世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版)最新文献_第5页

Host-microbiome interaction in Crohn's disease: A familiar or familial issue? 克罗恩病的宿主-微生物相互作用:一个熟悉的还是家族性的问题?

世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版) Pub Date : 2015-11-15 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.159

A. Michielan, R. D'Incà

引用次数: 8

Promising biological therapies for ulcerative colitis: A review of the literature. 溃疡性结肠炎的生物治疗前景:文献综述。

世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版) Pub Date : 2015-11-15 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.219

H. Akiho, A. Yokoyama, Shuichi Abe, Y. Nakazono, Masatoshi Murakami, Yoshihiro Otsuka, Kyoko Fukawa, M. Esaki, Yusuke Niina, Haruei Ogino

{"title":"Promising biological therapies for ulcerative colitis: A review of the literature.","authors":"H. Akiho, A. Yokoyama, Shuichi Abe, Y. Nakazono, Masatoshi Murakami, Yoshihiro Otsuka, Kyoko Fukawa, M. Esaki, Yusuke Niina, Haruei Ogino","doi":"10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.219","url":null,"abstract":"Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic lifelong condition characterized by alternating flare-ups and remission. There is no single known unifying cause, and the pathogenesis is multifactorial, with genetics, environmental factors, microbiota, and the immune system all playing roles. Current treatment modalities for UC include 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants (including purine antimetabolites, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus), and surgery. Therapeutic goals for UC are evolving. Medical treatment aims to induce remission and prevent relapse of disease activity. Infliximab, an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α monoclonal antibody, is the first biological agent for the treatment of UC. Over the last decade, infliximab and adalimumab (anti-TNF-α agents) have been used for moderate to severe UC, and have been shown to be effective in inducing and maintaining remission. Recent studies have indicated that golimumab (another anti-TNF-α agent), tofacitinib (a Janus kinase inhibitor), and vedolizumab and etrolizumab (integrin antagonists), achieved good clinical remission and response rates in UC. Recently, golimumab and vedolizumab have been approved for UC by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Vedolizumab may be used as a first-line alternative to anti-TNF-α therapy in patients with an inadequate response to corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants. Here, we provide updated information on various biological agents in the treatment of UC.","PeriodicalId":68755,"journal":{"name":"世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71058859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 46

Gastrointestinal dysbiosis and the use of fecal microbial transplantation in Clostridium difficile infection. 艰难梭菌感染的胃肠生态失调和粪便微生物移植的应用。

世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版) Pub Date : 2015-11-15 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.169

Patrick Schenck, P. Beck, J. MacDonald, L. P. Schenck

{"title":"Gastrointestinal dysbiosis and the use of fecal microbial transplantation in Clostridium difficile infection.","authors":"Patrick Schenck, P. Beck, J. MacDonald, L. P. Schenck","doi":"10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.169","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of antibiotics on the human gut microbiota is a significant concern. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea has been on the rise for the past few decades with the increasing usage of antibiotics. Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) have become one of the most prominent types of infectious diarrheal disease, with dramatically increased incidence in both the hospital and community setting worldwide. Studies show that variability in the innate host response may in part impact upon CDI severity in patients. That being said, CDI is a disease that shows the most prominent links to alterations to the gut microbiota, in both cause and treatment. With recurrence rates still relatively high, it is important to explore alternative therapies to CDI. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and other types of bacteriotherapy have become exciting avenues of treatment for CDI. Recent clinical trials have generated excitement for the use of FMT as a therapeutic option for CDI; however, the exact components of the human gut microbiota needed for protection against CDI have remained elusive. Additional investigations on the effects of antibiotics on the human gut microbiota and subsequent CDI will help reduce the socioeconomic burden of CDI and potentially lead to new therapeutic modalities.","PeriodicalId":68755,"journal":{"name":"世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71059064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Current understanding of the neuropathophysiology of pain in chronic pancreatitis. 慢性胰腺炎疼痛的神经病理生理学研究进展。

世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版) Pub Date : 2015-11-15 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.193

A. Atsawarungruangkit, S. Pongprasobchai

引用次数: 18

New-found link between microbiota and obesity. 新发现的微生物群和肥胖之间的联系。

世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版) Pub Date : 2015-11-15 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.110

