According to the pathological evidence,the underdiagnosed C-TIRADS 3/4a nodules were mainly papillary thyroid carcinoma,especially in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis.There was not a consistent one-to-one match between each ultrasound result and each cytological classification of low-risk thyroid nodules.Conclusions When the malignant features in preoprative ultrasound imaging are atypical or absent,papillary thyroid carcinoma (especially with Hashimoto thyroiditis),follicular carcinoma,and medullary carcinoma are likely to be underdiagnosed as C-TIRADS 3 or 4a nodules.Therefore,efforts should be made to fully understand the cellular and pathological characteristics of these lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"23-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphatic and Venous Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging for Differential Diagnosis of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Thyroid Cancer.","authors":"L I Xu, Wan Wen-Bo, Gao Tian, Gou Tao-Hua, Zhang Yan","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16120","DOIUrl":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective To investigate the value of the novel lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound(LCEUS)and conventional venous contrast-enhanced ultrasound(VCEUS)in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes in patients with thyroid cancer. Methods Patients with suspected thyroid cancer underwent conventional ultrasound,VCEUS,and LCEUS examinations of cervical lymph nodes before biopsy.The diagnostic abilities of conventional ultrasound,VCEUS,and LCEUS were compared with pathological results as the golden standard. Results Forty-four patients with 52 lymph nodes were included in the final data.Thirty-eight metastatic lymph nodes were confirmed by pathological results,and 14 were benign.The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy were 97.37%,71.43%,and 90.38% for LCEUS,92.11%,35.71%,and 76.92% for VCEUS,and 94.74%,21.43%,and 75.00% for conventional ultrasound,respectively.The area under the curve of LCEUS analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curve was greater than that of VCEUS(<i>P</i>=0.020)and conventional ultrasound(<i>P</i><0.001). Conclusion LCEUS could significantly improve the differential diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis in the patients with thyroid cancer,providing a basis for precise clinical treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}