Living Reviews in Relativity最新文献_第6页

IF 40.6 2区物理与天体物理

Living Reviews in Relativity Pub Date : 2018-03-16 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-018-0011-x

Clare Burrage, Jeremy Sakstein

{"title":"Tests of chameleon gravity","authors":"Clare Burrage, Jeremy Sakstein","doi":"10.1007/s41114-018-0011-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-018-0011-x","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of modified gravity, where light scalars with non-trivial self-interactions and non-minimal couplings to matter—chameleon and symmetron theories—dynamically suppress deviations from general relativity in the solar system. On other scales, the environmental nature of the screening means that such scalars may be relevant. The highly-nonlinear nature of screening mechanisms means that they evade classical fifth-force searches, and there has been an intense effort towards designing new and novel tests to probe them, both in the laboratory and using astrophysical objects, and by reinterpreting existing datasets. The results of these searches are often presented using different parametrizations, which can make it difficult to compare constraints coming from different probes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present state-of-the-art searches for screened scalars coupled to matter, and to translate the current bounds into a single parametrization to survey the state of the models. Presently, commonly studied chameleon models are well-constrained but less commonly studied models have large regions of parameter space that are still viable. Symmetron models are constrained well by astrophysical and laboratory tests, but there is a desert separating the two scales where the model is unconstrained. The coupling of chameleons to photons is tightly constrained but the symmetron coupling has yet to be explored. We also summarize the current bounds on f(R) models that exhibit the chameleon mechanism (Hu and Sawicki models). The simplest of these are well constrained by astrophysical probes, but there are currently few reported bounds for theories with higher powers of R. The review ends by discussing the future prospects for constraining screened modified gravity models further using upcoming and planned experiments.","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2018-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-018-0011-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4652018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 231

Rotating stars in relativity 相对论中的旋转恒星

IF 40.6 2区物理与天体物理

Living Reviews in Relativity Pub Date : 2017-11-29 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-017-0008-x

Vasileios Paschalidis, Nikolaos Stergioulas

引用次数: 182

Black holes, hidden symmetries, and complete integrability 黑洞，隐藏的对称性，和完全可积性

IF 40.6 2区物理与天体物理

Living Reviews in Relativity Pub Date : 2017-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-017-0009-9

Valeri P. Frolov, Pavel Krtouš, David Kubizňák

{"title":"Black holes, hidden symmetries, and complete integrability","authors":"Valeri P. Frolov, Pavel Krtouš, David Kubizňák","doi":"10.1007/s41114-017-0009-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-017-0009-9","url":null,"abstract":"The study of higher-dimensional black holes is a subject which has recently attracted vast interest. Perhaps one of the most surprising discoveries is a realization that the properties of higher-dimensional black holes with the spherical horizon topology and described by the Kerr–NUT–(A)dS metrics are very similar to the properties of the well known four-dimensional Kerr metric. This remarkable result stems from the existence of a single object called the principal tensor. In our review we discuss explicit and hidden symmetries of higher-dimensional Kerr–NUT–(A)dS black hole spacetimes. We start with discussion of the Killing and Killing–Yano objects representing explicit and hidden symmetries. We demonstrate that the principal tensor can be used as a “seed object” which generates all these symmetries. It determines the form of the geometry, as well as guarantees its remarkable properties, such as special algebraic type of the spacetime, complete integrability of geodesic motion, and separability of the Hamilton–Jacobi, Klein–Gordon, and Dirac equations. The review also contains a discussion of different applications of the developed formalism and its possible generalizations.","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-017-0009-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4874265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Dynamical boson stars 动态玻色子星

IF 40.6 2区物理与天体物理

Living Reviews in Relativity Pub Date : 2017-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-017-0007-y

Steven L. Liebling, Carlos Palenzuela

引用次数: 43

Publisher Correction: Interferometer techniques for gravitational-wave detection 出版者更正:引力波探测的干涉仪技术

IF 40.6 2区物理与天体物理

Living Reviews in Relativity Pub Date : 2017-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-017-0005-0

Charlotte Bond, Daniel Brown, Andreas Freise, Kenneth A. Strain

引用次数: 3

Kilonovae Kilonovae

IF 40.6 2区物理与天体物理

Living Reviews in Relativity Pub Date : 2017-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-017-0006-z