C. Chakraborti

{"title":"New-found link between microbiota and obesity.","authors":"C. Chakraborti","doi":"10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.110","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the grave pathological role of obesity, worldwide research is being continued to find out the causative factors involved in it. Recent advances in this field reveal a possible relationship between the compositional pattern of gut microbiota and genesis of obesity. Several study results have shown that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, microbiota-induced fermentation products) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS, an integral component of Gram negative microorganisms) play the key role in linking the two. Though several SCFAs are produced as microbiota-fermentation products, three of them, i.e., butyrate, propionate and acetate have been found to be definitely involved in obesity; though individually they are neither purely obesogenic nor antiobesogenic. Out of these, butyrate and propionate are predominantly antiobesogenic. Butyrate, though a major energy source for colonocytes, has been found to increase mitochondrial activity, prevent metabolic endotoxemia, improve insulin sensitivity, possess anti-inflammatory potential, increase intestinal barrier function and protect against diet-induced obesity without causing hypophagia. Propionate has been found to inhibit cholesterol synthesis, thereby antagonizing the cholesterol increasing action of acetate, and to inhibit the expression of resistin in adipocytes. Moreover, both these SCFAs have been found to cause weight regulation through their stimulatory effect on anorexigenic gut hormones and to increase the synthesis of leptin. Unlike butyrate and propionate, acetate, which is substantially absorbed, shows more obesogenic potential, as it acts as a substrate for hepatic and adipocyte lipogenesis. High fat diet increases the absorption of LPS, which, in turn, has been found to be associated with metabolic endotoxemia and to induce inflammation resulting in obesity. Multiple independent and interrelated mechanisms have been found to be involved in such linking processes which are discussed in this review work along with some possible remedial measures for prevention of weight gain and obesity.","PeriodicalId":68755,"journal":{"name":"世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71058809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 276

Risk factors for osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease patients. 炎症性肠病患者骨质疏松的危险因素。

世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版) Pub Date : 2015-11-15 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.210

C. Lima, A. Lyra, R. Rocha, G. Santana

{"title":"Risk factors for osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease patients.","authors":"C. Lima, A. Lyra, R. Rocha, G. Santana","doi":"10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.210","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients exhibit higher risk for bone loss than the general population. The chronic inflammation causes a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD), which leads to osteopenia and osteoporosis. This article reviewed each risk factor for osteoporosis in IBD patients. Inflammation is one of the factors that contribute to osteoporosis in IBD patients, and the main system that is involved in bone loss is likely RANK/RANKL/osteoprotegerin. Smoking is a risk factor for bone loss and fractures, and many mechanisms have been proposed to explain this loss. Body composition also interferes in bone metabolism and increasing muscle mass may positively affect BMD. IBD patients frequently use corticosteroids, which stimulates osteoclastogenesis. IBD patients are also associated with vitamin D deficiency, which contributes to bone loss. However, infliximab therapy is associated with improvements in bone metabolism, but it is not clear whether the effects are because of inflammation improvement or infliximab use. Ulcerative colitis patients with proctocolectomy and ileal pouches and Crohn's disease patients with ostomy are also at risk for bone loss, and these patients should be closely monitored.","PeriodicalId":68755,"journal":{"name":"世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71058813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 62

Predictive factors at birth of the severity of gastroschisis. 出生时胃裂严重程度的预测因素。

世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版) Pub Date : 2015-11-15 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.228

