Living Reviews in Relativity最新文献

{"title":"Computer algebra in gravity research","authors":"Malcolm A. H. MacCallum","doi":"10.1007/s41114-018-0015-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-018-0015-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The complicated nature of calculations in general relativity was one of the driving forces in the early development of computer algebra (CA). CA has become widely used in gravity research (GR) and its use can be expected to grow further. Here the general nature of computer algebra is discussed, along with some aspects of CA system design; features particular to GR’s requirements are considered; information on packages for CA in GR is provided, both for those packages currently available and for their predecessors; and applications of CA in GR are outlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-018-0015-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5077976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometrical inequalities bounding angular momentum and charges in General Relativity","authors":"Sergio Dain,&nbsp;María Eugenia Gabach-Clement","doi":"10.1007/s41114-018-0014-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-018-0014-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geometrical inequalities show how certain parameters of a physical system set restrictions on other parameters. For instance, a black hole of given mass can not rotate too fast, or an ordinary object of given size can not have too much electric charge. In this article, we are interested in bounds on the angular momentum and electromagnetic charges, in terms of total mass and size. We are mainly concerned with inequalities for black holes and ordinary objects. The former are the most studied systems in this context in General Relativity, and where most results have been found. Ordinary objects, on the other hand, present numerous challenges and many basic questions concerning geometrical estimates for them are still unanswered. We present the many results in these areas. We make emphasis in identifying the mathematical conditions that lead to such estimates, both for black holes and ordinary objects.</p>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-018-0014-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4214131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relativistic dynamics and extreme mass ratio inspirals","authors":"Pau Amaro-Seoane","doi":"10.1007/s41114-018-0013-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-018-0013-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is now well-established that a dark, compact object, very likely a massive black hole (MBH) of around four million solar masses is lurking at the centre of the Milky Way. While a consensus is emerging about the origin and growth of supermassive black holes (with masses larger than a billion solar masses), MBHs with smaller masses, such as the one in our galactic centre, remain understudied and enigmatic. The key to understanding these holes—how some of them grow by orders of magnitude in mass—lies in understanding the dynamics of the stars in the galactic neighbourhood. Stars interact with the central MBH primarily through their gradual inspiral due to the emission of gravitational radiation. Also stars produce gases which will subsequently be accreted by the MBH through collisions and disruptions brought about by the strong central tidal field. Such processes can contribute significantly to the mass of the MBH and progress in understanding them requires theoretical work in preparation for future gravitational radiation millihertz missions and X-ray observatories. In particular, a unique probe of these regions is the gravitational radiation that is emitted by some compact stars very close to the black holes and which could be surveyed by a millihertz gravitational-wave interferometer scrutinizing the range of masses fundamental to understanding the origin and growth of supermassive black holes. By extracting the information carried by the gravitational radiation, we can determine the mass and spin of the central MBH with unprecedented precision and we can determine how the holes “eat” stars that happen to be near them.