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How to avoid false lock in SPLL frequency synthesizers 如何避免假锁在SPLL频率合成器
Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2003-07-22 DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2001.928177
Z. Szabó, G. Kolumbán
{"title":"How to avoid false lock in SPLL frequency synthesizers","authors":"Z. Szabó, G. Kolumbán","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2001.928177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2001.928177","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to the stable fixed point which should be achieved under steady-state conditions, the Sampling Phase-Locked Loop (SPLL) implemented with a loop fiber has another stable attractor in which an unwanted periodic solution, called false lock, develops in the loop. After the acquisition process, the SPLL either reaches the desired fixed point or gets into false lock, depending on the initial conditions. SPLLs are frequently used in measurement equipment to implement frequency synthesizers and oscillators with high spectral purity and stability. False lock results in a measurement error which has to be avoided. The main goal of this paper is to give a model for the false lock phenomena which explains how the system gets into false lock. The theoretical results have been verified by measurements. Based on the theoretical results, a simple circuit configuration has been developed which reduces the time constant of the loop filter for acquisition and so prevents false lock.","PeriodicalId":68878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation","volume":"3 1","pages":"738-743 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84330911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
A framework for interaction of distributed autonomous systems and human supervisors 分布式自治系统与人类监督者交互的框架
Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2001.929538
H. Spoelder, D. Germans, L. Renambot, H. Bal, P. D. Waal, F. Groen
{"title":"A framework for interaction of distributed autonomous systems and human supervisors","authors":"H. Spoelder, D. Germans, L. Renambot, H. Bal, P. D. Waal, F. Groen","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2001.929538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2001.929538","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous systems are rapidly gaining importance in a large number of situations relevant to the general public. By their nature their need for external control is low but still necessary. In this paper we present a framework for interaction of distributed autonomous systems and human supervisors. This framework exploits progress made in a number of related areas and shows that they can be effectively combined into one single framework. To this end it combines an environment for computational steering with virtual reality techniques for visualization and WAP-based communication for ubiquitous intervention. Given the described setup for the technology the current version must be seen as a prototype that shows the feasibility of this approach.","PeriodicalId":68878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation","volume":"12 1","pages":"1937-1941 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89203036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
On the use of wavelet transform in ultrasonic measurement systems 小波变换在超声测量系统中的应用
Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2001-05-21 DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2001.928886
N. Michalodimitrakis, T. Laopoulos
{"title":"On the use of wavelet transform in ultrasonic measurement systems","authors":"N. Michalodimitrakis, T. Laopoulos","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2001.928886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2001.928886","url":null,"abstract":"This work is aiming to show certain, important aspects of applying the wavelet transform to signal analysis of ultrasonic measurement systems. The effects of applying three different time-frequency representation techniques (namely correlation, short time Fourier transform, and wavelet transform) to narrow bandwidth signals are examined. The analysis presented leads to the conclusion that in such narrow bandwidth systems all three operations may be practically equivalent to correlation. Results illustrating the above considerations are included.","PeriodicalId":68878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation","volume":"50 1","pages":"589-594 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75280729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Instability and dynamics of thermal runaway of thermoresistive microsensors 热阻式微传感器的不稳定性和热失控动力学
Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2001-05-21 DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2001.929450
G. B. Brandão, L. D. de Almeida, A. Deep, A. Lima, H. Neff
{"title":"Instability and dynamics of thermal runaway of thermoresistive microsensors","authors":"G. B. Brandão, L. D. de Almeida, A. Deep, A. Lima, H. Neff","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2001.929450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2001.929450","url":null,"abstract":"Under specific biasing conditions the characteristics of thermoresistive sensors become nonlinear. A significant feature is the appearance of thermal runaway. In this paper, the conditions of appearance and the dynamics of this phenomenon have been evaluated by simulations and by experiments. The origin of thermal instability is electrothermal feedback and results from sensor biasing. Under the condition of negative electrothermal feedback the sensor response is faster, while for destructive positive feedback, response times and sensor temperature increase to large values that exceed the range of practical use.","PeriodicalId":68878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation","volume":"3 1","pages":"1467-1472 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73209501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cylindrical piece measurement through laser telemetry: application to a new forest caliper 激光遥测圆柱片测量:在新型森林卡尺上的应用
Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2001-05-21 DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2001.928816
M. Demeyere, E. Dereine, C. Eugène
{"title":"Cylindrical piece measurement through laser telemetry: application to a new forest caliper","authors":"M. Demeyere, E. Dereine, C. Eugène","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2001.928816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2001.928816","url":null,"abstract":"The feasibility of a new robust radius determination method of cylindrical objects is studied. The principle used is laser telemetry under structured lighting, where the object under test is illuminated by a laser plane, creating a curved line on the object, which is observed by a CCD camera. This paper presents the image processing algorithm applied to the original captured picture, and the \"three-tangents method\" used for the radius calculation. It shows that this method is very reliable taking into account the particular curve characteristics. We apply our method to tree measurements in forests. A pre-prototype caliper was built. Some details are given about the instrument's calibration. Finally, experimental results are presented. A general accuracy of 1% on 5 to 25 cm radius trunks was achieved for distances up to 3.5 m.","PeriodicalId":68878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation","volume":"11 14","pages":"222-227 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/IMTC.2001.928816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72536346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A numerical approach to the evaluation of uncertainty in nonconventional measurements on power systems 电力系统非常规测量不确定度评定的数值方法
Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2001-05-21 DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2001.928909
N. Locci, C. Muscas, L. Peretto, R. Sasdelli