A. S. de Buys Roessingh, A. Damphousse, P. Ballabeni, J. Dubois, S. Bouchard

{"title":"Predictive factors at birth of the severity of gastroschisis.","authors":"A. S. de Buys Roessingh, A. Damphousse, P. Ballabeni, J. Dubois, S. Bouchard","doi":"10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.228","url":null,"abstract":"AIM\u0000To establish children born with gastroschisis (GS).\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We performed a retrospective study covering the period from January 2000 to December 2007. The following variables were analyzed for each child: Weight, sex, apgar, perforations, atresia, volvulus, bowel lenght, subjective description of perivisceritis, duration of parenteral nutrition, first nasogastric milk feeding, total milk feeding, necrotizing enterocolitis, average period of hospitalization and mortality. For statistical analysis, descriptive data are reported as mean ± standard deviation and median (range). The non parametric test of Mann-Whitney was used. The threshold for statistical significance was P < 0.05 (Two-Tailed).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Sixty-eight cases of GS were studied. We found nine cases of perforations, eight of volvulus, 12 of atresia and 49 children with subjective description of perivisceritis (72%). The mortality rate was 12% (eight deaths). Average duration of total parenteral nutrition was 56.7 d (8-950; median: 22), with five cases of necrotizing enterocolitis. Average length of hospitalization for 60 of our patients was 54.7 d (2-370; median: 25.5). The presence of intestinal atresia was the only factor correlated with prolonged parenteral nutrition, delayed total oral milk feeding and longer hospitalization.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000In our study, intestinal atresia was our predictive factor of the severity of GS.","PeriodicalId":68755,"journal":{"name":"世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71058880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Structural brain lesions in inflammatory bowel disease. 炎症性肠病的结构性脑损伤。

世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版) Pub Date : 2015-11-15 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.124

C. Dolapçıoğlu, Hatice Dolapcioglu

{"title":"Structural brain lesions in inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"C. Dolapçıoğlu, Hatice Dolapcioglu","doi":"10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.124","url":null,"abstract":"Central nervous system (CNS) complications or manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease deserve particular attention because symptomatic conditions can require early diagnosis and treatment, whereas unexplained manifestations might be linked with pathogenic mechanisms. This review focuses on both symptomatic and asymptomatic brain lesions detectable on imaging studies, as well as their frequency and potential mechanisms. A direct causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asymptomatic structural brain changes has not been demonstrated, but several possible explanations, including vasculitis, thromboembolism and malnutrition, have been proposed. IBD is associated with a tendency for thromboembolisms; therefore, cerebrovascular thromboembolism represents the most frequent and grave CNS complication. Vasculitis, demyelinating conditions and CNS infections are among the other CNS manifestations of the disease. Biological agents also represent a risk factor, particularly for demyelination. Identification of the nature and potential mechanisms of brain lesions detectable on imaging studies would shed further light on the disease process and could improve patient care through early diagnosis and treatment.","PeriodicalId":68755,"journal":{"name":"世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71058897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Elusive liver factor that causes pancreatic α cell hyperplasia: A review of literature. 引起胰腺α细胞增生的难以捉摸的肝因子:文献综述。

世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版) Pub Date : 2015-11-15 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.131

R. Yu, Yun Zheng, M. Lucas, Yun-Guang Tong

引用次数: 6

Eosinophilic esophagitis: From pathophysiology to treatment. 嗜酸性粒细胞食管炎:从病理生理到治疗。

世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版) Pub Date : 2015-11-15 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.150

A. D'alessandro, D. Esposito, M. Pesce, R. Cuomo, G. D. De Palma, G. Sarnelli

{"title":"Eosinophilic esophagitis: From pathophysiology to treatment.","authors":"A. D'alessandro, D. Esposito, M. Pesce, R. Cuomo, G. D. De Palma, G. Sarnelli","doi":"10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.150","url":null,"abstract":"Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune disease, characterized by a dense eosinophilic infiltrate in the esophagus, leading to bolus impaction and reflux-like symptoms. Traditionally considered a pediatric disease, the number of adult patients with EoE is continuously increasing, with a relatively higher incidence in western countries. Dysphagia and food impaction represent the main symptoms complained by patients, but gastroesophageal reflux-like symptoms may also be present. Esophageal biopsies are mandatory for the diagnosis of EoE, though clinical manifestations and proton pump inhibitors responsiveness must be taken into consideration. The higher prevalence of EoE in patients suffering from atopic diseases suggests a common background with allergy, however both the etiology and pathophysiology are not completely understood. Elimination diets are considered the first-line therapy in children, but this approach appears less effective in adults patients, who often require steroids; despite medical treatments, EoE is complicated in some cases by esophageal stricture and stenosis, that require additional endoscopic treatments. This review summarizes the evidence on EoE pathophysiology and illustrates the safety and efficacy of the most recent medical and endoscopic treatments.","PeriodicalId":68755,"journal":{"name":"世界胃肠病理生理学杂志(电子版)(英文版)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71059120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38