</p>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2018-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-018-0013-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4620127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA","authors":"B. P. Abbott,&nbsp;R. Abbott,&nbsp;T. D. Abbott,&nbsp;M. R. Abernathy,&nbsp;F. Acernese,&nbsp;K. Ackley,&nbsp;C. Adams,&nbsp;T. Adams,&nbsp;P. Addesso,&nbsp;R. X. Adhikari,&nbsp;V. B. Adya,&nbsp;C. Affeldt,&nbsp;M. Agathos,&nbsp;K. Agatsuma,&nbsp;N. Aggarwal,&nbsp;O. D. Aguiar,&nbsp;L. Aiello,&nbsp;A. Ain,&nbsp;P. Ajith,&nbsp;T. Akutsu,&nbsp;B. Allen,&nbsp;A. Allocca,&nbsp;P. A. Altin,&nbsp;A. Ananyeva,&nbsp;S. B. Anderson,&nbsp;W. G. Anderson,&nbsp;M. Ando,&nbsp;S. Appert,&nbsp;K. Arai,&nbsp;A. Araya,&nbsp;M. C. Araya,&nbsp;J. S. Areeda,&nbsp;N. Arnaud,&nbsp;K. G. Arun,&nbsp;H. Asada,&nbsp;S. Ascenzi,&nbsp;G. Ashton,&nbsp;Y. Aso,&nbsp;M. Ast,&nbsp;S. M. Aston,&nbsp;P. Astone,&nbsp;S. Atsuta,&nbsp;P. Aufmuth,&nbsp;C. Aulbert,&nbsp;A. Avila-Alvarez,&nbsp;K. Awai,&nbsp;S. Babak,&nbsp;P. Bacon,&nbsp;M. K. M. Bader,&nbsp;L. Baiotti,&nbsp;P. T. Baker,&nbsp;F. Baldaccini,&nbsp;G. Ballardin,&nbsp;S. W. Ballmer,&nbsp;J. C. Barayoga,&nbsp;S. E. Barclay,&nbsp;B. C. Barish,&nbsp;D. Barker,&nbsp;F. Barone,&nbsp;B. Barr,&nbsp;L. Barsotti,&nbsp;M. Barsuglia,&nbsp;D. Barta,&nbsp;J. Bartlett,&nbsp;M. A. Barton,&nbsp;I. Bartos,&nbsp;R. Bassiri,&nbsp;A. Basti,&nbsp;J. C. Batch,&nbsp;C. Baune,&nbsp;V. Bavigadda,&nbsp;M. Bazzan,&nbsp;B. Bécsy,&nbsp;C. Beer,&nbsp;M. Bejger,&nbsp;I. Belahcene,&nbsp;M. Belgin,&nbsp;A. S. Bell,&nbsp;B. K. Berger,&nbsp;G. Bergmann,&nbsp;C. P. L. Berry,&nbsp;D. Bersanetti,&nbsp;A. Bertolini,&nbsp;J. Betzwieser,&nbsp;S. Bhagwat,&nbsp;R. Bhandare,&nbsp;I. A. Bilenko,&nbsp;G. Billingsley,&nbsp;C. R. Billman,&nbsp;J. Birch,&nbsp;R. Birney,&nbsp;O. Birnholtz,&nbsp;S. Biscans,&nbsp;A. Bisht,&nbsp;M. Bitossi,&nbsp;C. Biwer,&nbsp;M. A. Bizouard,&nbsp;J. K. Blackburn,&nbsp;J. Blackman,&nbsp;C. D. Blair,&nbsp;D. G. Blair,&nbsp;R. M. Blair,&nbsp;S. Bloemen,&nbsp;O. Bock,&nbsp;M. Boer,&nbsp;G. Bogaert,&nbsp;A. Bohe,&nbsp;F. Bondu,&nbsp;R. Bonnand,&nbsp;B. A. Boom,&nbsp;R. Bork,&nbsp;V. Boschi,&nbsp;S. Bose,&nbsp;Y. Bouffanais,&nbsp;A. Bozzi,&nbsp;C. Bradaschia,&nbsp;P. R. Brady,&nbsp;V. B. Braginsky,&nbsp;M. Branchesi,&nbsp;J. E. Brau,&nbsp;T. Briant,&nbsp;A. Brillet,&nbsp;M. Brinkmann,&nbsp;V. Brisson,&nbsp;P. Brockill,&nbsp;J. E. Broida,&nbsp;A. F. Brooks,&nbsp;D. A. Brown,&nbsp;D. D. Brown,&nbsp;N. M. Brown,&nbsp;S. Brunett,&nbsp;C. C. Buchanan,&nbsp;A. Buikema,&nbsp;T. Bulik,&nbsp;H. J. Bulten,&nbsp;A. Buonanno,&nbsp;D. Buskulic,&nbsp;C. Buy,&nbsp;R. L. Byer,&nbsp;M. Cabero,&nbsp;L. Cadonati,&nbsp;G. Cagnoli,&nbsp;C. Cahillane,&nbsp;J. Calderón Bustillo,&nbsp;T. A. Callister,&nbsp;E. Calloni,&nbsp;J. B. Camp,&nbsp;K. C. Cannon,&nbsp;H. Cao,&nbsp;J. Cao,&nbsp;C. D. Capano,&nbsp;E. Capocasa,&nbsp;F. Carbognani,&nbsp;S. Caride,&nbsp;J. Casanueva Diaz,&nbsp;C. Casentini,&nbsp;S. Caudill,&nbsp;M. Cavaglià,&nbsp;F. Cavalier,&nbsp;R. Cavalieri,&nbsp;G. Cella,&nbsp;C. B. Cepeda,&nbsp;L. Cerboni Baiardi,&nbsp;G. Cerretani,&nbsp;E. Cesarini,&nbsp;S. J. Chamberlin,&nbsp;M. Chan,&nbsp;S. Chao,&nbsp;P. Charlton,&nbsp;E. Chassande-Mottin,&nbsp;B. D. Cheeseboro,&nbsp;H. Y. Chen,&nbsp;Y. Chen,&nbsp;H.-P. Cheng,&nbsp;A. Chincarini,&nbsp;A. Chiummo,&nbsp;T. Chmiel,&nbsp;H. S. Cho,&nbsp;M. Cho,&nbsp;J. H. Chow,&nbsp;N. Christensen,&nbsp;Q. Chu,&nbsp;A. J. K. Chua,&nbsp;S. Chua,&nbsp;S. Chung,&nbsp;G. Ciani,&nbsp;F. Clara,&nbsp;J. A. Clark,&nbsp;F. Cleva,&nbsp;C. Cocchieri,&nbsp;E. Coccia,&nbsp;P.-F. Cohadon,&nbsp;A. Colla,&nbsp;C. G. Collette,&nbsp;L. Cominsky,&nbsp;M. Constancio Jr.,&nbsp;L. Conti,&nbsp;S. J. Cooper,&nbsp;T. R. Corbitt,&nbsp;N. Cornish,&nbsp;A. Corsi,&nbsp;S. Cortese,&nbsp;C. A. Costa,&nbsp;M. W. Coughlin,&nbsp;S. B. Coughlin,&nbsp;J.