{"title":"Mapping the photocurrent and photovoltage of hybrid perovskite thin films under concentrated sunlight","authors":"Chandra Shakher Pathak","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00349-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00349-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we study spatially resolved generation of photocurrent and photovoltage of mesoporous PbI<sub>2</sub> scaffolds CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite film with and without polyaniline (PANI) to reveal the microscopic effects of material degradation under concentrated sunlight. The degradation in absorption of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> film after exposure to concentrated sunlight is mainly due to the decomposition of perovskite, and no degradation was observed for PANI-CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> film. Direct measurement of photocurrent and photovoltage have been investigated for PbI<sub>2</sub> scaffold perovskite films at the nanoscale. These results reveal substantial variation in the photocurrent and photovoltage that correlated with the microstructural features of the perovskite film with degradation under concentrated sunlight.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Schematic diagram of the CAFM and KPFM measurements and corresponding current and CPD maps.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"439 - 449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jungyoon Seo, Taehoon Hwang, Jisu Park, Yumin Kim, Hwa Sung Lee
{"title":"Unveiling novel grub-style pentacene crystals driven by hierarchical self-assembled crystallization","authors":"Jungyoon Seo, Taehoon Hwang, Jisu Park, Yumin Kim, Hwa Sung Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00355-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00355-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organic–semiconductor-based electronic devices have become a pivotal area of research, particularly owing to their promising applications in cost-effective and flexible electronics. Refinement of the crystalline structure of organic semiconductors is one of the most important strategies for improving device performance. Herein, we aim to expand our knowledge of single-crystalline organic semiconductors and elucidate the crystallization mechanism and growth dynamics of novel grub-shaped pentacene single crystals synthesized via a solvent-assisted drying technique. These crystals exhibit a unique grub-like morphology, distinct from the planar or ribbon-like structures typically reported for high-solubility organic semiconductors. The findings reveal that pentacene molecules, self-assembled through <i>π</i>–<i>π</i> interactions, form numerous small sub-grub crystals, which subsequently coalesce into larger, well-defined crystals. This hypothesis was supported by the presence of a hierarchical structure combined with sub-grub-like crystals on the grub-shaped pentacene crystal surface. Electrical evaluations demonstrated substantial current densities in the low-drain-voltage regime, underscoring the potential of these crystals for advanced organic electronic applications. This study offers significant insight into the unique crystallization behavior of low-solubility organic semiconductors and highlights their potential for use in high-performance electronics.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 5","pages":"625 - 631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation of self-healing pHEMA hydrogels using dynamic covalent crosslinkers","authors":"Jung-Hyun Choi, Byoung-Ki Cho","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00352-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00352-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a crosslinker with dynamic properties (<b>SH-Crosslinker</b>) was synthesized via the thiol-Michael reaction and the introduction of methacrylate groups. A self-healing hydrogel (<b>SH-Hydrogel</b>) was then produced through the thermal polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and <b>SH-Crosslinker</b>. In contrast to an unhealable control hydrogel prepared using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) crosslinker, <b>SH-Hydrogel</b> demonstrated a recovery of nearly 90% of its original tensile strength after being cut. Utilizing the same solution mixture used in the <b>SH-Hydrogel</b> production, a self-healing contact lens (<b>SH-Lens</b>) was fabricated. This contact lens demonstrated a high visible-light transmittance of 97.3% and a water content of 40.4%, comparable to commercial contact lenses. Consequently, this research on hydrogels with dynamically crosslinked agents enabled the development of contact lenses with self-healing properties.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Self-healing poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels based on dynamic covalent crosslinker.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 5","pages":"601 - 610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyeonho Jeong, So Mi Lee, Yong Min Kim, Min Jae Shin
{"title":"Extraction of active components from the bark of Fraxinus Rhynchophylla and their encapsulation","authors":"Hyeonho Jeong, So Mi Lee, Yong Min Kim, Min Jae Shin","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00339-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00339-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we extracted active components from the bark of <i>Fraxinus rhynchophylla</i> and encapsulated them to assess their potential use as cosmetic ingredients. During the extraction process, we identified the heat-treatment conditions that maximized esculetin content. Encapsulation of the active components was performed using the solvent evaporation method, with polycaprolactone as the wall material. The formed microcapsules were examined using scanning electron microscopy, and it was confirmed that controlled release occurred effectively. Regarding the properties of cosmetic materials, we first conducted toxicity tests, which revealed no issues. In addition, we used real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the anti-aging efficacy, confirming that the material has anti-aging effects and likely improves wrinkles.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>We extracted active components from the bark of <i>Fraxinus rhynchophylla</i> and encapsulated them to assess their potential use as cosmetic ingredients</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"497 - 506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Hoon Lee, Jong Woo Kim, Tae Hyeon Kim, Kune-Woo Lee, Taek Seung Lee