Brian D. Metzger

{"title":"Kilonovae","authors":"Brian D. Metzger","doi":"10.1007/s41114-017-0006-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-017-0006-z","url":null,"abstract":"The mergers of double neutron star (NS–NS) and black hole (BH)–NS binaries are promising gravitational wave (GW) sources for Advanced LIGO and future GW detectors. The neutron-rich ejecta from such merger events undergoes rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis, enriching our Galaxy with rare heavy elements like gold and platinum. The radioactive decay of these unstable nuclei also powers a rapidly evolving, supernova-like transient known as a “kilonova” (also known as “macronova”). Kilonovae are an approximately isotropic electromagnetic counterpart to the GW signal, which also provides a unique and direct probe of an important, if not dominant, r-process site. I review the history and physics of kilonovae, leading to the current paradigm of week-long emission with a spectral peak at near-infrared wavelengths. Using a simple light curve model to illustrate the basic physics, I introduce potentially important variations on this canonical picture, including: (sim )day-long optical (“blue”) emission from lanthanide-free components of the ejecta; (sim )hour-long precursor UV/blue emission, powered by the decay of free neutrons in the outermost ejecta layers; and enhanced emission due to energy input from a long-lived central engine, such as an accreting BH or millisecond magnetar. I assess the prospects of kilonova detection following future GW detections of NS–NS/BH–NS mergers in light of the recent follow-up campaign of the LIGO binary BH–BH mergers.","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-017-0006-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4657916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 247

Detection methods for stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds: a unified treatment 随机引力波背景的探测方法:统一处理

IF 40.6 2区物理与天体物理

Living Reviews in Relativity Pub Date : 2017-04-04 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-017-0004-1

Joseph D. Romano, Neil. J. Cornish

{"title":"Detection methods for stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds: a unified treatment","authors":"Joseph D. Romano, Neil. J. Cornish","doi":"10.1007/s41114-017-0004-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-017-0004-1","url":null,"abstract":"We review detection methods that are currently in use or have been proposed to search for a stochastic background of gravitational radiation. We consider both Bayesian and frequentist searches using ground-based and space-based laser interferometers, spacecraft Doppler tracking, and pulsar timing arrays; and we allow for anisotropy, non-Gaussianity, and non-standard polarization states. Our focus is on relevant data analysis issues, and not on the particular astrophysical or early Universe sources that might give rise to such backgrounds. We provide a unified treatment of these searches at the level of detector response functions, detection sensitivity curves, and, more generally, at the level of the likelihood function, since the choice of signal and noise models and prior probability distributions are actually what define the search. Pedagogical examples are given whenever possible to compare and contrast different approaches. We have tried to make the article as self-contained and comprehensive as possible, targeting graduate students and new researchers looking to enter this field.","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2017-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-017-0004-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4146271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 304

The Kerr/CFT correspondence and its extensions Kerr/CFT对应及其扩展

IF 40.6 2区物理与天体物理

Living Reviews in Relativity Pub Date : 2017-02-27 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-017-0003-2

Geoffrey Compère

{"title":"The Kerr/CFT correspondence and its extensions","authors":"Geoffrey Compère","doi":"10.1007/s41114-017-0003-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-017-0003-2","url":null,"abstract":"We present a first-principles derivation of the main results of the Kerr/CFT correspondence and its extensions using only tools from gravity and quantum field theory. Firstly, we review properties of extremal black holes with in particular the construction of an asymptotic Virasoro symmetry in the near-horizon limit. The entropy of extremal spinning or charged black holes is shown to match with a chiral half of Cardy’s formula. Secondly, we show how a thermal 2-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) is relevant to reproduce the dynamics of near-superradiant probes around near-extremal black holes in the semi-classical limit. Thirdly, we review the hidden conformal symmetries of asymptotically-flat black holes away from extremality and present how the non-extremal entropy can be matched with Cardy’s formula. We follow an effective field theory approach and consider the Kerr–Newman black hole and its generalizations in various supergravity theories. The interpretation of these results by deformed dual conformal field theories is discussed and contrasted with properties of standard 2-dimensional CFTs. We conclude with a list of open problems.","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2017-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-017-0003-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5036326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

Interferometer techniques for gravitational-wave detection 引力波探测干涉仪技术

IF 40.6 2区物理与天体物理

Living Reviews in Relativity Pub Date : 2017-02-17 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-016-0002-8

Charlotte Bond, Daniel Brown, Andreas Freise, Kenneth A. Strain

引用次数: 100

Extraction of gravitational waves in numerical relativity 数值相对论中引力波的提取

IF 40.6 2区物理与天体物理

Living Reviews in Relativity Pub Date : 2016-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-016-0001-9

Nigel T. Bishop, Luciano Rezzolla

引用次数: 3