-P. Coulon,&nbsp;S. T. Countryman,&nbsp;P. Couvares,&nbsp;P. B. Covas,&nbsp;E. E. Cowan,&nbsp;D. M. Coward,&nbsp;M. J. Cowart,&nbsp;D. C. Coyne,&nbsp;R. Coyne,&nbsp;J. D. E. Creighton,&nbsp;T. D. Creighton,&nbsp;J. Cripe,&nbsp;S. G. Crowder,&nbsp;T. J. Cullen,&nbsp;A. Cumming,&nbsp;L. Cunningham,&nbsp;E. Cuoco,&nbsp;T. Dal Canton,&nbsp;S. L. Danilishin,&nbsp;S. D’Antonio,&nbsp;K. Danzmann,&nbsp;A. Dasgupta,&nbsp;C. F. Da Silva Costa,&nbsp;V. Dattilo,&nbsp;I. Dave,&nbsp;M. Davier,&nbsp;G. S. Davies,&nbsp;D. Davis,&nbsp;E. J. Daw,&nbsp;B. Day,&nbsp;R. Day,&nbsp;S. De,&nbsp;D. DeBra,&nbsp;G. Debreczeni,&nbsp;J. Degallaix,&nbsp;M. De Laurentis,&nbsp;S. Deléglise,&nbsp;W. Del Pozzo,&nbsp;T. Denker,&nbsp;T. Dent,&nbsp;V. Dergachev,&nbsp;R. De Rosa,&nbsp;R. T. DeRosa,&nbsp;R. DeSalvo,&nbsp;R. C. Devine,&nbsp;S. Dhurandhar,&nbsp;M. C. Díaz,&nbsp;L. Di Fiore,&nbsp;M. Di Giovanni,&nbsp;T. Di Girolamo,&nbsp;A. Di Lieto,&nbsp;S. Di Pace,&nbsp;I. Di Palma,&nbsp;A. Di Virgilio,&nbsp;Z. Doctor,&nbsp;K. Doi,&nbsp;V. Dolique,&nbsp;F. Donovan,&nbsp;K. L. Dooley,&nbsp;S. Doravari,&nbsp;I. Dorrington,&nbsp;R. Douglas,&nbsp;M. Dovale Álvarez,&nbsp;T. P. Downes,&nbsp;M. Drago,&nbsp;R. W. P. Drever,&nbsp;J. C. Driggers,&nbsp;Z. Du,&nbsp;M. Ducrot,&nbsp;S. E. Dwyer,&nbsp;K. Eda,&nbsp;T. B. Edo,&nbsp;M. C. Edwards,&nbsp;A. Effler,&nbsp;H.-B. Eggenstein,&nbsp;P. Ehrens,&nbsp;J. Eichholz,&nbsp;S. S. Eikenberry,&nbsp;R. A. Eisenstein,&nbsp;R. C. Essick,&nbsp;Z. Etienne,&nbsp;T. Etzel,&nbsp;M. Evans,&nbsp;T. M. Evans,&nbsp;R. Everett,&nbsp;M. Factourovich,&nbsp;V. Fafone,&nbsp;H. Fair,&nbsp;S. Fairhurst,&nbsp;X. Fan,&nbsp;S. Farinon,&nbsp;B. Farr,&nbsp;W. M. Farr,&nbsp;E. J. Fauchon-Jones,&nbsp;M. Favata,&nbsp;M. Fays,&nbsp;H. Fehrmann,&nbsp;M. M. Fejer,&nbsp;A. Fernández Galiana,&nbsp;I. Ferrante,&nbsp;E. C. Ferreira,&nbsp;F. Ferrini,&nbsp;F. Fidecaro,&nbsp;I. Fiori,&nbsp;D. Fiorucci,&nbsp;R. P. Fisher,&nbsp;R. Flaminio,&nbsp;M. Fletcher,&nbsp;H. Fong,&nbsp;S. S. Forsyth,&nbsp;J.-D. Fournier,&nbsp;S. Frasca,&nbsp;F. Frasconi,&nbsp;Z. Frei,&nbsp;A. Freise,&nbsp;R. Frey,&nbsp;V. Frey,&nbsp;E. M. Fries,&nbsp;P. Fritschel,&nbsp;V. V. Frolov,&nbsp;Y. Fujii,&nbsp;M.-K. Fujimoto,&nbsp;P. Fulda,&nbsp;M. Fyffe,&nbsp;H. Gabbard,&nbsp;B. U. Gadre,&nbsp;S. M. Gaebel,&nbsp;J. R. Gair,&nbsp;L. Gammaitoni,&nbsp;S. G. Gaonkar,&nbsp;F. Garufi,&nbsp;G. Gaur,&nbsp;V. Gayathri,&nbsp;N. Gehrels,&nbsp;G. Gemme,&nbsp;E. Genin,&nbsp;A. Gennai,&nbsp;J. George,&nbsp;L. Gergely,&nbsp;V. Germain,&nbsp;S. Ghonge,&nbsp;Abhirup Ghosh,&nbsp;Archisman Ghosh,&nbsp;S. Ghosh,&nbsp;J. A. Giaime,&nbsp;K. D. Giardina,&nbsp;A. Giazotto,&nbsp;K. Gill,&nbsp;A. Glaefke,&nbsp;E. Goetz,&nbsp;R. Goetz,&nbsp;L. Gondan,&nbsp;G. González,&nbsp;J. M. Gonzalez Castro,&nbsp;A. Gopakumar,&nbsp;M. L. Gorodetsky,&nbsp;S. E. Gossan,&nbsp;M. Gosselin,&nbsp;R. Gouaty,&nbsp;A. Grado,&nbsp;C. Graef,&nbsp;M. Granata,&nbsp;A. Grant,&nbsp;S. Gras,&nbsp;C. Gray,&nbsp;G. Greco,&nbsp;A. C. Green,&nbsp;P. Groot,&nbsp;H. Grote,&nbsp;S. Grunewald,&nbsp;G. M. Guidi,&nbsp;X. Guo,&nbsp;A. Gupta,&nbsp;M. K. Gupta,&nbsp;K. E. Gushwa,&nbsp;E. K. Gustafson,&nbsp;R. Gustafson,&nbsp;J. J. Hacker,&nbsp;A. Hagiwara,&nbsp;B. R. Hall,&nbsp;E. D. Hall,&nbsp;G. Hammond,&nbsp;M. Haney,&nbsp;M. M. Hanke,&nbsp;J. Hanks,&nbsp;C. Hanna,&nbsp;M. D. Hannam,&nbsp;J. Hanson,&nbsp;T. Hardwick,&nbsp;J. Harms,&nbsp;G. M. Harry,&nbsp;I. W. Harry,&nbsp;M. J. Hart,&nbsp;M. T. Hartman,&nbsp;C.-J. Haster,&nbsp;K. Haughian,&nbsp;K. Hayama,&nbsp;J. Healy,&nbsp;A. Heidmann,&nbsp;M. C. Heintze,&nbsp;H. Heitmann,&nbsp;P. Hello,&nbsp;G. Hemming,&nbsp;M. Hendry,&nbsp;I. S. Heng,&nbsp;J. Hennig,&nbsp;J. Henry,&nbsp;A. W. Heptonstall,&nbsp;M. Heurs,&nbsp;S. Hild,&nbsp;E. Hirose,&nbsp;D. Hoak,&nbsp;D. Hofman,&nbsp;K. Holt,&nbsp;D. E. Holz,&nbsp;P. Hopkins,&nbsp;J. Hough,&nbsp;E. A. Houston,&nbsp;E. J. Howell,&nbsp;Y. M. Hu,&nbsp;E. A. Huerta,&nbsp;D. Huet,&nbsp;B. Hughey,&nbsp;S. Husa,&nbsp;S. H. Huttner,&nbsp;T. Huynh-Dinh,&nbsp;N. Indik,&nbsp;D. R. Ingram,&nbsp;R. Inta,&nbsp;K. Ioka,&nbsp;H. N. Isa,&nbsp;J.-M. Isac,&nbsp;M. Isi,&nbsp;T. Isogai,&nbsp;Y. Itoh,&nbsp;B. R. Iyer,&nbsp;K. Izumi,&nbsp;T. Jacqmin,&nbsp;K. Jani,&nbsp;P. Jaranowski,&nbsp;S. Jawahar,&nbsp;F. Jiménez-Forteza,&nbsp;W. W. Johnson,&nbsp;D. I. Jones,&nbsp;R. Jones,&nbsp;R. J. G. Jonker,&nbsp;L. Ju,&nbsp;J. Junker,&nbsp;T. Kagawa,&nbsp;T. Kajita,&nbsp;M. Kakizaki,&nbsp;C. V. Kalaghatgi,&nbsp;V. Kalogera,&nbsp;M. Kamiizumi,&nbsp;N. Kanda,&nbsp;S. Kandhasamy,&nbsp;S. Kanemura,&nbsp;M. Kaneyama,&nbsp;G. Kang,&nbsp;J. B. Kanner,&nbsp;S. Karki,&nbsp;K. S. Karvinen,&nbsp;M. Kasprzack,&nbsp;Y. Kataoka,&nbsp;E. Katsavounidis,&nbsp;W. Katzman,&nbsp;S. Kaufer,&nbsp;T. Kaur,&nbsp;K. Kawabe,&nbsp;N. Kawai,&nbsp;S. Kawamura,&nbsp;F. Kéfélian,&nbsp;D. Keitel,&nbsp;D. B. Kelley,&nbsp;R. Kennedy,&nbsp;J. S. Key,&nbsp;F. Y. Khalili,&nbsp;I. Khan,&nbsp;S. Khan,&nbsp;Z. Khan,&nbsp;E. A. Khazanov,&nbsp;N. Kijbunchoo,&nbsp;C. Kim,&nbsp;H. Kim,&nbsp;J. C. Kim,&nbsp;J. Kim,&nbsp;W. Kim,&nbsp;Y.