{"title":"Synthesis of NAD-functionalized organic semiconducting polymer dots for fluorometric γ-aminobutyric acid sensing","authors":"Dong Hoon Lee, Jong Woo Kim, Tae Hyeon Kim, Kune-Woo Lee, Taek Seung Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00351-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00351-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important neurotransmitter that is associated with neurological disorders. In this work, a semiconducting polymer dot-based biosensor was developed to detect GABA via ratiometric fluorescence change. The surface of the semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) was functionalized with boronic acid via N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide coupling reaction that could further bind to diol in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to form boronic ester. GABA was converted to succinate by the enzymatic reaction using GABase. During the reaction, nonfluorescent NAD became blue-emissive, converting NAD to its reduced form NADH and was also located on the polymer dot surface. Simultaneously, the red fluorescence of Pdots decreased via electron transfer between Pdots and NADH. With this fluorescence color change during the enzymatic reaction, the concentration of GABA could be determined using the NADH formed. The limit of detection of GABA was found to be 22.0 μM, and the detection range was 0–0.20 mM of GABA concentration.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>GABA was successfully quantified using enzymatic reaction in the presence of GABase and fluorescent Pdots. During the reaction, the NAD on the surface of Pdots was converted to fluorescent NADH, and red fluorescence of Pdots became decreased because the energy was transferred to blue-emissive NADH. The ratio of red and blue fluorescence can be an efficient signal of GABA concentration.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 5","pages":"633 - 641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutawakkil Isah, Farrukh Shehzad, Muhammad Daud, Mamdouh A. Al-Harthi
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of phosphonium-based ionic liquid anchored graphene functionalized ZnAl-ldh nanocomposite for polystyrene applications","authors":"Mutawakkil Isah, Farrukh Shehzad, Muhammad Daud, Mamdouh A. Al-Harthi","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00350-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00350-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites were synthesized by incorporating layered double hydroxide (LDH) functionalized with graphene (G) and phosphonium-based ionic liquid (PCL). These nanofillers were added to PS at varying weight contents of 5%, 10%, and 15% to evaluate their effect on thermal stability and mechanical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the nanomaterial exhibited the successful intercalation of graphene and PCL into the ZnAl-LDH matrix. The PS nanocomposite exhibited improved thermal stability and mechanical properties, attributed to the synergy between the functionalized LDH and graphene. The addition of a mere 5% of nanofillers improved the limiting oxygen index (LOI) from 18.51 to 19.11 for pure PS and PS-LDH-G-PCL, respectively. Although the enhancement in the LOI was modest, the nanocomposite (PCL-G-LDH) demonstrated excellent char-forming abilities and increased graphitization during combustion, contributing to flame retardancy and less smoke production and dripping. The findings demonstrate the successful intercalation of graphene and PCL into ZnAl-LDH interlayers and their potential applications as flame retardants for PS.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"507 - 522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moon Sik Park, Min Ji Kim, Ju Yeong Jeong, Do Young Han, Soaram Kim, Geon-Tae Hwang, Hocheon Yoo, Eun Kwang Lee
{"title":"A Self-powered Kinetic Motion Sensor Fabricated from Electrospun MOF-5/PVDF-TrFE Composites Piezoelectric Nanogenerators","authors":"Moon Sik Park, Min Ji Kim, Ju Yeong Jeong, Do Young Han, Soaram Kim, Geon-Tae Hwang, Hocheon Yoo, Eun Kwang Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00341-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00341-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Poly(vinylidene fluoride-<i>co</i>-trifluoroethylene) PVDF-TrFE is known for its low dielectric loss, high biocompatibility, safety, and durability. However, its piezoelectric performance alone is insufficient. In this study, we aim to enhance the piezoelectric performance by incorporating electrospinning and metal–organic framework-5 (MOF-5). Under high voltage conditions (15 kV), electrospinning is performed to increase the ratio of the highest dielectric constant <i>β</i> phase. Additionally, MOF-5, a porous material with high surface area and thermal stability, is added to form a metal–organic framework scaffold and create a micro-capacitor structure in the active layer. The power density of the 5 wt% MOF-5/PVDF-TrFE piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) obtained from the experiments exhibits excellent performance with a power density of 0.3 µWcm<sup>–2</sup>, which is 132 times higher than that of pristine PVDF-TrFE PENG. This fabricated PENG possesses advantages such as biocompatibility and flexibility, making it suitable for sensing devices used in a self-powered kinetic motion sensor.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>A self-powered piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) was developed using electrospun PVDF-TrFE/MOF-5 composites to enhance energy harvesting and sensing performance. The incorporation of MOF-5 significantly increased the <i>β</i>-phase content and piezoelectric output, achieving a power density of 0.3 μWcm<sup>−2</sup>, 132 times higher than pristine PVDFTrFE. This biocompatible and flexible PENG demonstrates potential for applications in energy-efficient wearable electronics and self-powered kinetic motion sensors.