{"title":"A numerical approach to the evaluation of uncertainty in nonconventional measurements on power systems","authors":"N. Locci, C. Muscas, L. Peretto, R. Sasdelli","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2001.928909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2001.928909","url":null,"abstract":"The use of digital signal processing techniques allows measuring any quantity mathematically defined. However, the application of the rules endorsed by the ISO \"Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement\" to evaluate the measurement uncertainty can turn into a difficult task, for instance, when quantities different from those usually measured to characterize the operation of power systems must be determined. In this paper, a numerical approach is proposed to easily tackle this task. Contrary to the closed-form approach, which allows to evaluate the output uncertainty by analytically solving the uncertainty propagation law, as prescribed by the ISO Guide, the method proposed numerically finds the uncertainty by applying a recursive algorithm. First, first the validity of the numerical approach is proved in the case of the spectral analysis of a periodic signal, which is the first step for nonconventional measurement. Then, the approach is used to evaluate the uncertainty in the measurement of the harmonic losses of a power transformer supplying nonsinusoidal load currents. The results confirm that these losses can be accurately determined from the difference between two powers measured as correlated quantities at the transformer output terminals.","PeriodicalId":68878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation","volume":"24 1","pages":"698-703 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78698358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
A measurement method based on an improved version of the chirplet transform for instantaneous frequency estimation 基于改进的小波变换的瞬时频率估计测量方法
Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2001-05-21 DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2001.928254
L. Angrisani, M. D’Arco
{"title":"A measurement method based on an improved version of the chirplet transform for instantaneous frequency estimation","authors":"L. Angrisani, M. D’Arco","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2001.928254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2001.928254","url":null,"abstract":"A measurement method for instantaneous frequency estimation is presented in the paper. The method is based on the use of the chirplet transform, a linear time-frequency representation (TFR) allowing additional modifications of each cell on the time-frequency plane with respect to other TFRs. In particular, a modified version of this transform is here proposed; a bending effect can further be imposed on the cells. Thanks both to this feature and a suitable measurement procedure, properly set up by the authors, the method grants both a satisfactory accuracy in reconstructing the instantaneous frequency trajectory of monocomponent signals and an good resolving capability in the analysis of multicomponent signals whose instantaneous frequency trajectories are strongly nonlinear and very close to one another. Details concerning the theory underlying the chirplet transform and the proposed modified version are first given. Then, the measurement procedure for optimizing the values of the parameters of the transform according to the local features of the analyzed signal is described in detail. Finally, the results of several experimental tests conducted both on monocomponent and multicomponent signals are presented; advantages over other solutions are also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":68878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation","volume":"12 1","pages":"1123-1129 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75079240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
A planar capacitive sensor for angular measurement 一种测量角度的平面电容式传感器
Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2001-05-21 DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2001.928302
S. Cermak, G. Brasseur, P. Fulmek
{"title":"A planar capacitive sensor for angular measurement","authors":"S. Cermak, G. Brasseur, P. Fulmek","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2001.928302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2001.928302","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new approach for the design of capacitive angular position and angular speed sensors. The idea is to combine the transmitter and receiver plates into a single sensor plane. This approach allows us to reduce the number of sensor components to a single sensor PCB-with transmitter, receiver, and sensor electronics-and the rotor. Another advantage is the easy mounting procedure if one end of the rotating axle is accessible. A prototype of this sensor has been developed with a measurement range of 180/spl deg/ with an uncertainty below 0.20.","PeriodicalId":68878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation","volume":"81 1","pages":"1393-1396 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80466651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Design of a CORDIC processor for mixed-signal A/D conversion 用于混合信号a /D转换的CORDIC处理器的设计
Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2001-05-21 DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2001.928176
M. Yeary, R. Fink, H. Sundaresan, D. Guidry
{"title":"Design of a CORDIC processor for mixed-signal A/D conversion","authors":"M. Yeary, R. Fink, H. Sundaresan, D. Guidry","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2001.928176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2001.928176","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new method which offers a high level of synchronization between a source, which is primarily digital, that generates a test signal and the ADC that will sample it. By using using a single clock to control the source, a clock divider may be used to derive a clock that will trigger an ADC at the appropriate times to produce a coherently sampled data set. Thus the timing of the waveform and the ADC will be accurately synchronized; moreover, since test time is a valuable commodity, a predictable number of clock cycles can be issued in order to generate a sampled data set. A computer simulation is given which fully characterizes the theoretical aspects of this paper. In addition, selected laboratory measurements are also given for discussion.","PeriodicalId":68878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation","volume":"45 1","pages":"733-737 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79250920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
High-resolution multi-channel instrument for resonant sensor array 高分辨率多通道共振传感器阵列仪器
Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2001-05-21 DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2001.929483
P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, D. Marioli, A. Taroni
{"title":"High-resolution multi-channel instrument for resonant sensor array","authors":"P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, D. Marioli, A. Taroni","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2001.929483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2001.929483","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the instrumentation for resonant sensor arrays and in general, of the first elaboration electronics is considered. A new multi-channel instrument for frequency measurements has been developed using a numerical approach that improves noise immunity and decreases measuring time with respect to standard counting techniques. A smart least squares method for achieving compression of measurements is also presented. This method is useful for long acquisition campaign involving a great quantity of data. Finally some experimental results are reported to demonstrate the performance of this instrument.","PeriodicalId":68878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation","volume":"11 1","pages":"1648-1653 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81436483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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