-M. Kim,&nbsp;S. J. Kimbrell,&nbsp;N. Kimura,&nbsp;E. J. King,&nbsp;P. J. King,&nbsp;R. Kirchhoff,&nbsp;J. S. Kissel,&nbsp;B. Klein,&nbsp;L. Kleybolte,&nbsp;S. Klimenko,&nbsp;P. Koch,&nbsp;S. M. Koehlenbeck,&nbsp;Y. Kojima,&nbsp;K. Kokeyama,&nbsp;S. Koley,&nbsp;K. Komori,&nbsp;V. Kondrashov,&nbsp;A. Kontos,&nbsp;M. Korobko,&nbsp;W. Z. Korth,&nbsp;K. Kotake,&nbsp;I. Kowalska,&nbsp;D. B. Kozak,&nbsp;C. Krämer,&nbsp;V. Kringel,&nbsp;B. Krishnan,&nbsp;A. Królak,&nbsp;G. Kuehn,&nbsp;P. Kumar,&nbsp;Rahul Kumar,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar,&nbsp;L. Kuo,&nbsp;K. Kuroda,&nbsp;A. Kutynia,&nbsp;Y. Kuwahara,&nbsp;B. D. Lackey,&nbsp;M. Landry,&nbsp;R. N. Lang,&nbsp;J. Lange,&nbsp;B. Lantz,&nbsp;R. K. Lanza,&nbsp;A. Lartaux-Vollard,&nbsp;P. D. Lasky,&nbsp;M. Laxen,&nbsp;A. Lazzarini,&nbsp;C. Lazzaro,&nbsp;P. Leaci,&nbsp;S. Leavey,&nbsp;E. O. Lebigot,&nbsp;C. H. Lee,&nbsp;H. K. Lee,&nbsp;H. M. Lee,&nbsp;H. W. Lee,&nbsp;K. Lee,&nbsp;J. Lehmann,&nbsp;A. Lenon,&nbsp;M. Leonardi,&nbsp;J. R. Leong,&nbsp;N. Leroy,&nbsp;N. Letendre,&nbsp;Y. Levin,&nbsp;T. G. F. Li,&nbsp;A. Libson,&nbsp;T. B. Littenberg,&nbsp;J. Liu,&nbsp;N. A. Lockerbie,&nbsp;A. L. Lombardi,&nbsp;L. T. London,&nbsp;J. E. Lord,&nbsp;M. Lorenzini,&nbsp;V. Loriette,&nbsp;M. Lormand,&nbsp;G. Losurdo,&nbsp;J. D. Lough,&nbsp;C. O. Lousto,&nbsp;G. Lovelace,&nbsp;H. Lück,&nbsp;A. P. Lundgren,&nbsp;R. Lynch,&nbsp;Y. Ma,&nbsp;S. Macfoy,&nbsp;B. Machenschalk,&nbsp;M. MacInnis,&nbsp;D. M. Macleod,&nbsp;F. Magaña-Sandoval,&nbsp;E. Majorana,&nbsp;I. Maksimovic,&nbsp;V. Malvezzi,&nbsp;N. Man,&nbsp;V. Mandic,&nbsp;V. Mangano,&nbsp;S. Mano,&nbsp;G. L. Mansell,&nbsp;M. Manske,&nbsp;M. Mantovani,&nbsp;F. Marchesoni,&nbsp;M. Marchio,&nbsp;F. Marion,&nbsp;S. Márka,&nbsp;Z. Márka,&nbsp;A. S. Markosyan,&nbsp;E. Maros,&nbsp;F. Martelli,&nbsp;L. Martellini,&nbsp;I. W. Martin,&nbsp;D. V. Martynov,&nbsp;K. Mason,&nbsp;A. Masserot,&nbsp;T. J. Massinger,&nbsp;M. Masso-Reid,&nbsp;S. Mastrogiovanni,&nbsp;F. Matichard,&nbsp;L. Matone,&nbsp;N. Matsumoto,&nbsp;F. Matsushima,&nbsp;N. Mavalvala,&nbsp;N. Mazumder,&nbsp;R. McCarthy,&nbsp;D. E. McClelland,&nbsp;S. McCormick,&nbsp;C. McGrath,&nbsp;S. C. McGuire,&nbsp;G. McIntyre,&nbsp;J. McIver,&nbsp;D. J. McManus,&nbsp;T. McRae,&nbsp;S. T. McWilliams,&nbsp;D. Meacher,&nbsp;G. D. Meadors,&nbsp;J. Meidam,&nbsp;A. Melatos,&nbsp;G. Mendell,&nbsp;D. Mendoza-Gandara,&nbsp;R. A. Mercer,&nbsp;E. L. Merilh,&nbsp;M. Merzougui,&nbsp;S. Meshkov,&nbsp;C. Messenger,&nbsp;C. Messick,&nbsp;R. Metzdorff,&nbsp;P. M. Meyers,&nbsp;F. Mezzani,&nbsp;H. Miao,&nbsp;C. Michel,&nbsp;Y. Michimura,&nbsp;H. Middleton,&nbsp;E. E. Mikhailov,&nbsp;L. Milano,&nbsp;A. L. Miller,&nbsp;A. Miller,&nbsp;B. B. Miller,&nbsp;J. Miller,&nbsp;M. Millhouse,&nbsp;Y. Minenkov,&nbsp;J. Ming,&nbsp;S. Mirshekari,&nbsp;C. Mishra,&nbsp;V. P. Mitrofanov,&nbsp;G. Mitselmakher,&nbsp;R. Mittleman,&nbsp;O. Miyakawa,&nbsp;A. Miyamoto,&nbsp;T. Miyamoto,&nbsp;S. Miyoki,&nbsp;A. Moggi,&nbsp;M. Mohan,&nbsp;S. R. P. Mohapatra,&nbsp;M. Montani,&nbsp;B. C. Moore,&nbsp;C. J. Moore,&nbsp;D. Moraru,&nbsp;G. Moreno,&nbsp;W. Morii,&nbsp;S. Morisaki,&nbsp;Y. Moriwaki,&nbsp;S. R. Morriss,&nbsp;B. Mours,&nbsp;C. M. Mow-Lowry,&nbsp;G. Mueller,&nbsp;A. W. Muir,&nbsp;Arunava Mukherjee,&nbsp;D. Mukherjee,&nbsp;S. Mukherjee,&nbsp;N. Mukund,&nbsp;A. Mullavey,&nbsp;J. Munch,&nbsp;E. A. M. Muniz,&nbsp;P. G. Murray,&nbsp;A. Mytidis,&nbsp;S. Nagano,&nbsp;K. Nakamura,&nbsp;T. Nakamura,&nbsp;H. Nakano,&nbsp;Masaya Nakano,&nbsp;Masayuki Nakano,&nbsp;K. Nakao,&nbsp;K. Napier,&nbsp;I. Nardecchia,&nbsp;T. Narikawa,&nbsp;L. Naticchioni,&nbsp;G. Nelemans,&nbsp;T. J. N. Nelson,&nbsp;M. Neri,&nbsp;M. Nery,&nbsp;A. Neunzert,&nbsp;J. M. Newport,&nbsp;G. Newton,&nbsp;T. T. Nguyen,&nbsp;W.