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"451 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shockwave dissipation strategies harnessing soft composites with ionic liquid inclusion","authors":"Junwoo Park, Jaejun Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00343-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00343-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a novel approach for dissipating shockwave pressure by leveraging ionic liquids (ILs) within a soft composite matrix. Ionic liquids are known for their exceptional ability to dissipate shockwave energy due to their nano-phase-separated microstructures. However, their liquid or pseudo-gel phases hinder their integration into structural materials, such as shockwave-resistant armors. To overcome this limitation, we designed a composite in which ILs are incorporated as discrete droplets within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer network, crosslinked via thiol-ene chemistry. This composite design preserves the material’s structural integrity while enhancing shockwave dissipation through scattering effects. By homogenizing ILs with PDMS precursors, we successfully embedded well-dispersed IL droplets into the matrix. Our findings demonstrate that the incorporation of IL droplets significantly improves both shockwave energy dissipation and the stiffness of the composite, attributed to hydrogen bonding interactions between the ILs and thiol groups in the PDMS matrix. This study highlights the potential of IL-based soft composites as an effective strategy for shockwave mitigation, offering a promising new direction for protective applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Ionic liquids inclusions in silicone-based soft composites enhance shockwave pressure attenuation performance by dissipating and scattering the input shockwaves. These results provide a novel strategy for developing shockwave pressure dissipating materials.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"415 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of sponges using demineralized bone particles derived from poultry for bone regeneration","authors":"Jeong Eun Song, Cheol Ui Song, Seung Ho Choe, Gilson Khang, Sun-Jung Yoon","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00345-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00345-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bone regeneration is essential for treating critically sized bone defects, which are challenging to restore naturally. The traditional methods like autogenous bone grafting have limitations, prompting research into alternative materials such as demineralized bone matrix (DBM). While bovine and porcine DBMs are common, they have stability and safety concerns, leading to the exploration of poultry-derived DBPs. The study aimed to fabricate scaffolds using DBPs from different poultry species and compare their effectiveness in bone regeneration. DBPs were extracted from the femurs and tibias of chickens, ducks, and Yeonsan ogolgye (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson</i>). These DBPs were used to create sponges, which were then characterized for their physical and chemical properties. The bone marrow-derived stem cells (rBMSCs) from rabbits were seeded onto these sponges to evaluate their biocompatibility and bone regeneration potential in vitro. The sponges were porous, facilitating cell infiltration and nutrient exchange, with different compressive strengths and porosity levels based on the poultry source. The sponges supported cell proliferation, with the Yeonsan ogolgye-derived sponge (GDS) showing the highest levels of osteogenic markers, likely due to its melanin content, which enhances bone growth factors. The study found that all sponges were biocompatible, with the GDS being the most effective in promoting bone regeneration. Poultry-derived DBP sponges, especially those from Yeonsan ogolgye, are promising candidates for bone graft materials due to their favorable properties in supporting bone regeneration.</p><h3>Graphic abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"27 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research progress of enzyme-like behavior nanoparticles in tumor treatment","authors":"Yilin Wang, Jiali Zhang, Qiang Liu, Zhengzou Fang","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00338-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00338-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tumor is one of the major diseases threatening human health. Traditional treatment methods (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) can effectively suppress tumors, but they often accompanied with unnecessary side effects. Thanks to the development of nanoparticles that can accumulate at tumor tissues through permeability and retention effects, and release the loading drugs triggered by the unique tumor microenvironment to enhance tumor therapy effect and reduce toxic side effects on normal tissues. In particular, nanoenzyme prepared based on nanoparticles not only exhibit biological activity similar to natural enzymes, but also undergo Fenton-like reactions with the high expression of hydrogen peroxide in tumor tissues to generate hydroxyl radicals and oxygen, inducing apoptosis and necrosis of cells while alleviating the hypoxic state of tumor tissues. Moreover, the utilization of the biological properties of nanoparticles themselves achieves a cascade effect in tumor treatment. Comparing to natural enzyme, nanozyme features in easy fabrication, high stability, high recycling efficiency and the capability of achieving targeted delivery to tumor tissues, and are thus widely employed in tumor combination therapy based on chemodynamic therapy. Therefore, this review summarizes and reviews the cascade effect of nanoenzyme designed based on the specific tumor microenvironment for tumor treatment in recent years and also looks forward to their potential applications in future tumor treatment.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"385 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}