-T. Ni,&nbsp;A. B. Nielsen,&nbsp;S. Nissanke,&nbsp;A. Nitz,&nbsp;A. Noack,&nbsp;F. Nocera,&nbsp;D. Nolting,&nbsp;M. E. N. Normandin,&nbsp;L. K. Nuttall,&nbsp;J. Oberling,&nbsp;E. Ochsner,&nbsp;E. Oelker,&nbsp;G. H. Ogin,&nbsp;J. J. Oh,&nbsp;S. H. Oh,&nbsp;M. Ohashi,&nbsp;N. Ohishi,&nbsp;M. Ohkawa,&nbsp;F. Ohme,&nbsp;K. Okutomi,&nbsp;M. Oliver,&nbsp;K. Ono,&nbsp;Y. Ono,&nbsp;K. Oohara,&nbsp;P. Oppermann,&nbsp;Richard J. Oram,&nbsp;B. O’Reilly,&nbsp;R. O’Shaughnessy,&nbsp;D. J. Ottaway,&nbsp;H. Overmier,&nbsp;B. J. Owen,&nbsp;A. E. Pace,&nbsp;J. Page,&nbsp;A. Pai,&nbsp;S. A. Pai,&nbsp;J. R. Palamos,&nbsp;O. Palashov,&nbsp;C. Palomba,&nbsp;A. Pal-Singh,&nbsp;H. Pan,&nbsp;C. Pankow,&nbsp;F. Pannarale,&nbsp;B. C. Pant,&nbsp;F. Paoletti,&nbsp;A. Paoli,&nbsp;M. A. Papa,&nbsp;H. R. Paris,&nbsp;W. Parker,&nbsp;D. Pascucci,&nbsp;A. Pasqualetti,&nbsp;R. Passaquieti,&nbsp;D. Passuello,&nbsp;B. Patricelli,&nbsp;B. L. Pearlstone,&nbsp;M. Pedraza,&nbsp;R. Pedurand,&nbsp;L. Pekowsky,&nbsp;A. Pele,&nbsp;F. E. Peña Arellano,&nbsp;S. Penn,&nbsp;C. J. Perez,&nbsp;A. Perreca,&nbsp;L. M. Perri,&nbsp;H. P. Pfeiffer,&nbsp;M. Phelps,&nbsp;O. J. Piccinni,&nbsp;M. Pichot,&nbsp;F. Piergiovanni,&nbsp;V. Pierro,&nbsp;G. Pillant,&nbsp;L. Pinard,&nbsp;I. M. Pinto,&nbsp;M. Pitkin,&nbsp;M. Poe,&nbsp;R. Poggiani,&nbsp;P. Popolizio,&nbsp;A. Post,&nbsp;J. Powell,&nbsp;J. Prasad,&nbsp;J. W. W. Pratt,&nbsp;V. Predoi,&nbsp;T. Prestegard,&nbsp;M. Prijatelj,&nbsp;M. Principe,&nbsp;S. Privitera,&nbsp;G. A. Prodi,&nbsp;L. G. Prokhorov,&nbsp;O. Puncken,&nbsp;M. Punturo,&nbsp;P. Puppo,&nbsp;M. Pürrer,&nbsp;H. Qi,&nbsp;J. Qin,&nbsp;S. Qiu,&nbsp;V. Quetschke,&nbsp;E. A. Quintero,&nbsp;R. Quitzow-James,&nbsp;F. J. Raab,&nbsp;D. S. Rabeling,&nbsp;H. Radkins,&nbsp;P. Raffai,&nbsp;S. Raja,&nbsp;C. Rajan,&nbsp;M. Rakhmanov,&nbsp;P. Rapagnani,&nbsp;V. Raymond,&nbsp;M. Razzano,&nbsp;V. Re,&nbsp;J. Read,&nbsp;T. Regimbau,&nbsp;L. Rei,&nbsp;S. Reid,&nbsp;D. H. Reitze,&nbsp;H. Rew,&nbsp;S. D. Reyes,&nbsp;E. Rhoades,&nbsp;F. Ricci,&nbsp;K. Riles,&nbsp;M. Rizzo,&nbsp;N. A. Robertson,&nbsp;R. Robie,&nbsp;F. Robinet,&nbsp;A. Rocchi,&nbsp;L. Rolland,&nbsp;J. G. Rollins,&nbsp;V. J. Roma,&nbsp;R. Romano,&nbsp;J. H. Romie,&nbsp;D. Rosińska,&nbsp;S. Rowan,&nbsp;A. Rüdiger,&nbsp;P. Ruggi,&nbsp;K. Ryan,&nbsp;S. Sachdev,&nbsp;T. Sadecki,&nbsp;L. Sadeghian,&nbsp;N. Sago,&nbsp;M. Saijo,&nbsp;Y. Saito,&nbsp;K. Sakai,&nbsp;M. Sakellariadou,&nbsp;L. Salconi,&nbsp;M. Saleem,&nbsp;F. Salemi,&nbsp;A. Samajdar,&nbsp;L. Sammut,&nbsp;L. M. Sampson,&nbsp;E. J. Sanchez,&nbsp;V. Sandberg,&nbsp;J. R. Sanders,&nbsp;Y. Sasaki,&nbsp;B. Sassolas,&nbsp;B. S. Sathyaprakash,&nbsp;S. Sato,&nbsp;T. Sato,&nbsp;P. R. Saulson,&nbsp;O. Sauter,&nbsp;R. L. Savage,&nbsp;A. Sawadsky,&nbsp;P. Schale,&nbsp;J. Scheuer,&nbsp;E. Schmidt,&nbsp;J. Schmidt,&nbsp;P. Schmidt,&nbsp;R. Schnabel,&nbsp;R. M. S. Schofield,&nbsp;A. Schönbeck,&nbsp;E. Schreiber,&nbsp;D. Schuette,&nbsp;B. F. Schutz,&nbsp;S. G. Schwalbe,&nbsp;J. Scott,&nbsp;S. M. Scott,&nbsp;T. Sekiguchi,&nbsp;Y. Sekiguchi,&nbsp;D. Sellers,&nbsp;A. S. Sengupta,&nbsp;D. Sentenac,&nbsp;V. Sequino,&nbsp;A. Sergeev,&nbsp;Y. Setyawati,&nbsp;D. A. Shaddock,&nbsp;T. J. Shaffer,&nbsp;M. S. Shahriar,&nbsp;B. Shapiro,&nbsp;P. Shawhan,&nbsp;A. Sheperd,&nbsp;M. Shibata,&nbsp;Y. Shikano,&nbsp;T. Shimoda,&nbsp;A. Shoda,&nbsp;D. H. Shoemaker,&nbsp;D. M. Shoemaker,&nbsp;K. Siellez,&nbsp;X. Siemens,&nbsp;M. Sieniawska,&nbsp;D. Sigg,&nbsp;A. D. Silva,&nbsp;A. Singer,&nbsp;L. P. Singer,&nbsp;A. Singh,&nbsp;R. Singh,&nbsp;A. Singhal,&nbsp;A. M. Sintes,&nbsp;B. J. J. Slagmolen,&nbsp;B. Smith,&nbsp;J. R. Smith,&nbsp;R. J. E. Smith,&nbsp;K. Somiya,&nbsp;E. J. Son,&nbsp;B. Sorazu,&nbsp;F. Sorrentino,&nbsp;T. Souradeep,&nbsp;A. P. Spencer,&nbsp;A. K. Srivastava,&nbsp;A. Staley,&nbsp;M. Steinke,&nbsp;J. Steinlechner,&nbsp;S. Steinlechner,&nbsp;D. Steinmeyer,&nbsp;B. C. Stephens,&nbsp;S. P. Stevenson,&nbsp;R. Stone,&nbsp;K. A. Strain,&nbsp;N. Straniero,&nbsp;G. Stratta,&nbsp;S. E. Strigin,&nbsp;R. Sturani,&nbsp;A. L. Stuver,&nbsp;Y. Sugimoto,&nbsp;T. Z. Summerscales,&nbsp;L. Sun,&nbsp;S. Sunil,&nbsp;P. J. Sutton,&nbsp;T. Suzuki,&nbsp;B. L. Swinkels,&nbsp;M. J. Szczepańczyk,&nbsp;M. Tacca,&nbsp;H. Tagoshi,&nbsp;S. Takada,&nbsp;H. Takahashi,&nbsp;R. Takahashi,&nbsp;A. Takamori,&nbsp;D. Talukder,&nbsp;H. Tanaka,&nbsp;K. Tanaka,&nbsp;T. Tanaka,&nbsp;D. B. Tanner,&nbsp;M. Tápai,&nbsp;A. Taracchini,&nbsp;D. Tatsumi,&nbsp;R. Taylor,&nbsp;S. Telada,&nbsp;T. Theeg,&nbsp;E. G. Thomas,&nbsp;M. Thomas,&nbsp;P. Thomas,&nbsp;K. A. Thorne,&nbsp;E. Thrane,&nbsp;T. Tippens,&nbsp;S. Tiwari,&nbsp;V. Tiwari,&nbsp;K. V. Tokmakov,&nbsp;K. Toland,&nbsp;T. Tomaru,&nbsp;C. Tomlinson,&nbsp;M. Tonelli,&nbsp;Z. Tornasi,&nbsp;C. I. Torrie,&nbsp;D. Töyrä,&nbsp;F. Travasso,&nbsp;G. Traylor,&nbsp;D. Trifirò,&nbsp;J. Trinastic,&nbsp;M. C. Tringali,&nbsp;L. Trozzo,&nbsp;M. Tse,&nbsp;R. Tso,&nbsp;K. Tsubono,&nbsp;T. Tsuzuki,&nbsp;M. Turconi,&nbsp;D. Tuyenbayev,&nbsp;T. Uchiyama,&nbsp;T. Uehara,&nbsp;S. Ueki,&nbsp;K. Ueno,&nbsp;D. Ugolini,&nbsp;C. S. Unnikrishnan,&nbsp;A. L. Urban,&nbsp;T. Ushiba,&nbsp;S. A. Usman,&nbsp;H. Vahlbruch,&nbsp;G. Vajente,&nbsp;G. Valdes,&nbsp;N. van Bakel,&nbsp;M. van Beuzekom,&nbsp;J. F. J. van den Brand,&nbsp;C. Van Den Broeck,&nbsp;D. C. Vander-Hyde,&nbsp;L. van der Schaaf,&nbsp;J. V. van Heijningen,&nbsp;M. H. P. M. van Putten,&nbsp;A. A. van Veggel,&nbsp;M. Vardaro,&nbsp;V. Varma,&nbsp;S. Vass,&nbsp;M. Vasúth,&nbsp;A. Vecchio,&nbsp;G. Vedovato,&nbsp;J. Veitch,&nbsp;P. J. Veitch,&nbsp;K. Venkateswara,&nbsp;G. Venugopalan,&nbsp;D. Verkindt,&nbsp;F. Vetrano,&nbsp;A. Viceré,&nbsp;A. D. Viets,&nbsp;S. Vinciguerra,&nbsp;D. J. Vine,&nbsp;J.-Y. Vinet,&nbsp;S. Vitale,&nbsp;T. Vo,&nbsp;H. Vocca,&nbsp;C. Vorvick,&nbsp;D. V. Voss,&nbsp;W. D. Vousden,&nbsp;S. P. Vyatchanin,&nbsp;A. R. Wade,&nbsp;L. E. Wade,&nbsp;M. Wade,&nbsp;T. Wakamatsu,&nbsp;M. Walker,&nbsp;L. Wallace,&nbsp;S. Walsh,&nbsp;G. Wang,&nbsp;H. Wang,&nbsp;M. Wang,&nbsp;Y. Wang,&nbsp;R. L. Ward,&nbsp;J. Warner,&nbsp;M. Was,&nbsp;J. Watchi,&nbsp;B. Weaver,&nbsp;L.-W. Wei,&nbsp;M. Weinert,&nbsp;A. J. Weinstein,&nbsp;R. Weiss,&nbsp;L. Wen,&nbsp;P. Weßels,&nbsp;T. Westphal,&nbsp;K. Wette,&nbsp;J. T. Whelan,&nbsp;B. F. Whiting,&nbsp;C. Whittle,&nbsp;D. Williams,&nbsp;R. D. Williams,&nbsp;A. R. Williamson,&nbsp;J. L. Willis,&nbsp;B. Willke,&nbsp;M. H. Wimmer,&nbsp;W. Winkler,&nbsp;C. C. Wipf,&nbsp;H. Wittel,&nbsp;G. Woan,&nbsp;J. Woehler,&nbsp;J. Worden,&nbsp;J. L. Wright,&nbsp;D. S. Wu,&nbsp;G. Wu,&nbsp;W. Yam,&nbsp;H. Yamamoto,&nbsp;K. Yamamoto,&nbsp;T. Yamamoto,&nbsp;C. C. Yancey,&nbsp;K. Yano,&nbsp;M. J. Yap,&nbsp;J. Yokoyama,&nbsp;T. Yokozawa,&nbsp;T. H. Yoon,&nbsp;Hang Yu,&nbsp;Haocun Yu,&nbsp;H. Yuzurihara,&nbsp;M. Yvert,&nbsp;A. Zadrożny,&nbsp;L. Zangrando,&nbsp;M. Zanolin,&nbsp;S. Zeidler,&nbsp;J.-P. Zendri,&nbsp;M. Zevin,&nbsp;L. Zhang,&nbsp;M. Zhang,&nbsp;T. Zhang,&nbsp;Y. Zhang,&nbsp;C. Zhao,&nbsp;M. Zhou,&nbsp;Z. Zhou,&nbsp;S. J. Zhu,&nbsp;X. J. Zhu,&nbsp;M. E. Zucker,&nbsp;J. Zweizig,&nbsp;KAGRA Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration","doi":"10.1007/s41114-018-0012-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-018-0012-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and <span>(90%)</span> credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5–<span>(20~mathrm {deg}^2)</span> requires at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of <span>(sim 2)</span> of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. When all detectors, including KAGRA and the third LIGO detector in India, reach design sensitivity, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-018-0012-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4993364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cosmology and fundamental physics with the Euclid satellite","authors":"Luca Amendola,&nbsp;Stephen Appleby,&nbsp;Anastasios Avgoustidis,&nbsp;David Bacon,&nbsp;Tessa Baker,&nbsp;Marco Baldi,&nbsp;Nicola Bartolo,&nbsp;Alain Blanchard,&nbsp;Camille Bonvin,&nbsp;Stefano Borgani,&nbsp;Enzo Branchini,&nbsp;Clare Burrage,&nbsp;Stefano Camera,&nbsp;Carmelita Carbone,&nbsp;Luciano Casarini,&nbsp;Mark Cropper,&nbsp;Claudia de Rham,&nbsp;Jörg P. Dietrich,&nbsp;Cinzia Di Porto,&nbsp;Ruth Durrer,&nbsp;Anne Ealet,&nbsp;Pedro G. Ferreira,&nbsp;Fabio Finelli,&nbsp;Juan García-Bellido,&nbsp;Tommaso Giannantonio,&nbsp;Luigi Guzzo,&nbsp;Alan Heavens,&nbsp;Lavinia Heisenberg,&nbsp;Catherine Heymans,&nbsp;Henk Hoekstra,&nbsp;Lukas Hollenstein,&nbsp;Rory Holmes,&nbsp;Zhiqi Hwang,&nbsp;Knud Jahnke,&nbsp;Thomas D. Kitching,&nbsp;Tomi Koivisto,&nbsp;Martin Kunz,&nbsp;Giuseppe La Vacca,&nbsp;Eric Linder,&nbsp;Marisa March,&nbsp;Valerio Marra,&nbsp;Carlos Martins,&nbsp;Elisabetta Majerotto,&nbsp;Dida Markovic,&nbsp;David Marsh,&nbsp;Federico Marulli,&nbsp;Richard Massey,&nbsp;Yannick Mellier,&nbsp;Francesco Montanari,&nbsp;David F. Mota,&nbsp;Nelson J. Nunes,&nbsp;Will Percival,&nbsp;Valeria Pettorino,&nbsp;Cristiano Porciani,&nbsp;Claudia Quercellini,&nbsp;Justin Read,&nbsp;Massimiliano Rinaldi,&nbsp;Domenico Sapone,&nbsp;Ignacy Sawicki,&nbsp;Roberto Scaramella,&nbsp;Constantinos Skordis,&nbsp;Fergus Simpson,&nbsp;Andy Taylor,&nbsp;Shaun Thomas,&nbsp;Roberto Trotta,&nbsp;Licia Verde,&nbsp;Filippo Vernizzi,&nbsp;Adrian Vollmer,&nbsp;Yun Wang,&nbsp;Jochen Weller,&nbsp;Tom Zlosnik,&nbsp;The Euclid Theory Working Group","doi":"10.1007/s41114-017-0010-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-017-0010-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Euclid is a European Space Agency medium-class mission selected for launch in 2020 within the cosmic vision 2015–2025 program. The main goal of Euclid is to understand the origin of the accelerated expansion of the universe. Euclid will explore the expansion history of the universe and the evolution of cosmic structures by measuring shapes and red-shifts of galaxies as well as the distribution of clusters of galaxies over a large fraction of the sky. Although the main driver for Euclid is the nature of dark energy, Euclid science covers a vast range of topics, from cosmology to galaxy evolution to planetary research. In this review we focus on cosmology and fundamental physics, with a strong emphasis on science beyond the current standard models. We discuss five broad topics: dark energy and modified gravity, dark matter, initial conditions, basic assumptions and questions of methodology in the data analysis. This review has been planned and carried out within Euclid’s Theory Working Group and is meant to provide a guide to the scientific themes that will underlie the activity of the group during the preparation of the Euclid mission.</p>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-017-0010-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4479853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tests of chameleon gravity","authors":"Clare Burrage,&nbsp;Jeremy Sakstein","doi":"10.1007/s41114-018-0011-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-018-0011-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Theories of modified gravity, where light scalars with non-trivial self-interactions and non-minimal couplings to matter—chameleon and symmetron theories—dynamically suppress deviations from general relativity in the solar system. On other scales, the environmental nature of the screening means that such scalars may be relevant. The highly-nonlinear nature of screening mechanisms means that they evade classical fifth-force searches, and there has been an intense effort towards designing new and novel tests to probe them, both in the laboratory and using astrophysical objects, and by reinterpreting existing datasets. The results of these searches are often presented using different parametrizations, which can make it difficult to compare constraints coming from different probes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present state-of-the-art searches for screened scalars coupled to matter, and to translate the current bounds into a single parametrization to survey the state of the models. Presently, commonly studied chameleon models are well-constrained but less commonly studied models have large regions of parameter space that are still viable. Symmetron models are constrained well by astrophysical and laboratory tests, but there is a desert separating the two scales where the model is unconstrained. The coupling of chameleons to photons is tightly constrained but the symmetron coupling has yet to be explored. We also summarize the current bounds on <i>f</i>(<i>R</i>) models that exhibit the chameleon mechanism (Hu and Sawicki models). The simplest of these are well constrained by astrophysical probes, but there are currently few reported bounds for theories with higher powers of <i>R</i>. The review ends by discussing the future prospects for constraining screened modified gravity models further using upcoming and planned experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2018-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-018-0011-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4652018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotating stars in relativity","authors":"Vasileios Paschalidis,&nbsp;Nikolaos Stergioulas","doi":"10.1007/s41114-017-0008-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-017-0008-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rotating relativistic stars have been studied extensively in recent years, both theoretically and observationally, because of the information they might yield about the equation of state of matter at extremely high densities and because they are considered to be promising sources of gravitational waves. The latest theoretical understanding of rotating stars in relativity is reviewed in this updated article. The sections on equilibrium properties and on nonaxisymmetric oscillations and instabilities in <i>f</i>-modes and <i>r</i>-modes have been updated. Several new sections have been added on equilibria in modified theories of gravity, approximate universal relationships, the one-arm spiral instability, on analytic solutions for the exterior spacetime, rotating stars in LMXBs, rotating strange stars, and on rotating stars in numerical relativity including both hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic studies of these objects.</p>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-017-0008-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5126109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black holes, hidden symmetries, and complete integrability","authors":"Valeri P. Frolov,&nbsp;Pavel Krtouš,&nbsp;David Kubizňák","doi":"10.1007/s41114-017-0009-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-017-0009-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study of higher-dimensional black holes is a subject which has recently attracted vast interest. Perhaps one of the most surprising discoveries is a realization that the properties of higher-dimensional black holes with the spherical horizon topology and described by the Kerr–NUT–(A)dS metrics are very similar to the properties of the well known four-dimensional Kerr metric. This remarkable result stems from the existence of a single object called the principal tensor. In our review we discuss explicit and hidden symmetries of higher-dimensional Kerr–NUT–(A)dS black hole spacetimes. We start with discussion of the Killing and Killing–Yano objects representing explicit and hidden symmetries. We demonstrate that the principal tensor can be used as a “seed object” which generates all these symmetries. It determines the form of the geometry, as well as guarantees its remarkable properties, such as special algebraic type of the spacetime, complete integrability of geodesic motion, and separability of the Hamilton–Jacobi, Klein–Gordon, and Dirac equations. The review also contains a discussion of different applications of the developed formalism and its possible generalizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-017-0009-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4874265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical boson stars","authors":"Steven L. Liebling,&nbsp;Carlos Palenzuela","doi":"10.1007/s41114-017-0007-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-017-0007-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The idea of stable, localized bundles of energy has strong appeal as a model for particles. In the 1950s, John Wheeler envisioned such bundles as smooth configurations of electromagnetic energy that he called <i>geons</i>, but none were found. Instead, particle-like solutions were found in the late 1960s with the addition of a scalar field, and these were given the name <i>boson stars</i>. Since then, boson stars find use in a wide variety of models as sources of dark matter, as black hole mimickers, in simple models of binary systems, and as a tool in finding black holes in higher dimensions with only a single Killing vector. We discuss important varieties of boson stars, their dynamic properties, and some of their uses, concentrating on recent efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2017-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-017-0007-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4554002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher Correction: Interferometer techniques for gravitational-wave detection","authors":"Charlotte Bond,&nbsp;Daniel Brown,&nbsp;Andreas Freise,&nbsp;Kenneth A. Strain","doi":"10.1007/s41114-017-0005-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-017-0005-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2017-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-017-0005-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4601341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}